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Presentation On "Wireless Power Transmission"

The document discusses wireless power transmission (WPT) through microwaves. It provides an introduction and history of WPT, describes the components and methods of WPT systems including rectennas, and discusses advantages like efficiency but also disadvantages like high implementation costs and potential health effects. Applications mentioned include powering vehicles and satellites through wireless transmission without wires or batteries.

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Vanitha Gowda
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103 views31 pages

Presentation On "Wireless Power Transmission"

The document discusses wireless power transmission (WPT) through microwaves. It provides an introduction and history of WPT, describes the components and methods of WPT systems including rectennas, and discusses advantages like efficiency but also disadvantages like high implementation costs and potential health effects. Applications mentioned include powering vehicles and satellites through wireless transmission without wires or batteries.

Uploaded by

Vanitha Gowda
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation on

“Wireless Power Transmission”


 Introduction
 History of Wireless Power Transmission.
 Methods of WPT.
 Components of WPT.
 Advantages, disadvantages & biological

impacts.
 Conclusion.
 One of the major issue in power system is the losses
occurs during the transmission and distribution of
electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the
power generation increases & the power loss is also
increased.
 The main reason for power loss during transmission and
distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid.
 The efficiency of power transmission can be improved to
certain level by using high strength composite over head
conductors & underground cables that use high
temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still
inefficient.
 According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), India’s
electricity grid has the highest transmission and
distribution losses in the world – its around 27%. Numbers
published by various Indian government agencies put that
number at 30%, 40% and greater than 40%. This is
attributed to technical losses (grid’s inefficiencies) and
theft.
 The above problem can be solved by choosing an
alternative option for power transmission which could
provide much higher efficiency, low transmission cost and
avoid power theft.
 Microwave Power Transmission is one of the promising
technologies and may be the righteous alternative for
efficient power transmission.
Wireless Power Transmission is the concept of
transmitting power without using wires i.e., transmitting
power as microwaves from one place to another is in
order to reduce the transmission and distribution losses.
This concept is known as Microwave Power
transmission.
 Reliable.
 Efficient.
 Low maintenance cost.
 Free from power failures,
that occur due to faults.
 Power can be transmitted
to any place.
 1856-1943
 Innovations:
◦ Wireless power
transmission experiments
at Wardenclyffe.

◦ Tesla researched ways to


transmit power wirelessly
over long distances (via
transverse waves, to a
lesser extent, and, more
readily, longitudinal
waves).
 In 1893, Tesla demonstrated the
illumination of vacuum bulbs
without using wires for power
transmission at the World
Columbian Exposition in
Chicago.

 In 1899, it was able to light


lamps over 40 miles away
without using wires. High
frequency current, of a Tesla
coil, could light lamps filled
with gas (like neon).

The Wardenclyffe tower,


designed by Tesla mainly for
wireless power transmission
 In the transmission side, the microwave power source
generates microwave power and the output power is
controlled by electronic control circuits.

 The wave guide circulator which protects the


microwave source from reflected power is connected
with the microwave power source through the Coax –
Waveguide Adaptor (communication cable).
 The tuner matches the impedance between the
transmitting antenna and the microwave source.

 The attenuated signals will be then separated based


on the direction of signal propagation by Directional
Coupler.

 The transmitting antenna radiates the power


uniformly through free space to the rectenna.
 In the receiving side, a rectenna receives the
transmitted power and converts the microwave power
into DC power.

 The impedance matching circuit and filter is provided


to setting the output impedance of a signal source
equal to the rectifying circuit.

 The rectifying circuit consists of Schottky barrier


diodes converts the received microwave power into
DC power.
 Frequency 2.45 GHz microwave beam.
 Retro directive beam control capability.
 Power level is well below international safety standard.
 The FDA has established microwave radiation
exposure levels greater than 5mw/cm2 to be dangerous.
“An antenna comprising a mesh of dipoles and diodes for
absorbing microwave energy from a transmitter and
converting it into electric power.”

 Microwaves are received with about 85% efficiency

 Around 5km across (3.1 miles)

 95% of the beam will fall on the rectenna


Commonly used rectenna is
‘wire mesh reflector’

 Built on a rigid frame


above the ground
 Visually transparent so
that it would not interfere
with radio waves.
 Rectifying antenna are
usually made an array of wire mesh reflector
dipole antenna.
 Size
◦ Miles across

 Location
◦ Near population center

 Health and environmental side effects


◦ Microwaves or lasers would be dangerous, if its
intensity increases the standard limit.
 This is the first
method used for
wireless power
transfer.

 Since magnetic field


spreads in all
direction, making a
large wastage of
energy.
 By using resonant
induction one coil can
send electricity to
several receiving coils
as long as they all
resonate at same
frequency.
Vision on WPT development
 Microwave  Laser
◦ More developed ◦ Recently developed
◦ High efficiency up to ◦ Efficiency is up to 40-
85% 50%
◦ Beams is far below the ◦ Conform to limits on
lethal levels of eye and skin damage
concentration even for a ◦ As with microwave
prolonged exposure beaming, this method
◦ Cause interference with requires a direct line
communication waves. of sight with the target
 Wireless Power Transmission system would
completely eliminates the existing high-tension
power transmission line cables, towers and sub
stations between the generating station and
consumers and facilitates the interconnection of
electrical generation plants on a global scale.
 Power can be beamed to the location where it is
needed, don’t have to invest in large as in the case of
grid.
 The cost of transmission and distribution become less
and the cost of electrical energy for the consumer also
would be reduced.
 Loss of transmission is negligible level in the
Wireless Power Transmission; therefore, the
efficiency of this method is very much higher than
the wired transmission.

 The power failure due to short circuit and fault on


cables would never exist in the transmission and
power theft would be not possible at all.

 Even mobile transmitters and receivers can be chosen


for the WPT system.
 The Capital Cost for practical implementation of
Wireless Power Transmission seems to be very high.

 The other disadvantage of the concept is interference


of microwave with the present communication
systems.

 The size of construction for the rectenna is massive


and also implementation complexity.
 The best understood biological effect of
electromagnetic fields is to cause dielectric heating.
For example, touching or standing around an antenna
while a high-power transmitter is in operation can
cause severe burns.

 Common beliefs fear the effect of microwave


radiation. But the studies in this domain repeatedly
proves that the microwave radiation level would be
never higher than the dose received while opening the
microwave oven door.
 Generating power by placing satellites with giant solar
arrays in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit and transmitting
the power as microwaves to the earth known as Solar
Power Satellites (SPS) is the largest application of WPT.

 Another application of WPT is moving targets such as


fuel free airplanes, fuel free electric vehicles, moving
robots and fuel free rockets, wireless sensors and RF
Power Adaptive Rectifying Circuits (PARC).

 By the use of WPT there is no need of batteries or


remembering to recharge batteries periodically.
 This concept offers greater possibilities for transmitting
power with negligible losses and ease of transmission
than any invention made before.

 Reduces the cost of transmission and distribution and


the cost of electrical energy for the consumer also
would be reduced.

 This also benefits the intercontinental power providers.

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