Chapter 4

Chapter 4
Input and Output
Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16 th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Learning Objectives (1 of 2)
• Explain the purpose of a computer keyboard and the types of keyboards

widely used today.
• List several different pointing devices and describe their functions.
• Describe the purposes of scanners and readers and list some types of
scanners and readers in use today.
• Explain what digital cameras are and how they are used today.
• Understand the devices that can be used for audio input.
Deborah Morley/Charles S. Parker, Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive, 16 th Edition. © 2017 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Learning Objectives (2 of 2)
• Describe the characteristics of a display device and explain some of the

technologies used to display images.
• List several types of printers and explain their functions.
• Identify the hardware devices typically used for audio output.
Overview
• This chapter covers:

• The most common input devices
• Hardware designed for capturing data in electronic form
• Audio input
• Types of display devices and how they work
• Types of printers and how they work
• Audio output devices
Keyboards
• A keyboard is an input device used to enter characters at the location

marked by the insertion point or cursor
• Can be built-in, wired, or wireless
• Typically contains:
• Standard alphanumeric keys
• Numeric keypad
• Function keys
• Delete and Backspace keys
• Ctrl and Alt keys
• Arrow keys
• Special-purpose keys
A Typical Desktop Keyboard
FIGURE 4-1:
A typical
desktop
keyboard.
Keyboards for Mobile Devices (1 of 2)
• Mobile devices often use:

• Slide-out keyboard
• Pen or touch input (on-screen keyboard)
• Can use an external keyboard (stand-alone or built into a case)
Keyboards for Mobile Devices (2 of 2)
FIGURE 4-2: Keyboards for mobile devices.
Source: Nuance Source: Logitech Source: Whirlscape

ON-SCREEN KEYBOARD UNIVERSAL KEYBOARD ONE-ROW KEYBOARD
This keyboard is using the Swype This keyboard can connect This on-screen keyboard uses
app in which the user continuously wirelessly to three devices at once software to try to determine and
drags through the letters in a word and the user can switch between predict what the user is typing.
for faster input. those devices.
Pointing Devices
• Pointing devices are used to:

• Select and manipulate objects
• Input data
• Issue commands to the computer
• Common types of pointing devices:
• Mouse
• Pen/stylus
• Devices that use touch input
Mice
• A mouse is a common pointing device that the user slides to move a pointer
around the screen and clicks to make selections
• Older mechanical mice use a ball
• Optical or laser mice track with light
• Touch mice support two-dimensional gestures
• Used to start programs; open, move around, and edit documents; draw or edit
images; and more
• Can be used with a variety of devices
• Typically connect via a USB port or a wireless connection
Common Mice and Mouse Operations
FIGURE 4-3: Mice. FIGURE 4-4:

Common mouse
operations.
TRADITIONAL MICE Source: Logitech

Support pointing, clicking, TOUCH MICE
and scrolling.
Support swiping, tapping, and
other navigational gestures.
Pens/Styluses
• A stylus is a pen-like device used to draw or write electronically on the

screen
• Also called digital pen, electronic pen, or pen
• Pen input is being used for:
• Photography, graphic design, animation
• Industrial design, document processing, and healthcare applications
• Navigating through a document
• Issuing commands
• Handwritten input and drawings
Pen-Based Computers and Mobile Devices
• Pen input is often used with mobile devices and tablets

• Can be used with desktop and portable computers if the display screen
supports it
FIGURE 4-5: Pen-based computers and mobile devices.
Source: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Source: Microsoft Corporation Source: Wacom Company
SMARTPHONES TABLET COMPUTERS DESKTOP COMPUTERS
Digital Forms
• With handwriting FIGURE 4-6: Digital forms. If the software supports it, the text
handwritten on a digital form can be converted by the computer
recognition, written text can to typed text.
be converted to editable
typed text
• The use of digital forms is
increasingly
Source: Mi-Co
Trend
Perceptual Computing
• Users control devices with 3D gestures,
voice commands, and facial
expressions
• Noncontact system
• Allows for full body input and input from
a slight distance away or through a
glass window
The Leap 3D System
Other Uses for Digital Pens
• Digital writing systems are pen-based systems that capture handwritten

input as it is being written
• Requires special paper with a grid of dots
• Transfers handwritten input to computer
• Graphics tablets are flat, touch sensitive tablets typically connected to
computer using a USB port
• Also called pen tablets or digitizing devices
• Signature capture devices are used to record signatures for credit card
purchases, deliveries, etc.
Examples of Digital Pens in Use
FIGURE 4-7: Other uses for digital pens.
Source: Livescribe, Inc. Source: Wacom Company SIGNATURE CAPTURE DEVICES

