ANATOMY OF THE EYE

ORBIT
▪ Pear shaped bony cavity

Contains the following:

▪ Globe
▪ Extra-ocular Muscles
▪ Nerves
▪ Fat
▪ Blood Vessels
Orbital Dimensions

Total Volume: 30cc

Entrance Height: 35mm

Entrance Width: 45mm

• Frontal
• Ethmoid
• Lacrimal
• Sphenoid
• Maxillary
• Zygomatic
• Palatine
 Orbital Walls
ROOF
• Orbital plate of the Frontal Bone
• Lesser wing of the Sphenoid

REMEMBER: FrontLess

LATERAL
• Zygomatic Bone
• Greater wing of the sphenoid

Strongest part of the orbit since it protects the

posterior half of the globe from trauma
 Orbital Walls
MEDIAL
• Lesser wing of the Sphenoid
• Maxillary Bone
• Ethmoid Bone (Lamina Papyracea)
• Lacrimal Bone
REMEMBER: SMEL
◆ Lamina Papyracea – thinnest orbital bone

FLOOR
• Zygomatic Bone
• Maxillary Bone
• Palatine Bone
 Orbital Apex
• Entry portal for nerves and vessels to the eye
• Site of Origin of EOMS (except IO)

• Optic Foramen
• Opening of the optic canal to the orbit
• Transmits the optic nerve, ophthalmic artery and
sympathetic nerves
Arterial Supply: Ophthalmic Artery

Branches:
▪ Central retinal artery (2/3 Inner Retina)
▪ Lacrimal artery (Lacrimal gland, upper eyelid)
▪ Muscular branches (EOMS)
▪ Long Post. Ciliary arteries (Ciliary body)
▪ Short Post. Ciliary arteries (Choroid & ON)
▪ Medial palpebral artery (Eyelids)

Venous Drainage: Sup. & Inf. Ophthalmic Veins

Topographic Features of the Globe
 CONJUNCTIVA
• Thin, transparent mucous membrane
• Reservoir of tears
• Covers the eyes and turns red when irritated (Conjunctivitis/Sore eyes)

2 PARTS:
▪ Palpebral: lines the posterior surface of the
eyelid adherent to tarsus
▪ Bulbar: covers the eyeball
SCLERA
• Opaque, porcelain white
• Hydration contributes to its opaque nature
• Ensheathes eye from corneal limbus to the
dural sheath of the optic nerve
• Thinnest (0.3mm) just behind insertions of
rectus muscles, thickest (1.0mm) at
posterior pole around optic nerve head
• Provides strong structural framework to
support the inner eye; can withstand
expansive force of IOP
 CORNEA
• Highly specialized avascular tissue to refract and transmit light
• Unique architecture and deturgescence accounts for corneal transparency
• Mechanical barrier and biologic defense system
• Adult size: horizontal 11-12 mm vertical 9-11 mm
• Thickness increases with age
• Optical properties:
– Transparency
– Smoothness of surface
– Contour
– Refractive index
• Air-tear interface at the surface of the
cornea forms a positive lens approx 43 diopters (D)
LAYERS OF THE CORNEA

A – Anterior Epithelium
B – Bowman’s membrane
C – Corneal stroma
D – Descemet’s membrane
E – Endothelium
Section Break
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