MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING – UP 522

ASSIGNMENT – 3

FIRE INFRASTRUCTURE

Subject Coordinator- Submitted By-

Asst.Prof. Neha Pranav Kolhe Sandeep Patel
Scholar No.- 192109114
M.Plan.(Urban Planning)
FIRE PREVENTION
GENREAL CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS BASED ON OCCUPANCY AS PER NBC 2016
Group ‘A’ - Residential : Lodgings, Dwellings, Dormitories, Flats, Hotels.

Group ‘B’ - Educational : School, Colleges, Recreations.

Group ‘C’ - Institutional : Hospitals, Homes for aged, Orphanages, Jails, Mental, Hospital, reformatories.

Group ‘D’ - Assembly : Theatres, Drama Hall, Assembly Halls, Auditorium, Exhibition, Restaurants, Place of workshop,
Terminal etc.
Group ‘E’ - Business : Office, Labs, Computer Installations
Group ‘F’ - Mercantile : Shops, Stores, Market.

Group ‘G’ - Industrial : Assembly Plants, Labs, Pumping stations,

Refineries, Saw mills.

Group ‘H’ - Storage : All types of storages, Sheds, trucks & marine
terminals, Garages, Hangars, Stables.
FIRE
GroupZONES
‘J’ - Hazardous : Used to store highly combustible or explosive materials which may produce poisonous fumes
or
• explosions
Fire ZoneorNo.
toxic
1 etc.
— (Group A), (Group B),
(Group C), (Group D), small business
(Subdivision E-l) and (Group F) or areas
which are under development for such
occupancies.
• Fire Zone No. 2 — (Subdivisions E-2 to E-5)
and industrial buildings (Subdivisions G-l and
G-2),
• Fire Zone No. 3 — (Subdivision G-3),
(Group H) and (Group J) or areas which are
under development for such occupancies.
FIRE PREVENTION
FIRE RESISTANCE RATINGS OF STRUCTURAL AND NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS (MINUTES)

• TEMPORARY BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES MUST BE PERMITTED ONLY IN ZONE-1 AND 2 AND SHOULD BE
COMPLETELY REMOVED ON THE EXPIRY OF PERMIT AND NECESSARY FIRE SAFETY MEASURES MUST BE TAKEN
CARE OF.
• THE EXISTING BUILDINGS IN ANY FIRE ZONE SHALL NOT BE REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF
THE CODE UNLESS THESE ARE ALTERED, AND ALTERATION MUST BE DONE ONLY WIT THE PRIOR PERMISSION OF
THE RELATED AUTHORITY.
a) Buildings erected
• RESTRICTION in Fire Zone No. 1 shall conform to construction of Type 1, 2, 3 or
ON THE TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION FOR NEW BUILDINGS:
4.
b) Buildings erected in Fire Zone No. 2 shall conform to construction of Type 1, 2 or 3.
FIRE PREVENTION
FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY LAND AREA REQUIRED MIN.
FIRE STATION- 1 FOR EVERY 200000 POPULATION OR 1 WITHIN 5 TO 1.00 HA
7KM RADUIUS AREA INCLUSIVE OF RESIDENTIAL ACCOMODATION
SUB FIRE STATION/FIRE POST- 1 WITHIN A RADIUS OF 3 TO 4 KM AREA 0.60 HA
INCLUSIVE OF ESSENTIAL RESIDENTIAL ACCOMODATION
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE- 1 IN EACH ADMINISTRATIVE 1) 1.00 HA ALONG WITH SUITABLE OPEN AREA
ZONE AREA 2) 2) 2.00 HA IF SOFT PARKING, TEMPORARY SHELTER, PARADE
GROUND, ETC, INCLUDED
FIRE TRAINING INSTITUTE/COLLEGE 3.00 HA