DIGITAL WRITING SYSTEMS GRAPHICS/PEN TABLETS Record signatures for purchases,
deliveries, and other applications
Record all input written on the paper Transfer all input written or drawn on that require recorded authorization.
and transfer it to a device either in real the tablet to the computer in real
time or when directed by the user. time and allow the use of pen
navigation tools.
Touch Screens
• Touch screens are display devices that are touched with the finger to select
commands or otherwise provide input to the computer
• Common on portable computers, smartphones, and other mobile devices
• Multi-touch screens can recognize input from more than one finger at a time
• Some support both touch and pen input
• Surface Hub (large multi-touch wall-mounted display)
• Table PC (large computer either built into a table or designed to be used on a
table)
Examples of Touch Screens
FIGURE 4-8: Touch screens.
PERSONAL Source: Amazon.com, Inc. Source: Microsoft Source: Lenovo

COMPUTERS Corporation
MOBILE DEVICES TABLE PCS
SURFACE HUBS
Other Pointing Devices
FIGURE 4-9: Other common pointing devices.
• Gaming devices
• Trackballs
• Control buttons and
wheels
• Touch pads
How It Works
Augmented Reality
• Overlays computer generated images
on top of real-time images
• Today, most often with smartphones
using camera input, location info, and
other data
• Displays appropriate information
related to images captured by the
smartphone
Source: Nokia
A smartphone AR app pointing at a business
district.
Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras
• Some devices capture data initially FIGURE 4-10: Source data automation.
in digital form
• Others capture data from source
documents
• Already exist in physical form
(photographs, checks, invoices, or
product labels)
• Source data automation
• Saves time Source: Motion Computing CAPTURING DATA FROM ITS
SOURCE DOCUMENT
• Increases accuracy RECORDING DATA DIRECTLY
INTO A COMPUTER
• Utilizes scanning or reading
devices
Scanners
• A scanner (optical scanner) is an input device that captures an image of an

object in digital form
• Data is typically input as a single image
• Can scan photos, documents, images, etc.
• Types of scanners
• Flatbed scanners (scan flat objects one page at a time)
• Portable scanners (scan objects while on the go)
• 3D scanners (scan objects in 3D)
• There are also task-specific scanners, such as receipt and business card scanners
Examples of Scanners
FIGURE 4-11: Scanners.
FLATBED SCANNERS Source: Wizcomtech LTD PORTABLE 3D SCANNERS

Used to input digital copies of photos, PORTABLE SCANNERS Used to capture 3D digital images
sketches, slides, book pages, and of a person or an object.
other relatively flat documents into the Used to capture digital copies of documents
computer. while on the go; the data is typically
transferred to a computer at a later time.
Scanning Quality and Resolution
• Quality of scanned images FIGURE 4-12: Scanning resolution.

indicated by optical resolution
• Measured in number of dots per
inch (dpi)
• Can often be specified when image
is scanned
• Can be changed when scanned
image is edited
• Higher resolution means better
quality but larger file size
RESOLUTION
Most scanners let you specify the resolution (in dpi)
to use for the scan. High-resolution images look
sharper but result in larger file sizes.
Barcodes and Barcode Readers
• Barcodes are machine-readable optical codes that represent data as a set

of bars
• Barcode readers are input devices that read barcodes
• Types of barcodes
• Read by traditional barcode reader
• Universal Product Code (UPC)
• ISBN
• Code 39
• Read by mobile apps
• QR Codes (two-dimensional; hold much more data)
• Digital watermarks (icons)
Examples of Barcodes and Digital Watermark
Icons
FIGURE 4-13: Barcodes and

digital watermark icons..
Source: Motorola Solutions

Examples of Barcode Readers
FIGURE 4-14: Barcode readers.
FIXED BARCODE READERS PORTABLE BARCODE READERS INTEGRATED BARCODE

