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    Three-Phase Alternator: Prepared By: Teodoro M. de Jesus JR

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    Teodoro De JEsus
    The three-phase alternator has three single-phase windings spaced 120 degrees apart to produce three-phase power. It can be represented by a simplified schematic showing the three phases lumped together with their voltages displaced by 120 degrees. The stator windings can be connected in either a wye or delta configuration. In a wye connection, single-phase power is available from the neutral to each phase line and the line voltage is 1.73 times the phase voltage. In a delta connection, the line and phase voltages are equal but the line currents are 1.73 times the phase currents. Three-phase transformers can also be connected in wye or delta configurations to work in three-

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    Three-Phase Alternator: Prepared By: Teodoro M. de Jesus JR

    Uploaded by

    Teodoro De JEsus
    188 views17 pages
    The three-phase alternator has three single-phase windings spaced 120 degrees apart to produce three-phase power. It can be represented by a simplified schematic showing the three phases lumped together with their voltages displaced by 120 degrees. The stator windings can be connected in either a wye or delta configuration. In a wye connection, single-phase power is available from the neutral to each phase line and the line voltage is 1.73 times the phase voltage. In a delta connection, the line and phase voltages are equal but the line currents are 1.73 times the phase currents. Three-phase transformers can also be connected in wye or delta configurations to work in three-

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    THREE-PHASE ALTERNATOR

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    The three-phase alternator has three single-phase windings spaced 120 degrees apart to produce three-phase power. It can be represented by a simplified schematic showing the three phases lumped together with their voltages displaced by 120 degrees. The stator windings can be connected in either a wye or delta configuration. In a wye connection, single-phase power is available from the neutral to each phase line and the line voltage is 1.73 times the phase voltage. In a delta connection, the line and phase voltages are equal but the line currents are 1.73 times the phase currents. Three-phase transformers can also be connected in wye or delta configurations to work in three-

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    188 views17 pages

    Three-Phase Alternator: Prepared By: Teodoro M. de Jesus JR

    Uploaded by

    Teodoro De JEsus
    The three-phase alternator has three single-phase windings spaced 120 degrees apart to produce three-phase power. It can be represented by a simplified schematic showing the three phases lumped together with their voltages displaced by 120 degrees. The stator windings can be connected in either a wye or delta configuration. In a wye connection, single-phase power is available from the neutral to each phase line and the line voltage is 1.73 times the phase voltage. In a delta connection, the line and phase voltages are equal but the line currents are 1.73 times the phase currents. Three-phase transformers can also be connected in wye or delta configurations to work in three-

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    THREE-PHASE

    ALTERNATOR

    Prepared by: Teodoro M. de Jesus Jr.


    Introduction

    The three-phase alternator, as the name implies, has three single-phase


    windings spaced such that the voltage induced in any one phase is displaced
    by 120º from the other two. A schematic diagram of a three-phase stator
    showing all the coils becomes complex, and it is difficult to see what is
    actually happening.

    The simplified schematic of figure 1, view A, shows all the windings of


    each phase lumped together as one winding. The rotor is omitted for
    simplicity. The voltage waveforms generated across each phase are drawn
    on a graph, phase-displaced 120º from each other. The three-phase
    alternator as shown in this schematic is made up of three single-phase
    alternators whose generated voltages are out of phase by 120º.
    Figure 1
    View A
    View B
    View C
    Rather than having six leads coming out of the three-phase
    alternator, the same leads from each phase may be connected
    together to form a wye (Y) connection, as shown in Figure
    1,view B. It is called a wye connection because, without the
    neutral, the windings appear as the letter Y, in this case
    sideways or upside down. The neutral connection is brought out
    to a terminal when a single-phase load must be supplied.

    Single-phase voltage is available from neutral to A, neutral


    to B, and neutral to C. In a three-phase, Y-connected alternator,
    the total voltage, or line voltage, across any two of the three line
    leads is the vector sum of the individual phase voltages.
    Each line voltage is 1.73 times one of the phase voltages.
    Because the windings form only one path for current flow between
    phases, the line and phase currents are the same (equal).

    A three-phase stator can also be connected so that the phases


    are connected end-to-end; it is now delta connected (fig. 1, view C).
    (Delta because it looks like the Greek letter delta, ∆.) In the delta
    connection, line voltages are equal to phase voltages, but each line
    current is equal to 1.73 times the phase current. Both the wye and
    the delta connections are used in alternators.
    DEFINITION AND TYPES OF
    ALTERNATOR
     An alternator is an electrical generator that converts
    mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of
    alternating current. Most alternators use a rotating magnetic
    field with stationary armature.
     It is also known as synchronous generator.
    The three-phase alternator, as
    the name implies, has three single-
    phase windings spaced such that
    the voltage induced in any one
    phase is displaced by 120º from
    the other two..
    A schematic diagram of a three-phase
    stator showing all the coils becomes
    complex, and it is difficult to see what is
    actually happening. The simplified
    schematic of figure 3-8, view A, shows all
    the windings of each phase lumped
    together as one winding.
    The rotor is omitted for simplicity.
    The voltage waveforms generated
    across each phase are drawn on a
    graph, phase-displaced 120º from
    each other.
    • The three-phase alternator as shown
    in this schematic is made up of three
    single-phase alternators whose
    generated voltages are out of phase
    by 120º . The three phases are
    independent of each other
    Three-Phase Connections
    • The stator coils of three-phase alternators may
    be joined together in either wye or delta
    connections, as shown in figure 2.
    • With these connections only three wires come
    out of the alternator. This allows convenient
    connection to three-phase motors or power
    distribution transformers.
    • It is necessary to use three-phase transformers
    or their electrical equivalent with this type of
    system.
    Figure 2. - Three-phase alternator or transformer
    connections.

    A three-phase transformer may be made up of three, single-phase


    transformers connected in delta, wye, or a combination of both. If both the
    primary and secondary are connected in wye, the transformer is called a wye-
    wye. If both windings are connected in delta, the transformer is called a delta-
    delta.
    Figure 3 shows single-phase transformers connected delta-delta for operation in a
    three-phase system. You will note that the transformer windings are not angled to
    illustrate the typical delta (Δ) as has been done with alternator windings.
    Physically, each transformer in the diagram stands alone. There is no angular
    relationship between the windings of the individual transformers. However, if you
    follow the connections, you will see that they form an electrical delta. The primary
    windings, for example, are connected to each other to form a closed loop. Each of
    these junctions is fed with a phase voltage from a three-phase alternator. The
    alternator may be connected either delta or wye depending on load and voltage
     requirements, and the design of the system.

    Figure 3 - Three single-phase transformers connected delta-delta.


    Figure 4- shows three single-phase transformers connected wye-
    wye. Again, note that the transformer windings are not angled.
    Electrically, a Y is formed by the connections. The lower
    connections of each winding are shorted together. These form
    the common point of the wye. The opposite end of each winding
    is isolated. These ends form the arms of the wye.

    Figure 4. - Three single-phase transformers connected wye-wye.


    The ac power on most ships is distributed by a three-phase,
    three-wire, 450-volt system. The single-phase transformers step
    the voltage down to 117 volts. These transformers are
    connected delta-delta as in figure 3-10. With a delta-delta
    configuration, the load may be a three-phase device connected
    to all phases; or, it may be a single-phase device connected to
    only one phase.

    At this point, it is important to remember that such a


    distribution system includes everything between the alternator
    and the load. Because of the many choices that three-phase
    systems provide, care must be taken to ensure that any change
    of connections does not provide the load with the wrong voltage
    or the wrong phase.

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