COMPARATIVE F.A.R. FOR BUILDINGS FACING ONE PUBLIC

STREET OF ATLEAST 9.00 M WIDTH
S.NO. OCCUPANCY TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
CLASSIFICATION TYPE TYPE TYPE TYPE
1 2 3 4
1 RESIDENTIAL UL 2.0 1.4 1.0
2 EDUCATIONAL UL 2.0 1.4 1.0
3 INSTITUTIONAL UL 1.5 1.0 0.8
4 ASSEMBLY UL 1.0 0.7 0.5
5 BUSSINESS UL 2.9 2.3 1.6
6 MERCANTILE 8.0 1.8 1.4 1.0
7 INDUSTRIAL 7.0 1.9 1.6 1.3
8 STORAGE 6.0 1.5 1.3 1.0
9 HAZARDOUS 2.8 1.1 0.9 NP
UL-UNLIMITED NP-NOT PERMITTED

NOTE: The minimum fire separation on all sides of buildings of unlimited areas and of Type 1 construction shall be 9 m
FIRE PREVENTION
THE PROVISIONS OF FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY ARE APPLICABLE TO,
A) ALL HIGH RISE BUILDINGS;
B) SPECIAL BUILDINGS, THOSE ARE,
• HOTEL, EDUCATIONAL, INSTITUTIONAL, BUSINESS, MERCANTILE, INDUSTRIAL, STORAGE,
HAZARDOUS AND MIXED OCCUPANCIES, WHERE ANY OF THESE BUILDINGS HAVE FLOOR
AREA MORE THAN 500 SQM ON ANY ONE OR MORE FLOORS;
• EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS HAVING HEIGHT 9 M AND ABOVE;
• INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS HAVING HEIGHT 9 M AND ABOVE;
• ALL ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS;
• BUILDINGS, HAVING AREA MORE THAN 300 SQM OF INCIDENTAL ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCY ON
ANY FLOOR; AND
• BUILDINGS WITH TWO BASEMENTS OR MORE, OR WITH ONE BASEMENT OF AREA MORE
THAN 500 SQM.
FIRE PREVENTION
• FIRE SEPARATION — THE DISTANCE IN METERS
MEASURED FROM THE EXTERNAL WALL OF THE
BUILDING CONCERNED TO THE EXTERNAL WALL
OF ANY OTHER BUILDING ON THE SITE, OR FROM
OTHER SITE, OR FROM THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF A
STREET OR OTHER PUBLIC SPACE FOR THE
PURPOSE OF PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF FIRE

• FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS AND SPECIAL

BUILDINGS — THE APPROACH TO THE BUILDING
AND OPEN SPACES ON ALL ITS SIDES SHALL BE
NOT LESS THAN 6 M IN WIDTH, AND A TURNING
RADIUS OF MINIMUM 9 M SHALL BE PROVIDED
FOR FIRE TENDER MOVEMENT OF FIRE TENDERS
WEIGHING UP TO 45 T.

• REQUIREMENTS FOR RAMP FOR VEHICLES — IF

PODIUM IS ACCESSIBLE TO FIRE TENDER,
FIRE PREVENTION
CAR PARKING IN
SETBACK / OPEN
SPACES.
If the setback area / open spaces is more
then 12 meter, the provision for car
parking Can be done in the setback or
open spaces at the periphery of the
courtyard leaving the
6 meter motorable road.