READERS
Used most often in retail point-of- Used when portability is needed.
sale applications. Used most often for consumer
applications.
Radio Frequency ID (RFID) (1 of 2)
• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that stores, reads,

and transmits data located in RFID tags
• RFID tags contain tiny chips and radio antennas
• Can be attached to objects
• Read by RFID readers
• Handheld, portal, and stationary
• Tags only need to be within range of the reader, rather than in line of sight
Radio Frequency ID (RFID) (2 of 2)
• Used for a variety of applications FIGURE 4-15: R F I D tags.

• Tracking inventory and assets
• Electronic toll collection
• Tracking patients in hospitals
• Ticketing applications
• IDs (driver licenses, U.S.
passports, etc.)
Near Field Communications (NFC)
• Near Field Communications (NFC) is a short-range wireless

communication standard based on RFID
• Used to transfer information between smartphones or between a smartphone
and an NFC-enable reader
• Used for contactless mobile payments
• Credit card or smartphone containing the NFC technology needs to be within an
inch or so of the NFC-enabled payment terminal
• More appropriate than conventional RFID for mobile payments
Examples of RFID and NFC Applications (1 of 2)
FIGURE 4-16: RFID and NFC applications.
SHIPPING WAREHOUSING
This portal RFID reader reads RFID tags attached This handheld RFID reader is used to read the
to the shipping container or to items inside the RFID tags located on the warehouse shelves, as
container as it passes through the portal. well as on the pallets currently stored there.
Examples of RFID and NFC Applications (2 of 2)
FIGURE 4-16: RFID and NFC applications (continued)
Source: MasterCard Worldwide Source: teamaxess.com

MOBILE PAYMENTS TICKETING
This stationary NFC reader is used at checkout This stationary RFID reader is used to
locations to process payments via NFC-enabled automatically open ski lift entry gates for valid
credit cards or smartphones. lift ticket holders at a ski resort in Utah.
Optical Mark Readers (OMR) and Optical Character
Recognition (OCR)
• Optical mark readers (OMRs) input data from optical forms to score or tally
exams, questionnaires, ballots
• Optical character recognition (OCR) recognizes text characters and
converts them to electronic form as text, not images
• Identifies each character and convert it to editable text
• Used to process turnaround documents like monthly bills
• Read by OCR devices
• Optical characters are designed to be read by OCR devices but can still be read
by humans
OMR Readers and Optical Characters
FIGURE 4-17: Optical mark readers FIGURE 4-18: Optical characters. Are
(OMRs). Are commonly used to score often used in turnaround documents,
tests and tally questionnaires. such as on this utility bill.
Source: Scantron Corporation

Source: NV Energy
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR )
Readers
• Magnetic ink character FIGURE 4-19: Magnetic ink character
recognition (MICR) readers are used
recognition (MICR) is used primarily to process checks.
primarily for banking to facilitate
check processing
• MICR readers (check scanners)
read the MICR characters printed at
the bottom of checks
• Used by banks
• Used by businesses to remotely
deposit checks
• Individuals typically use ATMs or
mobile deposit instead Source: Epson America, Inc.
Technology and You
Mobile Payments and Digital Wallets

• Digital wallets, like Apple Pay and
Google Wallet, store payment
information to pay for purchases
• Mobile digital wallets are stored on
mobile devices
• Typically use NFC
• Competing NFC readers
• Mobile payments can also be made via Source: Verifone.
mobile credit card readers, mobile An NFC-enabled payment terminal.
banking apps, or mobile payment apps
(Square Cash or PayPal)
Biometric Readers
• Biometric readers are used to FIGURE 4-20: Biometric readers.

input biometric data such as an
individual’s fingerprint or voice
• Can be stand-alone readers or built
into another piece of hardware
• Most often used for access control,
to authorize electronic payments,
and to log on to secure Web sites
Digital Cameras
• Digital cameras take pictures and records them as digital images

