STUDY OF FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

Submitted by

Kamlesh Patel- 49

Rohan Rajput -

Project Guide Akash Arikar -114

Dr. M.S.Kadu
Aim :- To study the fire fighting system of existing
buildings as per the National Building Code (NBC)
Part 4 (2016) :- Fire and Life Safety.

Objective :- Preparation of Detailed report with

respect to NBC Part 4 and suggesting the changes
which can be made for Life as well as building
safety
LITERATURE REVIEW
According to clause no. 3.1.1 of NBC part 4 of page no. 12 - All buildings,
whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according to the
use or the character of occupancy in one of the following groups:
• Group A Residential
• Group B Educational
• Group C Institutional
• Group D Assembly
• Group E Business
• Group F Mercantile
• Group G Industrial
• Group H Storage
• Group J Hazardous
GROUP A : RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
 Subdivision A-1 : Lodging or rooming houses
 Subdivision A-2 : One or two family private
dwellings
 Subdivision A-3 : Dormitories
 Subdivision A-4 : Apartment houses
 Subdivision A-5 : Hotels
 Subdivision A-6 : Hotels ( starred )
GROUP C : INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
 Subdivision C-1 : Hospitals and sanatoria
 Subdivision C-2 : Custodial institutions

 Subdivision C-3 : penal and mental institutions

 FIRE ZONES
According to clause no. 3.2.2.2 of NBC part 4 of page no.17
- The fire zones shall be made use of in land use
development plan and shall be designated as follows:
 A city is divided into various zones of fire based on fire
hazard inherent in the buildings and structures according
to occupancy, which shall be called as ‘Fire Zones’.
1. Zone -1 : areas having residential, educational,
Institutional, small businesses, retail Mercantile
buildings or areas under construction f such occupancies
2. Zone -2 : Business and Industrial buildings, except high
hazard industrial buildings
3. Zone -3 : This comprise Buildings with high hazard.
FIRE PROTECTION
 OBJECTIVES OF FIRE
PROTECTION:
 Primary objectives:-

To save lives and protect property.

 Secondary objectives:-To
minimize interruption of services
due to fire
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE AND
CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS
CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS:-
 Light (low) hazard: Locations where the total amount of
Class A combustible materials is minor.

 Ordinary (moderate) hazard: Locations where Class A

combustibles and Class B flammables are present in
greater amounts than expected under light hazard
occupancies.

 Extra (high) hazard: Locations with large quantities of

highly combustible materials and conditions are such that
fires could develop quickly with high heat release.
FIRE DETECTION AND SIGNALLING SYSTEM

MANAUAL ALARM
DETECTION
 ▪ Bells, gongs, and flashing lights
are manually activated by a
switch.
 ▪ To avoid accidental operation o f
the switch, the station is usually
designed so that a person must
break a glass panel or glass rod
or must perform other
preliminary actions before the
alarm can be operated
THERMAL DETECTORS:-
 This sensor consists of normally
open contact held by bimetallic
elements that will close the contacts
when the ambient temperature
reaches a fixed setting. The setting
is generally designed for operation
at setting is generally designed for
operation at 57℃, 88 ℃, or 94℃.
 This sensor reacts to the rate at
which the temperature rises. It
contains a sealed but slightly vented
air chamber which expands quickly
when the temperature near the
device rises quickly When the air
chamber expands faster than it can
be vented near the device rises
quickly.
STANDPIPE SYSTEM:-
▪ STANDPIPE SYSTEMS CONSIST OF PIPING, VALVES, HOSE
CONNECTIONS, AND NOZZLES TO PROVIDE STREAMS OF WATER FOR
FIRE SUPPRESSION.
AUTOMATIC SPRINKLERS:-
AUTOMATIC SPRIKLERS
SHALL BE INSTALLED IN:-
 Basement used as car parks or
storage occupancy, if the area
exceeds 200m^2
 Any room or other
compartment of building
exceeding 1125m^2
 Departmental stores or shops, if
aggregate covered area exceeds
500m^2
 Go-downs and warehouses, as
considered necessary
 Dressing rooms , stage
basement of theatres.
 In hotels below 15 m, if covered
area at each floor is more than
1000m^2
SMOKE DETECTORS FLAME DETECTORS

FIRE DETECTORS:-SENSE ONE OR MORE OF THE

PHENOMENA RESULTING FROM FIRE SUCH AS SMOKE , HEAT ,
ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT RADIATION OR GAS
 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