CAR PARKING IN BASEMENT

Car Parking shall have to be done at the
basement with provision for minimum 2
ramps one remote to other
FIRE PREVENTION
STAIRCASES
a) Every high rise building Have minimum 2 number of
Staircases.
b) Width of staircases varies from 1 m. to 2 m.
c) For residential building width of staircases should be 1
mtr.
d) Out of 2 staircases, 1 can be used as a fire escape
staircase.
e) Width of fire escape should be minimum 0.75 meter.
f) Number of staircases shall be given as per the travel
distances.
g) Staircase shall not be extended to basement to prevent
smoke , heat & gases. From the basement smoke, heat 7
gases can be travel to upper floors.
h) Access to the basement from the ground should be
through a
separate staircase, which is not connected to main
staircase
(i.e. It should be remote to each other.)
i) Staircase shall be of enclosed type to prevent entry of
smoke & fire to the staircase & vice versa.
FIRE PREVENTION
METER ROOMS
• For all buildings above 15 m in height and in special occupancies, like
educational, assembly, institutional, industrial, storage, hazardous and
mixed occupancies with any of the aforesaid occupancies having area
more than 500 sqm on each floor, provision shall be made for an
independent and ventilated meter (service) room, as per requirements
of electric (service) supply undertakings on the ground floor.
• With direct access from outside for the purpose of termination of
electric supply from the licensee’s service and alternative supply
cables.
• The door/doors provided for the service room shall have fire
resistance of not less than two hours.
FIREFIGHTING SHAFT (FIRE TOWER)
— An enclosed shaft having protected area of
120 min fire resistance rating comprising
protected lobby, staircase and fireman’s lift,
connected directly to exit discharge or
through exit passageway with 120 min fire
resistant wall at the level of exit discharge to
exit discharge. These shall also serve the
purpose of exit requirement/ strategy for the
occupants. The respective floors shall be
approachable from fire-fighting shaft
enabling the fire fighters to access the floor
and also enabling the fire fighters to assist in
evacuation through fireman’s lift. The
firefighting shaft shall be equipped with 120
min fire doors. The firefighting shaft shall be
equipped with firemen talk back, wet riser
and landing valve in its lobby, to fight fire by
fire fighters (see Fig. 2 for a typical
FIRE PREVENTION
OCCUPANT LOAD
• For determining the exits required, the
number of persons within any floor area or
the occupant load shall be based on the
actual number of occupants declared, but in
no case less than that specified in Table 3.
• The occupant load of a mezzanine floor
discharging to a floor below shall be added to
that floor occupancy and the capacity of the
exits shall be designed for the total
occupancy load thus established.
LIFT

a) Minimum 1 lift capable of carrying minimum 8 persons weighing 545 kgs. Shall be provided for every high rise building.

b) Landing doors of lifts shall open to ventilated lobby & shall have a fire resistance of 1 hour.

c) 1 lift shall be designed as a “Fire Lift”

d) “Fireman Switch” shall be provided for each lift.

e) Lifts shall not be used as means of evacuation.

f) Collapsible gates shall not be provided for the lift.

g) If more than 1 lifts are installed the partition wall should be of minimum 2 hours fire resistance.
FIRE PREVENTION
ENTRANCE WIDTH & HEIGHT CLEARANCE
Every High rise building should have at least 2 means of access, one remote to
the other, of minimum width 4.5m. with height clearance of 5m. This
minimum width is essential to facilitate free movement of fire units.
SETBACK OR MARGINAL OPEN SPACES
Sufficient open space (setbacks) around residential buildings, as indicated in the
next slide, is essential to facilitate free movement and operation of Fire Service
vehicles.

FOR OTHER OCCUPANCIES THE SETBACKS SHALL HAVE M.O.S. AROUND BUILDINGS w.r.t. VARRYING TO HEIGHT
TO BE ALLOWED AS FOLLOWS:
a.Educational buildings - Except for nursery schools, the open space
shall not be less than 6 meters.
b.Institutional buildings - open space shall not be less than 6
meters.
c.Assembly building - Except in front, open space shall not be less than
6 meter and front open space shall not be less than 12 meters.
d.Business/Mercantile & storage building – Open space around the building
shall not be less than 4.5meters. It can be relaxed in certain circumstances.
e.Industrial/Hazardous building – Minimum 4.5 meters open space shall
be kept around the building for the height up to16 meters. Open space
FIRE PREVENTION
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS / BUILTIN FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

WET RISER - An arrangement for firefighting FIRSTAID HOSE REELS - in addition to wef riser
within the building by means of vertical rising mains or down-comer, firstaid hose reels shall be installed in
not less than 100 mm nominal diameter with landing buildings on all the floors, in accordance with accepted
valves on each floor/landing for firefighting purposes standard. The first-aid hose reel shall be connected
and permanently charged with water from a directly to the riser/down-comer main and diameter of
pressurized supply the hose reel shall not be less than 19 mm.