• Can be still cameras and/or video cameras
• Integrated into portable computers, smartphones, and tablets
• Digital still cameras
• Primary appeal is that images are immediately available
• Camera quality is measured in megapixels
• Typically use flash memory for storage
• Slight delay when taking photos
Examples of Digital Still Cameras
FIGURE 4-21:
Digital still cameras.
Digital Video Cameras (1 of 2)
• Digital video cameras

• Digital camcorders, PC video cameras (PC cams, webcams)
• Built-in and stand-alone cameras
• Store images on digital media (flash memory, DVDs, hard drives, etc.)
Digital Video Cameras (2 of 2)
• Applications FIGURE 4-22: Digital video cameras.

• Live video feeds and
recorded video
• Surveillance
• Video conferences, phone
calls, and Webinars
• Face recognition systems
Source: Sony Electronics Source: Tango

DIGITAL CAMCORDERS INTEGRATED VIDEO CAMERAS
Typically store video on a built-in Commonly used to deliver video
hard drive (as in this camera) or over the Internet, such as during a
on embedded flash memory. video phone call as shown here.
Audio Input
• Audio input
• The process of entering audio data into the computer
• Voice input
• Inputting spoken words and converting them to digital form via microphone or
headset
• Used in conjunction with sound recorder software
• Speech recognition systems enable the device being used to recognize voice
input as spoken words
• Can be used for dictation as well to as to issue commands to the device
• Usually incorporated into smartphones, GPS systems, and other mobile devices
Example of a Speech Recognition System
FIGURE 4-23: Speech recognition system.
Music Input Systems
• Music input systems input music into a FIGURE 4-24: Music input systems.
Musicians can input original compositions into
computer or other device a computer via microphones, MIDI keyboards
• Existing music can be input using CDs and guitars, and other devices.
or a Web download
• For original compositions,
microphones, keyboard controllers, and
guitar controllers can be used to input
music
• Inputted music can be edited, saved,
played, etc.
Display Devices
• Display devices present output visually on some type of screen

• Monitors are display devices typically used with a desktop computer
• Display screens are built into a variety of devices
• Notebook and other portable computers
• Smartphones and mobile devices
• Handheld gaming devices, home entertainment devices, kitchen appliances
• Digital photo frames, e-book readers, smart watches
• Digital signage systems, digital billboards
Examples of Display Devices
FIGURE 4-25: Uses

for display devices.
Display Device Characteristics
• Color versus monochrome FIGURE 4-26: Flat-panel displays.

displays
• Images are formed using
pixels
• Most displays today are color
displays
MULTIPLE MONITOR SETUPS Source: Hewlett-Packard
• C R T versus flat-panel displays Development Company, L.P.
Can be used with a single
• Cathode ray tube (CRT) computer to extend a desktop, SECOND DISPLAY FOR
which can increase productivity. PORTABLE COMPUTERS
displays: large, bulky, and
heavy Can be used to extend the
desktop when needed; this curved
• Flat-panel displays: take up screen has a wider viewing angle
than a traditional display.
less desk space; use less
power
Size, Aspect Ratio, and Screen Resolution
• Size and aspect ratio

• Device size measured diagonally from corner to corner
• Wide variety of sizes available
• Most are wide-screen displays (16:9 aspect ratio)
• Screen resolution
• The number of pixels used on a display determines its resolution
• Affects the amount of information that can be displayed on the screen at one
time
• Can be changed to match users’ preference
Video Adapters, Interfaces, and Ports
• Video cards determine the graphic FIGURE 4-28: A USB to DisplayPort 4K adapter.
capabilities of a computer
• VGA, DVI, and HDMI are the three
most common interfaces to connect
monitors to a computer
• Ports exposed in the system unit
cases connect monitors to computers
• Newer option is to use USB ports
Example of a Video Card
FIGURE 4-27: Video cards. Provide a connection to a monitor, as well as determine video capabilities.
Source: NVIDIA Corporation
Wired, Wireless, and High-Definition Displays
• Wired versus wireless displays