1. Dry chemical powder type-

cylindrical shape fire extinguisher with fixing hangers,
hose, brackets, screws to required size etc., complete as
per IS:2171 - wall mounted type.5 Kg. Capacity
2. CO2 type -
cylindrical shape fire extinguisher with fixing hangers,
hose, brackets, screws to required size etc.,complete as
per IS:2878 - wall mounted type.4.5 Kg. Capacity
3. ABC type fire extinguisher-
with fixing hangers, hose, brackets, screws to required
size etc., complete as per IS:13849:1993 -Wall mounted
type 5 Kg. Capacity 2Kg.
4. Mechanical foam type fire extinguishers of 9 lit capacity
with fixing hangers, hose, brackets, screws to required
size etc., complete as per IS:10204 -Wall mounted type
 WET RISER CUM DOWN RISER SYSTEM
ALONG WITH HYDRANT
 900 lpm (54 Cum/hr.) electrically driven mono block
centrifugal terrace level pump at 3.5 Kg/Sqcm or
3.43 bar and 2900 rpm with all necessary accessories
and shall be automatic.
 63mm dia oblique type, Single headed yard hydrant,
gunmetal conforming to IS:5290.
 Reinforced rubber lined hose with gunmetal coupling
of 63mm dia, conforming toIS:636 & IS:903
respectively and as per the requirement of local fire
service department. 15 m long (For fire escape
hydrants)& 15 m long (For yard hydrants).
 Hose reel with 19mm rubber hose and 25mm dia
globe valve conforming to IS:884 & as per the
requirement of local fire service department.
 A rising main consists essentially of a pipe
(of 100mm diameter)
 STANDPIPE/RISER
 Types of risers use :
WET RISERS- Wet risers are kept permanently
charged with water which is then immediately
available for use on any floor with an outlet.
Buildings above 60 meters in height should be
provided with wet risers. Wet risers in building
should not be used for any other purpose.

The water supply system to the riser should be

capable of providing a pressure of 410 kPa or 4.1 bar at
the highest outlet. Lower outlets should be protected
against excessive pressure whereby pressures should
limited to 520 kPa or 5.2 bar maximum at any outlet.

Wet riser system is always the preferred system

unless freezing conditions may occur. In this case the
dry riser system is to be used.
CASE STUDY 1
RAMBAGH COMPLEX
NAGPUR
INTRODUCTION

As per our project, Fire assessment of existing building,

we have done a case study on Rambagh

Complex,12,Ramkrishnanagar khamla road ,NAGPUR.

In which we have found out clauses where the building

satisfies various norms as per NBC part 4 (2016)& where the

building lacks in fire protection. Also, we have given some

remedial measures wherever applicable.

After studying plan of civil engineering building with respect to NBC Part 4
(2016), following observations are made
Observation 1
According to clause no. 3.1.1 of NBC part 4 of page no. 12 - All buildings,
whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified according to the use or
the character of occupancy in one of the following groups:

Group AResidential
Group BEducational
Group CInstitutional According to this clause the
Group D Assembly departmental building comes under
Group EBusiness Group-A type i.e. RESIDENTIAL
Group F Mercantile building.
Group GIndustrial
Group H Storage
Group J Hazardous
Observation 2:
According to clause no. 3.1.2 (d) of NBC part 4 of page no. 13- These shall
include any building or structure in which living quarters are provided for three
or more families, living independently of each other and with independent
cooking facilities, for example, apartment houses, mansions and chawls.
This clause clearly states that the Residential building comes under Sub-
Division A-4 i.e. Apartment houses, flats.

Observation 3:
According to clause no. 3.2.2.2 of NBC part 4 of page no.13 - The fire zones shall
be made use of in land use development plan and shall be designated as follows:
g) Fire Zone No. 1 — This shall comprise areas having residential (Group A),
educational (Group B), institutional (Group C), and assembly (Group D), small
business (Subdivisions E-1) and retail mercantile (Group F) buildings,.
h) Fire Zone No. 2 — This shall comprise business (Sub-divisions E-2 to E-5)
and industrial buildings (Sub-division G-1 and G-2), except high hazard
industrial buildings (Sub-division G-3) .
i) Fire Zone No. 3 — This shall comprise areas having high hazard industrial
buildings (Subdivision G-3), storage buildings (Group H) and buildings for
hazardous used (Group J) or areas which are under development for such
occupancies.
According to this classification, our building comes under Fire Zone No.1.
Observation no. 4
Table no.10 clause no 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 page no. 72 shows the data consisting
minimum thickness required of solid masonry walls requires to resist fire from
one side at a time. According to this table the building having type-1
construction should have masonry walls of minimum thickness of 100mm.
In the residential building the thickness of masonry walls provided is
230mm which is satisfied as per this clause.

