Vocab

Federalism and
Constitution Vocab
Delegated Powers
 Powers the Constitution grants or delegates
to the national government.
Expressed Powers
 Are those powers directly expressed or stated
in the Constitution by the Founders.
◦ Most of these are found in the first three articles.
 Make war
 Collect taxes
 Raise an Army and Navy
Enumerated Powers
 Another term for expressed powers
Implied Powers
 Those powers that the national government
requires to carry out the powers that are
expressly defined in the Constitution.
◦ The power to draft those into the armed forces
Inherent Powers
 Those powers that the national government
may exercise simply because it is a
government.
◦ The control of immigration
◦ Establish diplomatic relations with other countries
State Power
 Federalist Number 45:
◦ James Madison’s argument for limited powers to
the national government.
Reserved Powers
 The powers reserved strictly for the states.
◦ Grants to the states those powers “not delegated to
the United States by the Constitution, nor
prohibited by it to the states.”
 Regulation of public school systems
Elastic Clause
 Also known as the necessary and proper
clause.
◦ Correlates to implied powers as it allows congress
to stretch its authority.
 “Congress shall have power…to make all Laws which
shall be necessary and proper for carrying into
Execution the Foregoing powers, and all other powers
vested…in the Government of the United States…”
Concurrent Powers
 Powers that both national government and
states have.
Standards and Objectives
 Standard Number: 1.0 Culture
 Standard: Culture encompasses similarities and
differences among people, including their beliefs,
knowledge, changes, values, and tradition. Students will
explore these elements of society to develop an
appreciation of and respect for the variety of human
cultures.
 Standard Number: 4.0 Governance and Civics
 Standard: Governance establishes structures of power and
authority in order to provide order and stability. Civic
efficacy requires understanding rights and
responsibilities, ethical behavior, and the role of citizens
within their community, nation, and world.
Objectives
 4.6 Understand the concept of federalism.
 Students will understand why the concept of
federalism is necessary to protect natural

rights and prevent abuses of government
power.
 Students will understand how the concepts of
federalism have been applied to society

during their own lives.
Outline
 Opening Objective
 Visual Vocabulary
 Prezi Presentation
◦ Elastic Clause
 Federal and State Powers Handout
 PowerPoint on Types of Federalism
◦ Taste the Difference

 Present Day Scenarios
Denied Powers
 Those things the national government and
states cannot do.
◦ Tax exports
◦ No state can make treaties or alliances with foreign
governments.
VS
Supremacy Clause
 What happens when states exceed their
reserved powers and pass laws that conflict
with national laws? Which law is supreme?
◦ This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States
which shall be made in Pursuance thereof, and all
treaties made…under the Authority of the United
States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and
the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby.”
 No state law or constitution may conflict with any form
of national law
Guarantees to the States
 Republican Form of Government
◦ (Allowing senators and representatives to have a
seat in Washington)
◦ Protection
◦ Territorial Integrity
Grants
 a. Categorical Grant: A grant for a specific
project which must be approved and reviewed
by the federal government.
 b. Block Grant: A grant for a general function
(health, law enforcement, etc.) These grants

have some conditions and reporting
requirements. They are distributed on a
formula basis.
Formal Amendments
 The type of amendments that make actual
change to the U.S. Constitution
 Needs two-thirds vote by congress
 Needs three-fourths vote by States
Informal Amendments
 Unwritten changes to the Constitution
through basic legislation and executive
action.
◦ “no third term”
Dual Federalism
 Dual federalism, involves clearly enumerated
powers between the national and state
governments, and sovereignty in equal
spheres. This relationship predominated from
the 1790s to 1930.
Cooperative Federalism
 Cooperative federalism, involved the national
and state governments sharing functions and
collaborating on major national priorities.
This relationship predominated between
1930 and 1960.
Dual Federalism
 Dual federalism, also known as "layer cake
federalism" involves clearly enumerated
powers between the national and state
governments, and sovereignty in equal
spheres. This relationship predominated from
the 1790s to 1930.
Cooperative Federalism
 Cooperative federalism, also known as
"marble cake federalism," involved the
national and state governments sharing
functions and collaborating on major national
priorities. This relationship predominated
between 1930 and 1960.
Creative Federalism
 Creative (Centralized) Federalism: National
government becomes the most powerful
actor in these formerly shared functions, and
uses its power even when states are opposed
(i.e.--Civil Rights).
New Federalism
 New Federalism: An attempt to end federal
interference in state affairs. More reliance on
block grants, end of revenue sharing. States
not enthusiastic because end-result was
often increased responsibility (and
expectations) of the local government while
there was a reduction in funding to local
governments.
Extradition
 If a criminal flees to another state after
committing a crime in a different state, they
may be transferred back to where the original
crime was committed.

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Federalism and

federalism is necessary to protect natural

federalism have been applied to society

◦ Taste the Difference

(health, law enforcement, etc.) These grants

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