• Wired display are physically connected to the system via a cable
• Wireless displays connect using a wireless network connection (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth)
• High-definition displays
• Most common HD format is 1080p
• Ultra HD (4K) uses about four times as many pixels as 1080p displays
Wireless Displays
FIGURE 4-29: Wireless displays. Display content from a device (such as the
smartphone shown here) to the display via a wireless signal..
Source: HTC
Wearable and Touch Displays
• Wearable displays project images FIGURE 4-30: Smart glasses.

from a mobile device to a display
screen
• Smart glasses
• Touch and gesture capabilities
• Kiosks
• Portable gaming devices
• Smartphones
• Tablets
Source: Recon Instruments; Vuzix

Flat Panel Display Technologies
• Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) use charged liquid crystals between sheets of
glass or plastic
• Requires backlighting
• Light emitting diode (LED) displays use LCD panels and LED backlighting
• Organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays use layers of organic material
• Emit visible light so do not require backlighting
• More energy efficient
• Are thinner and have a wider viewing angle
• Incorporated into many digital cameras, smartphones, TVs, and other consumer
devices
Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Displays
FIGURE 4-31:
How OLED
displays work.
Source: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd

Other Types of OLEDs
• FOLED (Flexible OLED)

• OLED displays built on flexible surfaces such as plastic or metallic foil
• TOLED (Transparent OLED)
• Displays are transparent
• Emit light toward top and bottom of display surface
• PHOLED (Phosphorescent OLED)
• Process that results in much more conversion of electrical energy into light
instead of heat
Examples of Special Types of OLEDs
FIGURE 4-32: Special types of OLEDs.
Source: LG Display TRANSPARENT OLEDS

FLEXIBLE OLEDS Used to create transparent displays.
Used to create flexible displays on plastic or
another type of flexible material.
Inside the Industry
Wearable Holographic Displays

• Project images on top of what the
person wearing the display is
already seeing
• Microsoft HoloLens
• Essentially a head-mounted
computer
• Does not need to connect to a
smartphone or computer to function
Source: Microsoft Corporation

Microsoft HoloLens
Electronic Paper (E-Paper) Displays
• Electronic paper (e-paper) displays FIGURE 4-33: How e-paper works.

use electronic ink (e-ink)
• Used for e-readers and other devices
• Easier to read in direct sunlight
• Content can change wireless
• Only uses power to change images,
not maintain an image
• Can be monochrome or color
Source: E Ink Corporation a subsidiary of E Ink

Holdings, Inc.
AN E-READER
Other Types of Flat Panel Displays
• Interferometric Modulator (IMOD) FIGURE 4-34: IMOD displays.

displays
• Essentially a complex mirror that uses
external light to display images
• Designed initially for mobile phones
and portable devices
• Images are bright and clear, even in
sunlight
• Plasma displays use layers of gas
between two plates of glass
• Being replaced by LCDs
Source: Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Data and Multimedia Projectors
• Data projectors (multimedia projectors) display output from a computer to

a wall or projection screen
• Found in classrooms and conference rooms
• Can be wireless or integrated into devices
• Some contain an iPod dock
• Pico projectors are pocket-size and connect to mobile and portable devices
• Keyboard projectors project virtual keyboards
• 3D projectors can project images used with 3D glasses or holograms
Examples of Data Projectors
FIGURE 4-35: Data projectors.
Source: Epson America, Inc. Source: Philips Communications Source: Celluon

CONVENTIONAL DATA PICO PROJECTORS KEYBOARD PROJECTORS
PROJECTORS
Are very portable; images from the The projector shown here projects a
The projector shown here is ceiling device connected to the projector can virtual keyboard that can be used with
mounted and Wi-Fi-enabled. be displayed on any surface. any Bluetooth-compatible device.
Printers
• Printers produce hard copy

• Impact printers (dot-matrix)
• Print mechanism strikes an inked ribbon to transfer ink to the paper
• Used to produce multipart forms
• Non-impact printers (ink-jet/laser)
• Use liquid ink or toner
• Produce higher quality images
• Much quieter than impact printers
• Can be color or black-and-white printers
Examples of Dot-Matrix and Color Printers
FIGURE 4-36: Dot-matrix printers. FIGURE 4-37: Color printing.