Observation no.5
According to clause no. 4.4.2.4.3 of NBC part 4 of page no. 33- The minimum
width of tread without nosing shall be 250 mm for internal staircase of
residential buildings. This shall be 300 mm for assembly, hotels, educational,
institutional, business and other buildings. The treads shall be constructed and
maintained in a manner to prevent slipping.
And in the residential building considered, it is 260 mm,which satisfies
the given
clause.
 CASE STUDY 2
SANJEEVANI HOSPITAL

GODHNI,NAGPUR
INTRODUCTION:
The Sanjeevani Hospital,Divya Nagri godhani Road Nagpur, was
established in 20
The building consists of G+2 floors and 1 continuous stairways from
ground floor to terrace with great infrastructure and architectural
view. The building has different plans for all the floors and the plan of
all the floors are given in the section below.
Observation 1:

According to clause no. 3.1.1 of NBC part 4 (2016) of page no. 12 - All
buildings, whether existing or hereafter erected shall be classified
according to the use or the character of occupancy in one of the following
groups:

Group AResidential
Group BEducational
Group CInstitutional
Group D Assembly
Group EBusiness
Group F Mercantile
Group GIndustrial
Group Storage
Group J Hazardous

According to this clause the considered building comes under Group-C

type i.e. Institutional building.
Observation 2:

According to clause no 3.1.4 of NBC PART- 4 (2016) of page no 14,these

shall include any building or part thereof, which is used for purposes, such
as medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or
mental illness, disease or infirmity; care of infants, convalescents or aged
persons and for penal or correctional detention in which the liberty of the
inmates is restricted. Institutional buildings ordinarily provide sleeping
accommodation for the occupants.
Buildings and structures under Group C shall be further subdivided as
follows:
Subdivision C-1 Hospitals and sanatoria
SubdivisionC-2 Custodial institutions
Subdivision C-3 Penal and mental institutions

According to this clause, our building comes under Subdivision

C-1.
Observation 3:
According to clause no. 3.2.2.2 of NBC part 4 of page no.13 - The fire zones
shall be made use of in land use development plan and shall be designated
as follows:
a) Fire Zone No. 1 -This shall comprise areas having residential (Group A),
educational (Group B), institutional (Group C), assembly (Group D), small
business (Subdivision E-1) and mercantile (Group F) buildings, or areas
which are under development for such occupancies.
b) Fire Zone No. 2 -This shall comprise business (Subdivisions E-2 to E-5)
and industrial buildings (Subdivisions G-1 and G-2), except high hazard
industrial buildings (Subdivision G-3) or areas which are under
development for such occupancies.
c) Fire Zone No. 3 -This shall comprise areas having high hazard industrial
buildings (Subdivision G-3), storage buildings (Group H) and buildings for
hazardous uses (Group J) or areas which are under development for such
occupancies.

According to this clause,our building comes under Fire Zone No. 1.

Observation 4:

Table no.10 clause no 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 page no. 72 shows the data consisting
minimum thickness required of solid masonry walls requires to resist fire
from one side at a time. According to this table the building having type-1
construction should have masonry walls of minimum thickness of 100mm.

In the Institutional building the thickness of masonry walls provided

is 230mm which is satisfied as per this clause.

Observation 5:

According to clause no. 4.4.3.4.3 of NBC part 4 of page no. 33 -The maximum
height of riser shall be 190 mm for residential buildings and 150 mm for
other buildings and the number shall be limited to 12 per flight

In the Institutional building, the maximum height of riser is 158 mm

and maximum number of riser provided per flight is 9. Hence it does not fully
satisfy the above clause.

.
 CONCLUSION
Case Study 1

• In Rambagh Complex, some of the clauses were satisfied and some were not

satisfied so according to this study various changes in the building wherever

it can be possibleshould be provided so that it satisfies according to thenorm.

• Exit signs and floor indicating boards on each floor are required, two

extinguishers should be provided on each floor, and hose reel along with a

separate water supply terrace tank of 25,000lit capacity for fire fighting

should be provided.

• As the height of the building exceeds 15m, fire lift shall be provided in the

building with a separate emergency lighting system.

Case Study 2

• In hospital Building, some of the clauses were satisfied and some were not

satisfied so according to this study various changes in the building wherever

it can be possible should be provided so that it satisfies according to the

norm.

• Exit signs and floor indicating boards on each floor are essential from safety

point of view. , two extinguishers should be provided on each floor, and hose

reel along with a separate water supply terrace tank of 10,000lit capacity for

fire fighting should be provided.

.
 REFERENCES
• Specification for smoke detectors for use in automatic electrical fire alarm
system 11360: 1985
•National Building Code part-4 (2016)
•Fire Extinguishers- IS: 933:1989
•Portable chemical fire extinguishers, foam type (third revision)- IS: 934:
1989
•Portable chemical fire extinguishers, water type (gas cartridge) (third
revision)-IS: 2171: 1985
•Portable chemical fire extinguishers, Dry Powder (Cartridge type) (third
revision)-IS: 2190: 1992
•Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of portable
first - aid fire extinguisher (third revision)-IS: 2878: 1986
•Portable fire extinguishers, carbon dioxide type (second revision)-IS: 4562:
1968
THANK YOU