Stirling Engine & Applications

STIRLING ENGINE &
APPLICATIONS
PROJECT SEMINAR
PRESENTED BY:-
ANAS RAHMAN E P
S7M1
ROLL NO: 18
OVERVIEW
HISTORY
INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONS
WORKING
STIRLING CYCLE
TYPES
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
HISTORY
Inventor = Robert Sterling

(1790 - 1878)
To replace the steam

turbines of his time due to
frequent explosion causing
many injuries and fatalities
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS STIRLING ENGINE ??
A Sterling engine is a heat engine that operates by

cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas
(the working fluid) at different temperatures.
It is a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine with a

permanently gaseous working fluid
INTRODUCTION
Stirling engines have a high efficiency compared to

steam engines
They are also capable of quiet operation and can use

almost any heat source. ie compatible with
alternative and renewable energy sources
 The heat energy source is generated external to the

Stirling engine rather than by internal combustion
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
KEY COMPONENTS
Heat source -
The heat source is where the engine gets all its
energy from
Heat sink -
The place where the hot gas is cooled before
being returned to the heat source
Working gas –
working gas that is trapped within the system.
Heat-exchangers –
two heat exchangers are used to transfer heat
across the system boundary. A heat absorbing
heat-exchanger & heat rejecting heat-exchanger
Regenerator –
this acts both as a thermal barrier between the
hot and cold ends of the machine and also as a
“thermal store” for the cycle.
Displacer mechanism –
this moves (or displaces) the working gas
between the hot and cold ends of the machine
Parts of a beta type stirling engine
Source : /https://www.ohio.edu/mechanical/stirling/engines/beta.html
WORKING PRINCIPLE
I. One side of the engine is continuously heated while

the other side is continuously cooled.
II. First, the air moves to the hot side, where it is heated
and it expands pushing up on a piston.
III. Then the air moves through the regenerator to the cold
side, where it cools off and contracts pulling down on
the piston.
IV. Temperature change inside the engine produces the
pressure change needed to push on the piston and
make the engine run.
WORKING
Heating :
The gas is transferred from the cold part towards the
hot part.
- the operating piston is almost motionless.
- the displacer goes down.
 An isochoric heating (with constant volume)
WORKING
Expansion :
It is the expansion phase, the gas is near the hot part.
- the operating piston goes down.
- the displacer too.
An isothermal expansion (at constant temperature)
WORKING
 Cooling :
The gas is transferred from the hot part towards the
cold part.
- the operating piston is almost motionless.
- the displacer goes up.
An isochoric cooling
WORKING
Compression :
The gas is compressed, it is near the cold part.
- the operating piston goes up.
- the displacer is almost motionless at the top.
An isothermal compression
THE VOLUME VARIATION
STIRLING CYCLE
The idealized Stirling cycle consists of

four thermodynamic processes acting on the working
fluid
Pressure volume diagram
STIRLING CYCLE
Recovered mechanical energy

Wnet = Wexp + Wcomp
Wnet = nR (Tmax - Tmin) ln Vmax / Vmin
 Provided heat :
Qexp = nR Tmax ln Vmax / Vmin
Qheat = nCv (Tmax - Tmin)
Qtotal = nCv (Tmax - Tmin) + nR Tmax ln Vmax / Vmin
 Cycle efficiency :
η = [R (Tmax - Tmin) ln Vmax / Vmin] / [Cv (Tmax - Tmin) + R Tmax ln
Vmax / Vmin]
Efficiency when there is a regenerator:
η = 1 - Tmin / Tmax
TYPES
ALPHA
BETA
GAMMA
PERFORMANCE
Actual p-v diagrame

PERFORMANCE
Speed vs temperature ratio

PERFORMANCE
Output power vs temperature ratio

ADVANTAGES
The silence of operation : the combustion is

continuous outside of the cylinders. the engine is
easy to balance and generates few vibrations.
The high efficiency :the overall efficiency can be
very high
 The multitude of possible “hot sources” :
combustion of various gases, wood, sawdust, waste,
solar or geothermic energy...
ADVANTAGES
The ecological aptitude . It is easier to achieve a

complete combustion in this type of engine.
 Reliability and easy maintenance: : the
technological simplicity
Longer lifetime.
The very diverse uses because of its autonomy
and adaptability to the needs and the different kinds
of hot sources (from mW to MW).
DISADVANTAGES
The price : A generalization of its employment

should solve this problem inherent in any novelty.
The ignorance of this type of engine by the
general public. It is therefore necessary to promote
it.
 The problems of sealing are difficult to have
high pressures of operation. ability of working gas to
diffuse through materials is a great disadvantage.
DISADVANTAGES
The variety of models prevents standardization

 Heat transfers with a gas are delicate and often
require bulky apparatuses
 The lack of flexibility : the fast and effective
variations of power are difficult to obtain with a
Stirling engine.
APPLICATIONS
Solar applications:
energy from the Sun is collected using solar collecter
photovoltaic panels have a poor performance, about
15% but stirling engine have more
 dish Stirling uses Stirling engine to generate power.
APPLICATIONS
Cryogenic domain :
The reversibility of the Stirling engine is used in
order to produce cold in an industrial way.
 Its efficiency is then excellent.
 This mode of operation is so efficient that we use
this type of installation to liquefy certain gas.
APLLICATIONS
Heat pump
Automobile motorization
Generators
Domestic uses
waste heat recovery systems.
Water pump stations
Micro CHP(combined heat and power) units
marine engines
low power aviation engines
CONCLUSIONS
 Unlimited source of heat source

 Political awareness of green heat and power
production.
 Many different possible applications.
 Time to change.
REFERENCES
http://www.robertstirlingengine.com/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_engine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling_cycle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_the
_Stirling_engine
THANK YOU

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STIRLING ENGINE &

Inventor = Robert Sterling

To replace the steam

WHAT IS STIRLING ENGINE ??

A Sterling engine is a heat engine that operates by

It is a closed-cycle regenerative heat engine with a

Stirling engines have a high efficiency compared to

They are also capable of quiet operation and can use

 The heat energy source is generated external to the

I. One side of the engine is continuously heated while

The idealized Stirling cycle consists of

Recovered mechanical energy

Actual p-v diagrame

Speed vs temperature ratio

Output power vs temperature ratio

The silence of operation : the combustion is

The ecological aptitude . It is easier to achieve a

The price : A generalization of its employment

The variety of models prevents standardization

 Unlimited source of heat source

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