Requires four colors.
Source: InfoPrint Solutions Company
Printer Characteristics
• Print resolution
• Measured in dpi (dots per inch) or images per minute (IPM)
• More dots per inch results in higher quality output
• 300 dpi for general purpose printing; 1,200 dpi for photographs; 2,400 dpi for
professional applications
• Print speed
• Measured in pages per minute (PPM)
• Range from about 15 to 65 ppm
Printer Capabilities
• Personal versus network printers FIGURE 4-39: A multifunction device (MFD).

• Personal printers connect directly
to a single computer
• Network printers connect directly
to a home or an office network;
some can perform cloud printing
• Connection options
• USB connection, wired network,
Wi-Fi, Internet
• Multifunction devices (M FDs) or
all-in-ones
• Copy, fax, scan, print Source: Epson America, Inc.
Cloud Printing
FIGURE 4-38: Cloud printing. Allows you to send documents to a printer via the Internet..
Source: Epson America, Inc.

Laser Printers
• Laser printers use toner powder and technology similar to that of a

photocopier to produce images on paper
• The standard for business documents
• Print one entire page at a time
• Generally faster and have better quality output than ink-jet printers
• Use toner cartridges; toner is transferred to the paper and fused with heat
• Color printers use four toner cartridges
How Color Laser Printers Work
FIGURE 4-40:
Laser printers.
Ink-Jet Printers
• Ink-jet printers spray droplets of ink to produce images on paper

• Use ink cartridges
• Usually print in color
• Often the choice for home use
• Relatively inexpensive with good-quality output
• Print more slowly than laser printers
• Potential applications for the future
• Dispensing liquid metal, computer chips, “printing” human tissue, silk and protein
ink, etc.
How Ink-Jet Printers Work
FIGURE 4-41: How ink-jet

printers work.
Special Purpose Printers
• Barcode printers (print a variety of FIGURE 4-42: RFID printers.

barcodes)
• RFID printers (encode RFID tabs)
• Label printers (print labels and/or
postage)
• Photo printers
• Portable printers (used while on the
go or by service professionals)
Source: Printronix
Integrated and Large-Format Ink-Jet Printers
• Integrated printers (built into FIGURE 4-43: Integrated FIGURE 4-44: Large-format printers.
printers. Are used to print documents that are
a smartphone, digital too large for a standard-sized printer.
camera, etc.)
• Large-format ink-jet printers
(print posters, maps, signs,
blueprints, etc.)
• Sometimes called plotters
• Print up to about 120 inches
Source: Polaroid
in width Source: Hewlett-Packard
Development Company, L.P.
• Some print on fabric
3D Printers
• 3D printers form output in layers to FIGURE 4-45: 3D printers. Can print using a
variety of materials (plastic is shown here).
build a 3D version of the desired
output
• Can print using plastic, metal, ceramic,
wood, glass, sugar, etc.
• Additive manufacturing
• Print customized objects on demand
• Personal products
• Medical products
• Prototypes or custom parts
• Can contain moving parts
• Issues such as 3D-printed weapons Source: Type A Machines
Audio Output (1 of 2)
• Audio output includes voice, music, and other audible sounds

• Common audio output devices
• Computer speakers
• Headphones, headsets, and earbuds
Audio Output (2 of 2)
FIGURE 4-46: Audio output devices.
Source: Altec Lansing/A L Infinity, LLC Source: Mova Systems S AS Source: Altec Lansing/A L Infinity, LLC
COMPUTER SPEAKERS PORTABLE SPEAKERS EARBUDS
Used to output sound from a computer. Connect wirelessly to output sound Used to deliver sound from a
from a smartphone or tablet. smartphone or other mobile device to
one individual.
Summary
• Keyboards
• Pointing and Touch Devices
• Scanners, Readers, and Digital Cameras
• Audio Input
• Display Devices
• Printers
• Audio Output
Quick Quiz 1
1. Touch mice __________.

