Leaching Reviewer: Cpmonterola

Leaching Reviewer
CPMonterola
LEACHING OF METALS
• 1. Gold is leached using aqueous sodium cyanide

solution.
• 2. Copper is leached using sulfuric acid solution.

EISNER REACTION
• 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 Na[Au(CN)2] + 4 NaOH
John Stewart Mac Arthur discover

the gold extraction using cyanide
in 1886.
LEACHING OF BIOLOGICAL
SUBSTANCES
• 1. “instant coffee” production
• 2. tea
• 3. oils from peanuts etc.
• 4. pharmaceutical products from leaves, roots barks.

RATE DETERMINING STEP (RDS)
• The diffusion of the solute into the surface of the solid is generally the
RDS.
METHODS OF OPERATION IN
LEACHING
• 1. Batch- metal ores are generally leached in batches. Copper is

extracted using sulfuric acid in batches.
• 2. Continuous- generally done in countercurrent setup.

BOLLMAN EXTRACTOR
Uses a perforated
basket.
Half miscella
Full miscella
BOLLMAN EXTRACTOR
2. MOVING BED LEACHING
Hilderbrandt
Extractor.
Contain 3 screw type

conveyor.
Arranged in U
shape.
The solvent flows

countercurrently
3. COUNTERCURRENT
LEACHING USING THICKENER
Fresh solvent, solid feeds and slowly rotating rakes.

ASSUMPTIONS IN LEACHING CALCULATIONS
(IDEAL LEACHING)
• 1. An operating line equation is also the material balance line equation.
• 2. The inert solid is insoluble in the solvent.
• 3. All the solute is dissolved by the solvent in the first stage.

ASSUMPTIONS IN LEACHING CALCULATIONS
(IDEAL LEACHING)
• 4. The time is sufficient for all solute to dissolve in the first

stage.
• 5. No solute remains adsorb by the inert solid in the first stage.

(consequence: the concentration of the solution leaving the solid
is equal to the concentration of the solution adhering to the
solid).
• 6. It is not possible to remove all the liquid from the solid.

UNDERFLOW
Underflow is the solid liquid stream.
Also known as slurry stream.
X
OVERFLOW
• Overflow is the “oil-solvent solution”.
•Y
UPD QUIZ CONTEST
Neem Oil is a traditional plant product which possesses spermicidal properties. A group of
students working on their investigatory project wanted to test how effective the said oil
was as a contraceptive by using it as a component for contraceptives. The students were
able to gather 5.0 kg of Neem Tree Seeds that contains 30.0% of soluble oil and 70.0% of
inert solids and they decided to use 5.0 kg of pure hexane to extract the oil. What
percentage of oil will they be able to recover given that the ratio of the liquid to solid
components in the underflow is 0.60? Assume ideal leaching and answer in 4 significant
figures.
ANSWER
ABSORPTION FACTOR METHOD
PAGE 18-66 PERRY 8TH ED.
Case I N is kg solid/ kg solution concentrations is in terms of

kg solute/ kg solution.
Case II N is kg solid/ kg solvent concentration is in terms of

kg solute/ kg solvent.
Case 1 Situational old Board Problem Leaching
100 kg of seeds, containing 30 per cent by mass of oil, are extracted in a

countercurrent plant, and 88 percent of the oil is recovered in a solution containing
55 percent by mass of oil. The seeds are extracted with fresh solvent and 1 kg of
solution is removed in the underflow in association with every 1.5 kg of insoluble
matter,
1. The amount of solvent in final extract is approximately equal to
a. 26.4 kg b. 21.6 kg c. 46.67 kg d. 43.07 kg
2. The amount of solvent in final underflow is approximately equal to
a. 26.4 kg b. 21.6 kg c. 46.67 kg d. 43.07 kg
3. The concentration of oil in the solvent stream for stage 1, Ya, is approximately
equal to ____
a. 0.55 b. 0.08 c. 0.18 d. 0.34
4. How many ideal stages are required?
a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10
By extraction with kerosene with 0.05 lb wax per 100 lb kerosene, 2

tons of waxed paper per day is to be dewaxed in a continuous
countercurrent extraction system that contains a number of ideal
stages. The waxed paper contains, by weight, 25 percent paraffin wax
and 75 percent paper pulp. The extracted pulp is put through a dryer
to evaporate the kerosene. The pulp, which retains the unextracted
wax after evaporation, must not contain over 0.2 lbs wax per 100 lbs
of wax-free kerosene-free pulp. Experiment show that the pulp retains
2.0 lb of kerosene per lb of kerosene and wax-free pulp as it is
transferred from cell to cell. The extract from the battery is to contain
5 lb of wax per 100 lb of wax free kerosene. Calculate the following
per 100 lb of wax-free kerosene-free pulp,
1. The kerosene in the exhausted pulp is equal to
a. 150 lb b. 200 lb c. 117 lb d. 212 lb
2. The kerosene in the strong solution is equal to

a. 561 lb b. 651 lb c. 761 lb d. 671 lb
3. The wax in the strong solution is equal to
b.35.35 lb b. 33.55 lb c. 55.33 lb d. 53.53 lb
4. The wax in the underflow to unit 2 is equal to
c. 8 lb b. 10 lb c. 12 lb d. 14 lb
5. The wax in the overflow from the second cell to
the first is
d.10.22 lb b. 11.12 lb c. 12.11 lb d. 13.19 lb
6. The total number of ideal stages is equal to
e.3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
2 STAGE LEACHING PROBLEM
• In a salt recovery plant, rock salt is being leached to produce
industrial salt in a continuous countercurrent system
consisting of 2 ideal stages using water as leaching medium.
The average composition of the rock salt is inerts = 70%,
soluble salt = 25% and moisture = 5%, all percentage by
weight. The underflow from each stage contain 0.3 kg
solution per kg of inert solid. The plant leaches 50 MT of
rock salt per day using 50 MT of water.
• The quantity of soluble salt recovered in MT/day is
• A. 12.1 B. 13.1 C. 14 D. 11.2
• The composition of salt in weight percent in the final
underflow is
• A. 0.89% B. 0.98% C. 0.78% D. 0.68%

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Leaching Reviewer

• 1. Gold is leached using aqueous sodium cyanide

• 2. Copper is leached using sulfuric acid solution.

• 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O2 + 2 H2O → 4 Na[Au(CN)2] + 4 NaOH

John Stewart Mac Arthur discover

• 3. oils from peanuts etc.

• 4. pharmaceutical products from leaves, roots barks.

• 1. Batch- metal ores are generally leached in batches. Copper is

• 2. Continuous- generally done in countercurrent setup.

Contain 3 screw type

The solvent flows

Fresh solvent, solid feeds and slowly rotating rakes.

• 1. An operating line equation is also the material balance line equation.

• 2. The inert solid is insoluble in the solvent.

• 3. All the solute is dissolved by the solvent in the first stage.

• 4. The time is sufficient for all solute to dissolve in the first

• 5. No solute remains adsorb by the inert solid in the first stage.

• 6. It is not possible to remove all the liquid from the solid.

Underflow is the solid liquid stream.

Also known as slurry stream.

Case I N is kg solid/ kg solution concentrations is in terms of

Case II N is kg solid/ kg solvent concentration is in terms of

100 kg of seeds, containing 30 per cent by mass of oil, are extracted in a

By extraction with kerosene with 0.05 lb wax per 100 lb kerosene, 2

2. The kerosene in the strong solution is equal to

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