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    EAP14 Argument Counter Argument Muslim Suardi

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    Triliza Avriani
    This document provides guidance on structuring arguments and counterarguments, as well as techniques for disagreeing with others. It begins by outlining the structure of an argument, including introducing the topic, stating your opinion, explaining what you will prove, providing reasons and evidence for your argument, addressing counterarguments, and concluding without repeating your opinion. Next, it lists words that can be used to link arguments, such as "firstly," "moreover," and "finally." The document then discusses techniques for criticizing mistakes politely or jokingly versus critically. It concludes by presenting expressions for disagreeing with others at different levels of directness, from more polite phrases to more blunt rebuttals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    EAP14 Argument Counter Argument Muslim Suardi

    Uploaded by

    Triliza Avriani
    24 views30 pages
    This document provides guidance on structuring arguments and counterarguments, as well as techniques for disagreeing with others. It begins by outlining the structure of an argument, including introducing the topic, stating your opinion, explaining what you will prove, providing reasons and evidence for your argument, addressing counterarguments, and concluding without repeating your opinion. Next, it lists words that can be used to link arguments, such as "firstly," "moreover," and "finally." The document then discusses techniques for criticizing mistakes politely or jokingly versus critically. It concludes by presenting expressions for disagreeing with others at different levels of directness, from more polite phrases to more blunt rebuttals.

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    EAP14 Argument Counter Argument Muslim Suardi

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    This document provides guidance on structuring arguments and counterarguments, as well as techniques for disagreeing with others. It begins by outlining the structure of an argument, including introducing the topic, stating your opinion, explaining what you will prove, providing reasons and evidence for your argument, addressing counterarguments, and concluding without repeating your opinion. Next, it lists words that can be used to link arguments, such as "firstly," "moreover," and "finally." The document then discusses techniques for criticizing mistakes politely or jokingly versus critically. It concludes by presenting expressions for disagreeing with others at different levels of directness, from more polite phrases to more blunt rebuttals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views30 pages

    EAP14 Argument Counter Argument Muslim Suardi

    Uploaded by

    Triliza Avriani
    This document provides guidance on structuring arguments and counterarguments, as well as techniques for disagreeing with others. It begins by outlining the structure of an argument, including introducing the topic, stating your opinion, explaining what you will prove, providing reasons and evidence for your argument, addressing counterarguments, and concluding without repeating your opinion. Next, it lists words that can be used to link arguments, such as "firstly," "moreover," and "finally." The document then discusses techniques for criticizing mistakes politely or jokingly versus critically. It concludes by presenting expressions for disagreeing with others at different levels of directness, from more polite phrases to more blunt rebuttals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Argument & Counter-

    Argument
    Adopted from Baetty
    Language Centre – Andalas University
    UEfAP Speaking in Academic
    Contexts_files\funcfram_files
    \argue.htm
    Introduce the topic briefly in general terms,
    & then state your own opinion.
    Explain what you plan to prove in the talk.

    Give your reasons against the argument.


    Dispose briefly of the main objections to your
    case. Provide evidence & your reasons.
    Give your reasons for your argument,
    the arguments to support your own view,
    with evidence, reasons & examples.

    Conclusion
    Do not repeat your opinion again.
    End your talk with something memorable
    e.g. a quotation or a direct question.
    Word List on
    Linking Arguments

    • First of all, I think …


    • Not only that, but I also think that …
    • Not only are they …, they are also …
    • They are not …, nor are they …
    • There are various/several/many
    reasons for this.
    Word List on
    Linking Arguments
    • First, … / Firstly, …
    • Second, … / Secondly, …
    • Moreover, … / Furthermore, … / In
    addition, …
    • Another significant point is that …
    • Finally, …
    • On the one hand, … On the other hand,
    …
    • In contrast to this is …
    • Because of …
    • That is why …
    • After all, …
    • The reason is that …
    • In that respect …
    • The result of this is that …
    • Another aspect/point is that …
    • It is because …
    • Although it is true that … it would be
    wrong to claim that …
    • That may sometimes be true, but …
    • One could argue that …, but …
    Providing Examples

    • Take for example (the case of) …


    • Look at …
    • For instance … / For example …
    • Let me give you an example.
    Additions & Conclusion

    • Most probably …
    • It appears to be …
    • It is important to mention that...
    • As I already indicated …
    • In other words, …
    • I am most concerned about …
    Additions & Conclusion
    • I should like to repeat once again
    that …
    • I should like to emphasize that …
    • I would (just) like to add …
    • So all in all I believe that...
    • (In) summing up it can be said that
    …
    • Weighing the pros and cons, I come
    to the conclusion that …
    Criticising Mistakes
    Ten Expressions

    Ten Expressions to Use In


    Speaking & Writing
    Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking
    & Writing
    1. That wasn't very clever.
    2. What were you thinking of?

    Phrases 1 & 2 are quite critical. Depending on


    the intonation they could be friendly criticism
    (big changes in pitch) or a harsh scolding (flatter
    intonation).
    Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking
    & Writing
    3. I bet you wish you hadn't done that.
    4. Why on Earth did you go and do that?

