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    1boundary Layer Theory

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    tolgaenes
    Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Given the velocity profile: u/U = (y/δ)^0.5 2) Calculate the momentum thickness: ∫(1-u/U)dy = δ/3 3) Calculate the displacement thickness: ∫(1-u/U)dy = δ/2 4) Ratio of momentum thickness to boundary layer thickness = θ/δ = 1/3 5) Ratio of displacement thickness to boundary layer thickness = δ*/δ = 1/2 The ratios are 0.166 and 0.33 respectively.

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    1boundary Layer Theory

    Uploaded by

    tolgaenes
    118 views13 pages
    Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Given the velocity profile: u/U = (y/δ)^0.5 2) Calculate the momentum thickness: ∫(1-u/U)dy = δ/3 3) Calculate the displacement thickness: ∫(1-u/U)dy = δ/2 4) Ratio of momentum thickness to boundary layer thickness = θ/δ = 1/3 5) Ratio of displacement thickness to boundary layer thickness = δ*/δ = 1/2 The ratios are 0.166 and 0.33 respectively.

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    Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Given the velocity profile: u/U = (y/δ)^0.5 2) Calculate the momentum thickness: ∫(1-u/U)dy = δ/3 3) Calculate the displacement thickness: ∫(1-u/U)dy = δ/2 4) Ratio of momentum thickness to boundary layer thickness = θ/δ = 1/3 5) Ratio of displacement thickness to boundary layer thickness = δ*/δ = 1/2 The ratios are 0.166 and 0.33 respectively.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    118 views13 pages

    1boundary Layer Theory

    Uploaded by

    tolgaenes
    Here are the key steps to solve this problem: 1) Given the velocity profile: u/U = (y/δ)^0.5 2) Calculate the momentum thickness: ∫(1-u/U)dy = δ/3 3) Calculate the displacement thickness: ∫(1-u/U)dy = δ/2 4) Ratio of momentum thickness to boundary layer thickness = θ/δ = 1/3 5) Ratio of displacement thickness to boundary layer thickness = δ*/δ = 1/2 The ratios are 0.166 and 0.33 respectively.

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    BOUNDARY LAYER THEORY

    (Re>1000)
    Unit # 1
    Sec 8.6 Potter
    Why study Boundary layer
    • It would help you understand how aircrafts
    fly
    • It would help you calculate
    drag on surfaces
    skin friction on surfaces
    boundary layer thickness
    Freestream & Boundary Layer
    Fluid stream over a solid surface may be divided into
    two parts:
    a) A thin layer adjacent to the surface, where only
    viscosity dominates called BOUNDARY LAYER
    (It is a viscous flow. It is very thin. The pressure
    within the boundary layer may be taken as that at
    the wall)
    b) An inviscid flow outside this boundary layer
    throughout called FREE STREAM
    (It is a potential flow)
    Boundary layer on flat plate

    Boundary layer begins as a laminar flow with zero thickness at


    the leading edge of flat plate or finite thickness on a blunt object.
    After some distance downstream the laminar flow undergoes
    transition to turbulent flow.
    Laminar & turbulent layer
    • A laminar flow becomes turbulent downstream of
    the flow. [watch the smoke from a cigarette and
    water from a tap]
    • Similarly the flow inside the boundary layer is
    initially laminar, goes through a transition region
    when large-scale eddies are formed and then
    develops into turbulent flow. Transition could
    occur at Reynolds number as high as 106. We will
    take 0.5x106 as the transition point.
    Laminar to Turbulent BL

    Transition from laminar to turbulent when Rex > 500,000


    Local Reynolds number, Rex = U xU x/
    Turbulent boundary layer
    DEFINITIONS
    BOUNDARY LAYER thickness is the distance
    from the wall up to a height where the fluid
      y(u 0.99U s )
    velocity is 99% of the free stream velocity
    DISPLACEMENT thickness is the distance by 
     u 
    which the boundary layer would have to be   1    U dy
    *

    displaced if the entire flow were frictionless 0 s 


    and the same mass flow is maintained

    MOMENTUM thickness is the distance from


    the surface such that the linear momentum

    flow rate for uniform velocity for this height u  u 
    is equal to the actual momentum flow rate   1  dy
    over the entire boundary layer section using 0
    Us  Us 
    the actual velocity profile. It is also a
    measure of total plate drag
    Boundary layer

    Figure 8.24 – Boundary layer in air with Recrit = 3 x 105.


    Shear
    stress
    Solved Problem (Fox-415)
    • A laboratory wind tunnel has a test section, 305 mm
    square. Boundary-layer velocity profiles are
    measured at two cross sections and displacement
    thicknesses are evaluated from the measured
    profiles. At section(1), where the freestream speed
    is U1=26 m/s, the displacement thickness is 1.5 mm.
    At section (2), located downstream from section (1)
    displacement thickness is 2.1 mm. Calculate the
    change in static pressure between sections (1) and
    (2). Express the result as a fraction of the
    freestream dynamic pressure at section (1).
    Wind Tunnel
    Home work (Douglas 11.2)
    • Determine the ratio of momentum and
    displacement thickness to the boundary layer
    thickness,  when the layer velocity profile is
    given by u  y
    0.5

     
    U  
    where u is the velocity at a height y above the
    surface and the flow free stream velocity is U.
    [ Ans: 0.166 m, 0.33m]

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