a. support finger swipes and gestures
b. navigate by a process called inking
c. contain a scroll wheel on the top
2. True or False: With handwriting recognition, handwritten text can be

converted to editable text.
3. On-screen forms that can convert handwritten text into editable typed text
are called __________.
Quick Quiz 2
1. Which technology is used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate

check processing?
a. OCR
b. MICR
c. OMR
2. True or False: One disadvantage of digital cameras is the slight delay
between when the user presses the button and when the camera takes
the photo.
3. A voice input system typically requires software and a(n) __________ in
order to input voice data or commands into a computer.
Quick Quiz 3
1. Which display devices takes up the largest amount of room on a desk?

a. CRT monitor
b. OLED display
c. LCD display
2. True or False: Laser printers can only print in black and white.
3. 3D printers typically form output in layers with a process known as
__________ manufacturing.
Answers to Quick Quiz
1. Answers:
1) a; 2) True; 3) digital forms
2. Answers:
1) b; 2) True; 3) microphone
3. Answers:
1) a; 2) False; 3) additive

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Chapter 4

Input and Output

• Explain the purpose of a computer keyboard and the types of keyboards

• Describe the characteristics of a display device and explain some of the

• This chapter covers:

• A keyboard is an input device used to enter characters at the location

• Mobile devices often use:

FIGURE 4-2: Keyboards for mobile devices.

Source: Nuance Source: Logitech Source: Whirlscape

• Pointing devices are used to:

FIGURE 4-3: Mice. FIGURE 4-4:

TRADITIONAL MICE Source: Logitech

• A stylus is a pen-like device used to draw or write electronically on the

• Pen input is often used with mobile devices and tablets

• Digital writing systems are pen-based systems that capture handwritten

FIGURE 4-7: Other uses for digital pens.

Source: Livescribe, Inc. Source: Wacom Company SIGNATURE CAPTURE DEVICES

FIGURE 4-8: Touch screens.

PERSONAL Source: Amazon.com, Inc. Source: Microsoft Source: Lenovo

• A scanner (optical scanner) is an input device that captures an image of an

FIGURE 4-11: Scanners.

FLATBED SCANNERS Source: Wizcomtech LTD PORTABLE 3D SCANNERS

• Quality of scanned images FIGURE 4-12: Scanning resolution.

• Barcodes are machine-readable optical codes that represent data as a set

FIGURE 4-13: Barcodes and

Source: Motorola Solutions

FIGURE 4-14: Barcode readers.

FIXED BARCODE READERS PORTABLE BARCODE READERS INTEGRATED BARCODE

• Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a technology that stores, reads,

• Used for a variety of applications FIGURE 4-15: R F I D tags.

• Near Field Communications (NFC) is a short-range wireless

FIGURE 4-16: RFID and NFC applications.

FIGURE 4-16: RFID and NFC applications (continued)

Source: MasterCard Worldwide Source: teamaxess.com

Source: Scantron Corporation

Mobile Payments and Digital Wallets

• Biometric readers are used to FIGURE 4-20: Biometric readers.

• Digital cameras take pictures and records them as digital images

• Digital video cameras

• Applications FIGURE 4-22: Digital video cameras.

Source: Sony Electronics Source: Tango

• Display devices present output visually on some type of screen

FIGURE 4-25: Uses

• Color versus monochrome FIGURE 4-26: Flat-panel displays.

• Size and aspect ratio

Source: NVIDIA Corporation

• Wired versus wireless displays

• Wearable displays project images FIGURE 4-30: Smart glasses.

Source: Recon Instruments; Vuzix

Source: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd

• FOLED (Flexible OLED)

FIGURE 4-32: Special types of OLEDs.

Source: LG Display TRANSPARENT OLEDS

Wearable Holographic Displays

Source: Microsoft Corporation

• Electronic paper (e-paper) displays FIGURE 4-33: How e-paper works.

Source: E Ink Corporation a subsidiary of E Ink

• Interferometric Modulator (IMOD) FIGURE 4-34: IMOD displays.

• Data projectors (multimedia projectors) display output from a computer to

FIGURE 4-35: Data projectors.