    Phrases 3 & 4 are quite critical but almost


    certainly friendly or joking in tone. To achieve
    this effect, apply strong rise-fall intonation to
    'bet' in phrase 3 & 'Earth' in phrase 4.
    Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking
    & Writing
    5. You made a right mess of that.

    Phrase 5 is strongly critical & with flat intonation,


    not at all friendly.
    Using this phrase wrongly can offend people.
    Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking
    & Writing
    6. I wouldn't do that again (in a hurry)
    7. Oops
    Phrases 6 & 7 are nearly always friendly in tone.
    In phrase 6, 'that' is stressed with strong rise-fall
    intonation.
    In phrase 7, 'to' of 'total' is stressed strongly &
    with flat intonation this can sound quite
    rude/harsh. A rise-fall intonation on this syllable
    makes it sound more friendly/homorous.
    Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking
    & Writing

    8. What a total disaster


    Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking
    & Writing
    9. You put your foot in it (there)
    10.That was a bit uncalled for.

    Phrases 9 & 10 are criticising something that


    somebody said.
    Phrase 9 is criticising indiscretion & Phrase 10 is
    saying that something you said was offensive or
    rude.
    Ten Expressions to Use In Speaking & Writing

    Phrases 1 and 2 are quite critical. Depending


    on the intonation they could be friendly
    1. That wasn't very clever. criticism (big changes in pitch) or a harsh
    scolding (flatter intonation).
    2. What were you thinking of? Phrases 3 and 4 are quite critical but almost
    3. I bet you wish you hadn't done certainly friendly or joking in tone. To achieve
    this effect, apply strong rise-fall intonation to
    that. 'bet' in phrase 3 and 'Earth' in phrase 4.
    Phrase 5 is strongly critical and with flat
    4. Why on Earth did you go and intonation, not at all friendly. Using this phrase
    do that? wrongly can offend people.
    Phrases 6 and 7 are nearly always friendly in
    5. You made a right mess of that. tone. In phrase 6, 'that' is stressed with strong
    6. I wouldn't do that again (in a rise-fall intonation.
    In phrase 7, 'to' of 'total' is stressed strongly
    hurry) and with flat intonation this can sound quite
    rude / harsh. A rise-fall intonation on this
    7. Oops syllable makes it sound more friendly /
    8. What a total disaster homorous.
    Phrases 9 and 10 are criticising something that
    9. You put your foot in it (there) somebody said. Phrase 9 is criticising
    10. That was a bit uncalled for. indiscretion and phrase 10 is saying that
    something you said was offensive or rude.
    Disagreeing with People

    Sometimes people give an opinion and you


    don't agree with it.
    We have many ways to show disagreement in
    English.
    Here are ten of them.
    Disagreeing with People
    1. I'm not sure about that!
    2. You could be right, but...

    Phrases 1 & 2 are quite polite & not too direct in


    saying you disagree.
    Disagreeing with People
    3. (I'm afraid) I don't agree.

    Phrase 3 is neutral. We use 'I'm afraid' to soften it


    and make it less aggressive to the other speaker.
    Disagreeing with People
    4. I agree up to a point, but..
    5. That's an interesting idea, but..

    Phrases 4 & 5 are showing partial agreement with


    the other speaker but both are followed with the
    second speaker's (different) ideas.
    Disagreeing with People
    6. Do you really think..?

    Phrase 6 is used to question how the other


    speaker could really think something that you
    think is completely wrong.
    Disagreeing with People
    7. Rubbish! / Nonsense!
    8. You can't be serious!

    Phrases 7 & 8 are saying that the other speaker is


    completely wrong in a very direct, blunt way.
    Disagreeing with People
    9. Actually, as a matter of fact. I think..
    10. That's not how I see it.
    Phrases 1 and 2 are quite polite
    and not too direct in saying you
    1. I'm not sure about that! disagree.
    2. You could be right, but... Phrase 3 is neutral. We use 'I'm
    3. (I'm afraid) I don't agree. afraid' to soften it and make it
    4. I agree up to a point, but.. less aggressive to the other
    speaker.
    5. That's an interesting idea,
    Phrases 4 and 5 are showing
    but.. partial agreement with the other
    6. Do you really think..? speaker but both are followed
    7. Rubbish! / Nonsense! with the second speaker's
    (different) ideas.
    8. You can't be serious!
    Phrase 6 is used to question how
    9. Actually, as a matter of the other speaker could really
    fact. I think.. think something that you think is
    10. That's not how I see it. completely wrong.
    Phrases 7 and 8 are saying that
    the other speaker is completely
    wrong in a very direct, blunt way.
    Giving an Opinion

    It is very important to show people when you


    are saying an opinion and show that it is not a
    fact.
    Giving an opinion as a fact is not very polite in
    the UK.
    With compliments of Ms Baetty

    I would like to express my special thanks for


    Ms Baetty
    Language Centre University of Andalas.

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