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    Chapter 3-Internal Mass Transfer Resistance

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    Sherry Anne Ynciong Panganiban
    1. The document discusses a model for analyzing internal mass transfer resistance in immobilized enzymes. 2. The model makes assumptions that the reaction occurs uniformly within the immobilized enzyme sphere and that mass transfer occurs via diffusion. 3. The model derives differential equations to describe the relationship between substrate concentration and radial distance within the immobilized enzyme sphere.

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    Chapter 3-Internal Mass Transfer Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Sherry Anne Ynciong Panganiban
    202 views9 pages
    1. The document discusses a model for analyzing internal mass transfer resistance in immobilized enzymes. 2. The model makes assumptions that the reaction occurs uniformly within the immobilized enzyme sphere and that mass transfer occurs via diffusion. 3. The model derives differential equations to describe the relationship between substrate concentration and radial distance within the immobilized enzyme sphere.

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    1. The document discusses a model for analyzing internal mass transfer resistance in immobilized enzymes. 2. The model makes assumptions that the reaction occurs uniformly within the immobilized enzyme sphere and that mass transfer occurs via diffusion. 3. The model derives differential equations to describe the relationship between substrate concentration and radial distance within the immobilized enzyme sphere.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    202 views9 pages

    Chapter 3-Internal Mass Transfer Resistance

    Uploaded by

    Sherry Anne Ynciong Panganiban
    1. The document discusses a model for analyzing internal mass transfer resistance in immobilized enzymes. 2. The model makes assumptions that the reaction occurs uniformly within the immobilized enzyme sphere and that mass transfer occurs via diffusion. 3. The model derives differential equations to describe the relationship between substrate concentration and radial distance within the immobilized enzyme sphere.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    In order to derive an equation that shows how the mass-transfer


    resistance affects the effectiveness of an immobilized enzyme, let’s make
    a series of assumptions as follows:
    1. The reaction occurs at every position within the immobilized enzyme,
    and the kinetics of the reaction are of the same form as observed for
    free enzyme.
    2. Mass transfer through the immobilized enzyme occurs via molecular
    diffusion.
    3. There is no mass-transfer limitation at the outside surface of the
    immobilized enzyme.
    4. The immobilized enzyme is spherical.
    The model developed by these assumptions is known as the distributed
    model.
    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    First we derive a differential equation which describes the relationship


    between the substrate concentration and the radial distance in an
    immobilized enzyme. The material balance for the spherical shell with
    thickness dr as shown in Figure 3.3 is
    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    For a steady-state condition:


    dCS/dt = 0
    Where: dCS/dt is the change of substrate concentration
    After opening up the brackets and simplifying by eliminating all terms
    containing dr2 or dr3, we obtain the second order differential equation:

    Eq. (3.11) can be solved by substituting a suitable expression for rS. Let’s
    solve the equation first for the simple cases of zero-order and first-
    order reactions, and for the Michaelis-Menten equation.
    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    Zero-order Kinetics: Let’s assume that the rate of substrate consumption


    is constant (zero order) with respect to substrate concentration as

    This is a good approximation when KM << CS for Michaelis-Menten


    kinetics, in which case k0 = rmax.
    By substituting Eq. (3.12) into Eq. (3.11), we obtain

    The boundary conditions for the solution of the preceding equation are
    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    Eq. (3.13) becomes


    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    Therefore, the solution of Eq. (3.13) is

    Eq. (3.20) is only valid when CS > 0. The critical radius, below which CS is
    zero, can be obtained by solving

    The actual reaction rate according to the distribution model with zero
    order is (4/3) π (R3 RC3)k0. The rate without the diffusion limitation is
    (4/3) π R3k0. Therefore, the effectiveness factor, the ratio of the actual
    reaction rate to the rate if not slowed down by diffusion, is
    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    First-order Kinetics: If the rate of substrate consumption is a first-


    order reaction with respect to the substrate concentration,

    By substituting Eq. (3.23) into Eq. (3.11) and converting it to


    dimensionless form, we obtain

    where
    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    and φ is known as Thiele’s modulus, which is a measure of the reaction


    rate relative to the diffusion rate.
    Eq. (3.24) together with the boundary conditions

    determines the function C’S(r’).


    In order to convert Eq. (3. 24) to a form which can be easily solved, we set
    so that the differential equation becomes
    Internal Mass-Transfer Resistance

    Now the general solution of this differential equation is

    Since xS must be bounded as approaches zero according to the first


    boundary condition, we must choose C1 = 0. The second boundary
    condition requires that C2 = 1/sinh3 φ , leaving

    which shows how the substrate concentration changes as a function of


    the radial distance in an immobilized enzyme.

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