Energy Efficiency

Sustainable Energy Future :
Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy Resources
Dr. Naval Karrir

Contents of the Presentation
• Sustainable Energy Future : Energy Efficiency &
Renewable Energy Resources
• Comparison on Energy Efficiencies
• Ways to improve energy efficiency
• Sustainable Future Solutions
(Solar, Hydropower , Wind, Biomass, Solar-Hydro,
Decentralized Micro-power )
• Creating Sustainable Energy Future
• Proposed Strategy : Sustainable Energy Future
Comparative Efficiencies : Output / Input
Ways to Improve Energy Efficiency
 Insulation (Controlling the surface heat losses)
 Eliminate air leaks in compressed air systems (compressed air is
used for sprays, moving pistons and loads – leaks means wasted
energy to generate power)
 Recovery of heat by exchangers (exhaust heat from chimneys is
used to preheat water in boilers or air in furnaces)
 Energy Efficient appliances : use less electricity to generate

heat or light
 Efficient electric motors (motors using less electricity to move
gears or wheels – thus saving energy)
 High-efficiency lighting as CFLs (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) &
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) – use less electricity to generate
same lumens (brightness / lighting)
Sustainable Energy Solutions
(Energy that would endure for future generations)
Renewable Energy Resources!

• Solar – passive & Active (Using Sun’s power)
• Hydroelectric (Using Water Power)
• Wind Power
• Biomass Power (agriculture/ forest Waste)
• Solar Hydrogen Power (hybrid system)
• Geothermal power (Energy available
under the earth)
• Decentralized Micro-power (Small power systems
that reduce transmission & distribution losses)
Using Solar Energy to Provide Heat and Electricity
 Passive solar heating (Solar energy heats the building

–walls & windows and building is insulated)
 Active solar heating (Solar energy used directly
to heat water or produce electricity that heats the
house)
Using Solar Energy to Provide High-
Temperature Heat and Electricity
Solar Cell Trade-Offs
 Solar thermal systems
(water is heated to steam by
using parabolic mirrors &
electricity / heat is generated
from steam)
 Photovoltaic (PV) cells (Silicon

crystals convert solar energy
to Electricity)
Producing Electricity from Wind
Wind power moves the turbine &

alternator to generate electricity
or motive power (drawing water
from wells)
Concerns
Availability of Commercially Exploitable Wind Speeds
Psychedelic effects on residents , noise pollution & scenery
Producing Energy from Biomass
 Bio-fuels (commercial plantations

as Jatropha seeds)
 Crop residues
 Animal manure (Cow dung /
poultry waste)
 Biogas ( sewage waste)
 Ethanol (Sugarcane to sugar processing)
Biomass (agriculture or forest waste) is either

directly combusted or convert to gas to generate
heat / energy.
The Solar-Hydrogen Revolution (Hybrid systems)
 Extracting hydrogen efficiently (by splitting water into

hydrogen & oxygen)
 Hydrogen (from hydrocarbons – petroleum )
 Fuel cells (using membrane technology)

Geothermal Power (heat available beneath the
ground : gas , water or steam)
 Geothermal reservoirs
 Dry steam
 Wet steam
 Hot water
 Molten rock
 Hot dry-rock zones
Decentralized Micro –power (reducing electrical
Transmission & Distribution Losses )
 Decentralized power systems (local power generation

systems – close to point of utilization)
 Micro-power systems ( Micro turbines using exhaust
gases to generate power)
Fig. 16-39
p. 411
Ways for Creating a Sustainable Energy Future
• Increase fuel efficiency standards for

vehicle, appliances, buildings
• Tax and other financial incentives for
energy efficiency
• Subsidize renewable energy use, research
and development
• Reducing Green House Gases emissions
from fossil fuels :
– Increase renewable energy to 50%
– cut coal use by 50%
– Using Clean coal technologies
Proposed Strategy : Sustainable Energy Future
Questions !!!
Thank You for your kind attention
Contact Details :
naval.karrir@gmail.com

Energy Efficiency

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Sustainable Energy Future :

Energy Efficiency and

Dr. Naval Karrir

 Energy Efficient appliances : use less electricity to generate

Renewable Energy Resources!

 Passive solar heating (Solar energy heats the building

 Photovoltaic (PV) cells (Silicon

Wind power moves the turbine &

 Bio-fuels (commercial plantations

 Ethanol (Sugarcane to sugar processing)

Biomass (agriculture or forest waste) is either

 Extracting hydrogen efficiently (by splitting water into

 Fuel cells (using membrane technology)

 Decentralized power systems (local power generation

• Increase fuel efficiency standards for

Thank You for your kind attention

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