Absorption of Gases can remove selective components from a gas mixture by dissolving them into a liquid solvent. Common equipment for absorption includes packed columns, tray columns, and spray columns. Packed columns provide a large contact area between phases using structured or random packing. Packing factors and height of transfer units (HTU, HETP) are used to measure a packing's effectiveness. The height of an absorption column can be calculated using material balances that relate the change in composition across differential elements to the mass transfer driving force and overall mass transfer coefficient. The number of transfer units (NTU) represents the difficulty of separation and is used to determine the minimum column height.
Absorption of Gases can remove selective components from a gas mixture by dissolving them into a liquid solvent. Common equipment for absorption includes packed columns, tray columns, and spray columns. Packed columns provide a large contact area between phases using structured or random packing. Packing factors and height of transfer units (HTU, HETP) are used to measure a packing's effectiveness. The height of an absorption column can be calculated using material balances that relate the change in composition across differential elements to the mass transfer driving force and overall mass transfer coefficient. The number of transfer units (NTU) represents the difficulty of separation and is used to determine the minimum column height.
Absorption of Gases can remove selective components from a gas mixture by dissolving them into a liquid solvent. Common equipment for absorption includes packed columns, tray columns, and spray columns. Packed columns provide a large contact area between phases using structured or random packing. Packing factors and height of transfer units (HTU, HETP) are used to measure a packing's effectiveness. The height of an absorption column can be calculated using material balances that relate the change in composition across differential elements to the mass transfer driving force and overall mass transfer coefficient. The number of transfer units (NTU) represents the difficulty of separation and is used to determine the minimum column height.
Absorption of Gases can remove selective components from a gas mixture by dissolving them into a liquid solvent. Common equipment for absorption includes packed columns, tray columns, and spray columns. Packed columns provide a large contact area between phases using structured or random packing. Packing factors and height of transfer units (HTU, HETP) are used to measure a packing's effectiveness. The height of an absorption column can be calculated using material balances that relate the change in composition across differential elements to the mass transfer driving force and overall mass transfer coefficient. The number of transfer units (NTU) represents the difficulty of separation and is used to determine the minimum column height.
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Absorption and Stripping of Gases
Absorption of Gases: It is a removal of one or more selected components from a mixture of
gases by absorption into a suitable liquid such as acetone can be recovered from an acetone– air mixture by passing the gas stream into water in which the acetone dissolves while the air passes out.
Equipment
(1) Packed column
(2) Tray column (3) Spray column (4) Sparged tank Packed column Tray column Spray columns The packed column: It is provide large interfacial area of contact as Structured packing possible between the phases. Random packing
corrosion-resistant plastic
Metal gauze **Packing factor was defined as the packing's surface area per unit volume, divided by the cube of the packing void fraction: Fp = a/ε3 HTU: The height of a transfer unit is a measure of the separation effectiveness of the particular packing for a particular separation process. HETP: height equivalent of a theoretical plate or Packed Height per Stage. Calculation of the column height
Solute balance over all differential element δz
In = out + accumulation
δz
A = a.S.δz A = contact area (m2) S = cross section area of tower (m2) a = specific surface area of packing (m2/m3) Or Z = HOG.NOG Similarly, on the liquid side:
In term of individual coefficients:
Hg = height of individual gas phase transfer unit (m) HL = ″ ″ ″ liquid ″ ″ ″ ″ HOG = height of over all gas transfer unit (m) = HTUOG HOL = ″ ″ ″ ″ liquid ″ ″ ″ Ng = number of individual gas phase transfer unit (-) NL = ″ ″ ″ liquid ″ ″ ″ ″ NOG = number of over all gas transfer unit (-) = NTUOG [integrated value of change in composition per unit deriving force: represent the difficulty of separation] NOL = ″ ″ ″ ″ liquid ″ ″ ″ KOG.a = Overall mass transfer coefficient (kmol/m3s.kpa) P = total pressure Z = height of column (m) Calculation of NOG
(1) Linear equilibrium relation, Henry’s law hold
Solute balance between the top of the tower and a typical point
In = Out
Lm X2 + Gm Y = Lm X + Gm Y2 This equation is plotted in the following figure. (2) Non-linear equilibrium relation where the data is tabulated Minimum liquid flow (Lm) min or (Lm/Gm)min The minimum liquid flow Lmin occurs when the exit liquid stream is in equilibrium with the inlet gas, i.e. when X1 and Y1 are in equilibrium; If the relation is non-linear → X1* is found from figure.