DRY RISER – An arrangement of firefighting PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER-A

within the building by means of vertical rising main portable fire extinguisher by definition is an
not less than 100 mm internal diameter with valves item of equipment for the purpose of
on each floor/landing, which is normally dry but is extinguishing a fire.  The reality is however
capable of being charged with water usually by that a portable fire extinguisher is effective
pumping from fire service appliances only for the type and size of a fire that it is
rated for.
DOWN-COMER - An arrangement of firefighting within the
building by means of down-comer pipe connected to terrace tank
through terrace pump, gate valve and non-return valve and having
mains not less than 100 mm internal diameter with landing valves
on each floor/landing. It is also fitted with inlet connections at
ground level for charging with water by pumping from fire service
appliances and air release valve at roof level to release trapped air
FIRE PREVENTION
WATER STORAGE TANK CAPACITY
• Underground water storage tank varies from 50,000 ltrs. to 250,000 ltrs. depending
on the type & occupancy of the buildings.
• The capacity of terrace level water storage tank varies from 10,000 ltrs. to 20,000
ltrs. depending on the type & occupancy of the building.
• Above mentioned water tank capacity is for 1 riser. If the number of risers
will be more than 1, than quantity of water shall be increased in that
proportionate. In addition to this if automatic sprinkler, drenchers are
provided for special risk then this will be additional quantity of water.

PUMPING CAPACITY
• For underground water storage tank, pump shall be installed of a capacity either
1800
• L.P.M. Or 2400 L.P.M. depending on the type and occupancy of the building along
with jocky pump.
• At topmost hydrant we should get a pressure of not less than 3.5 bar.
• For terrace level water storage tank, pump shall be installed of a capacity either 450
L.P.M. depending on the type and ccupancy of the building.
• Alternative source of supply for the pump shall be provided.
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
• Sprinkler system is a must for basement parking & other risk areas where large
quantities of combustible materials are stored.
• Each sprinkler should cover 6.96 sqm area.
• Normally a separate sprinkler should be provided for a separate car.
• Sprinklers may connect to main water tank & pump, but capacity of the tank &
pump shall be increased in that proportionate.
• The capacity of water tank shall be calculated on the basis of sprinklers.
FIRE PREVENTION
ESCAPE ROUTE
THE escape route should be marked with a sign board
on the corridor & passage to guide evacuation.
Normally, the escape route sign board must be written
in luminous paint for easy identification. This is to
guide every occupant of the building who is bound to
panic in the event of accident.
ALTERNATE POWER SUPPLY COMPARTMENTATION
A stand by generator should be All floors shall be compartmented/zoned
installed to supply power for staircase with area of each compartment being
lighting, corridor lighting, fire pump, not more than 750 sqm. The maximum
pressurization fan & blowers, in the size of the compartment shall be as
event of is connection of failure of follows, in case of sprinklered
main supply. basement/building:
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM
EVERY high rise building should have a
public address system with 2 way
communication to conduct evacuation in
a systematic manner & to communicate
any messages to occupants on every floor
from the control room.
FIRE PREVENTION
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
• Depending on the occupancy, M.O.E.F.A. System or automatic operated system
shall be provided in the building.

• Every building more than 15m in height shall provide both i.E. M.O.E.F.AS &
A.F.A.

• Residential & office buildings between 15m & 24m in height may be exempted from
installation of automatic fire alarm system if local fire brigade is well equipped to
face the emergency up to 24m.

• One has to manually operate the glass in M.O.E.F.A.S.

• M.O.E.F.A.S. Requires a special person or separate person to operate.

AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM (A.F.A.) MANUALLY OPERATED ELECTRIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
(M.O.E.F.A.)
THANK YOU