POWER AND

INDUSTRIAL
ELECTRONICS
Module -1
Introduction: Applications of power electronics, power semiconductor devices, control characteristics, types
of power electronic circuits, peripheral effects.
Power BJTs, switching characteristics, switching limits, base-drive control, introduction to IGBT, and MOSFET,
isolation of gate and base drives.
 
Module -2
Thyristors: Introduction, static characteristics of SCR, two transistor model, turn-on and turn off methods,
di/dt and dv/dt protection of SCR, series and parallel operation of thyristors, thyristor firing circuit using UJT.
Commutation Techniques: Introduction, natural commutation, forced commutation: self-commutation,
impulse commutation.
 
Module -3
Controlled Rectifiers: Introduction, principle of phase controlled converter operation, single-phase semi
converters, full converters and dual converters.
AC Voltage Controllers: Introduction, principle of ON-OFF and phase control, single-phase bidirectional
controllers with resistive and inductive loads.
Module -4
DC Choppers: Introduction, principle of step-down operation, step-down chopper
with R- L loads, Principle of step-up operation, Classification of DC Choppers.
DC Drives: Introduction, basic characteristics of DC Motors, operating modes
single phase Full- converter drives, Introduction to stepper motor
 
Module -5
Inverters: Introduction, principle of operation, single phase bridge inverters, three
phase inverters, voltage control of single phase inverters, current source inverter
Applications of Power electronics: Power supplies, switched- mode DC power
supplies and configurations, AC power supplies (UPS only), Industrial applications.
Text Book:
1. Power Electronics - M. H. Rashid, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2nd edition New
Delhi, 2002.
2. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design - Ned Mohan, Tore M.
Undeland and William P. Robbins, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2003.

Reference Books:
Power Electronics- M. D. Sing and Khanchandani K. B., Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Limited, Reprint 2001.
Power Electronics - Cyril W. Lander, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1993.
1) Definition
• Power Electronics:
is the electronics applied to conversion and control of
electric power.

Range of power scale :

milliwatts(mW) megawatts(MW) gigawatts(GW)

• A more exact explanation:

The primary task of power electronics is to process and
control the flow of electric energy by supplying voltages
and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user
loads.
Conversion of electric power
Electric Other names for electric
Power Power Power
input output power converter:
Converter -Power converter
-Converter
Control -Switching converter
input
-Power electronic circuit
-Power electronic converter

Changeable properties in
Two types of electric power
conversion

DC(Direct Current) Magnitude

Frequency, magnitude,
AC (Alternating Current)
number of phases
Classification of power converters
Power
Power
output
output DC AC
Power
Power
input
input
AC to AC converter
AC AC to DC converter ( Fixed frequency : AC controller
(Rectifier) Variable frequency: Cycloconverter or
frequency converter)

DC DC to DC converter DC to AC converter
(Chopper) (Inverter)
 Power electronic system
Generic structure of a power electronic system

Power Power Power

input output
Converter
Control input
Feedforward/Feedback Feedback/Feedforward
Controller
( measurements of input ( measurements of output
signals ) signals )
Reference
(commanding)

Control is invariably required.

Power converter along with its controller including the
corresponding measurement and interface circuits, is
also called power electronic system.
Typical power sources and loads for a
power electronic system

Power input Power Power output

Source Load
Vi ii Converter io Vo

-Electric utility -Electric Motor

Feedback/
-battery -light
-other electric energy source Feed forward
-heating
-power converter Controller -power converter
Reference -other electric or
electronic equipment

• The task of power electronics has been recently

extended to also ensuring the currents and power
consumed by power converters and loads to
meet the requirement of electric energy sources.
 2) Relation with information electronics
• A Classification of electronics by processing object

Information electronics: to process information

Electronics
Power electronics: to process electric power

Other classifications of electronics

Vacuum electronics: using vacuum devices,
e.g, vacuum tubes devices
Electronics
Solid (Solid state) electronics: using solid state devices,
e.g, semiconductor devices

Physical electronics: physics,material,fabrication,

and manufacturing of electronic
Electronics devices
Applied electronics: application of electronic
devices to various areas
3) The interdisciplinary nature
William E. Newell’s description
Electronics Power

Sta er e
po
u i ts

w
tic quip
i rc

&r
s ,c

ota ent
ice
Power

tin
m
v
De

g
Electronics
Continuous,
discrete
Control

Power electronics is the interface between

electronics and power.
Relation with multiple disciplines

Systems & Signal

Control theory processing
Circuit
Simulation &
theory
computing

Electric Power
Electronics
machines electronics

Power Solid state

systems physics
Electromagnetics

• Power electronics is currently the most active

discipline in electric power engineering worldwide.
 II. The history
Application of
fast-switching
Invention of fully-controlled
Thyristor semiconductor
devices GTO
GTR IGBT
Mercury arc rectifier Power diode Power MOSFET Power MOSFET
Vacuum-tube rectifier Thyristor Thyristor Thyristor
Thyratron (microprocessor) (DSP)
1900 1957 mid 1970s late 1980s

Pre-history 1st phase 2nd phase 3rd phase

• The thread of the power electronics history precisely follows and matches the
break-through and evolution of power electronic devices
Trends
• It is estimated that in developed countries now 60%
of the electric energy goes through some kind of
power electronics converters before it is finally used.
Power electronics has been making major
contributions to:
--better performance of power supplies and better control of
electric equipment
--energy saving
--environment protection
reduction of energy consumption leads to less pollution
reduction of pollution produced by power converters
direct applications to environment protection technology
III. Applications

• Industrial

• Transportation

• Utility systems

• Power supplies for all kinds of electronic equipment

• Residential and home appliances

• Space technology

• Other applications
Industrial applications

• Motor drives

• Electrolysis

• Electroplating

• Induction heating

• Welding

• Arc furnaces and ovens

• Lighting
Transportation applications

• Trains & locomotives

• Subways

• Trolley buses

• Magnetic levitation

• Electric vehicles

• Automotive electronics

• Ship power systems

• Aircraft power systems

 Utility systems applications
• High-voltage dc transmission(HVDC)
• Flexible ac transmission(FACTS)
• Static var compensation & harmonics
suppression: TCR, TSC, SVG, APF
• Custom power & power quality
control
• Supplemental energy sources :
wind, photovoltaic, fuel cells
• Energy storage systems
Power supplies for electronic equipment
• Telecommunications

• Computers
computer
server
• Office equipment

• Electronic instruments

• Portable or mobile
electronics
Telecommunication
Residential and home appliances

• Lighting

• Heating

• Air conditioning

• Refrigeration & freezers

• Cooking

• Cleaning

• Entertaining
Applications in space technology
• Spaceship power systems

• Satellite power systems

• Space vehicle power

systems
Other applications
• Nuclear reactor
control

• Power systems for

particle accelerators

• Environmental
engineering
 Voltage ratings Current ratings Reverse recovery
Type (VRRM) (IF) time (trr) Applications Remarks

UPS, battery
General Purpose 50-5000 V 1A to several ~25µs chargers, –
Diodes thousand Amps welding, traction
etc.
SMPS,
commutation Doping done
Fast Recovery 1A to several circuits,
Diode 50-3000 V thousand Amps <5µs choppers, using platinum
or gold
induction
heating
Metal-
Very high semiconductor
frequency junction, usually
Schottky Diodes Upto 100V 1-300 A ~ns switching power Al-Si(n-type),
majority carrier
supplies and
device, hence
instrumentation very low turn off
time
SCR
BJT
UJT