mobile communication using the IP protocol is addressing.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 4
Topics Discussed in the Section Stationary Host Mobile Host
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 5
Note
The IP addresses are designed to work
with stationary hosts because part of the address defines the network to which the host is attached.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 6
Figure 10.1 Home address and care-of address
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7
Note
Mobile IP has two addresses for a
mobile host: one home address and one care-of address.
The home address is permanent;
the care-of address changes as the mobile host moves from one network to another.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 8
10-2 AGENTS
To make the change of address transparent to the rest
of the Internet requires a home agent and a foreign agent.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 9
Topics Discussed in the Section Home Agent Foreign Agent
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 10
Figure 10.2 Home agent and foreign agent
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 11
Note
When the mobile host and the foreign
agent are the same, the care-of address is called a colocated care-of address.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 12
10-3 THREE PHASES
To communicate with a remote host, a mobile host
goes through three phases: agent discovery, registration, and data transfer. The first phase, agent discovery, involves the mobile host, the foreign agent, and the home agent. The second phase, registration, also involves the mobile host and the two agents. Finally, in the third phase, the remote host is also involved. We discuss each phase separately.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 13
Topics Discussed in the Section Agent Discovery Registration Data Transfer
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 14
Figure 10.3 Remote host and mobile host configuration
Mobile host Mobile host when at home Home agent Foreign agent after move Remote host
Time Time Time Time Time
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 15 Note
Mobile IP does not use a new packet
type for agent advertisement; it uses the router advertisement packet of ICMP, and appends an agent advertisement message.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 16
Figure 10.4 Agent advertisement
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 17
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 18 Note
Mobile IP does not use a new packet
type for agent solicitation; it uses the router solicitation packet of ICMP.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 19
Figure 10.5 Registration request format
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 20
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 21 Figure 10.6 Registration reply format
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 22
Note
A registration request or reply is sent by
UDP using the well-known port 434.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 23
Figure 10.7 Data transfer
Home network Mobile host Remote network original home Remote host Home agent 1
4 2 Internet
Foreign agent 3 Mobile host Foreign network
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 24
Note
The movement of the mobile host is
transparent to the rest of the Internet.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 25
10-4 INEFFICIENCY IN MOBILE IP
Communication involving mobile IP can be inefficient.
The inefficiency can be severe or moderate. The severe case is called double crossing or 2X . The moderate case is called triangle routing or dog-leg routing.
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 26
Topics Discussed in the Section Double Crossing Triangle Routing Solution
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 27
Figure 10.8 Double crossing
Foreign network Remote Mobile host host Could-be Home path network 1
Internet Home Foreign agent agent 2
TCP/IP Protocol Suite 28
Figure 10.9 Triangle routing
Remote Home host network Home 1 agent
Internet 2 Remote network Could-be Foreign path agent 3 Mobile host
