Automatic Transfer Switch Principle

A. CONFIGURATION IN NORMAL MODE OPERATION

T1 T2

INC. A INC. B
SEL S/W ATS S/W COS S/W
L R OFF ON A B C
A
B
NC
ATS
NC ATS
VA1 VB1
INITIATE INITIATE
C
TR-FAULT TR-FAULT
UPSTREAM UPSTREAM
FAULT BUS #A BUS #B FAULT
NO
BUS ‘B’ ATS – A ATS – B BUS ‘A’
U<70%Un 25 (Synch) 25 (Synch) U<70%Un
DL/DB 30% Un DL/DB 30% Un
ATS BLOCK VA2 ATS BLOCK
LL/LB 95% UN VB2 LL/LB 95% UN
BUS-FAULT U< 70% Un U< 70% Un BUS-FAULT
50/50N 50/50N
FAULT FAULT
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
SELECTION SELECTION

52a 52b 52b 52a

Figure 1. Normal Mode Operation

 Configuration in Normal Mode Operation

A1. Switchboard A/B is composed of :

» Two Incoming breakers A and B are in close position.

» Two single busbars Bus #A and Bus #B
» Tie breaker C in open position.
» Four sets VTs as shown in the SLD (VA1, VA2, VB1 and VB2).
» ATS device (Micom P143) 2 pcs.
A2. Operation Mode.

»The user on each bus is feed from Incomer A and Incomer B respectively.
Bus #A and Bus #B are normally synchronized, because the incomer A and B
coming from the same source (the upper system are in synchronize condition)
and checked by ATS Device through sync. check function. In case of two
sources are different and running on their own loads, the voltage, frequency
and phase of the power wave form can be slightly different.
» A sync. check function will avoid any attempt to parallel at unsynchronized system

3
 Operation Sequence – Auto Transfer (ATS)

B1. Auto Transfer (ATS).

The auto transfer scheme will operate when the respectively bus are free
from any fault.
B1.1 Incomer B loss of power.
(a). This situation will be detected by ATS-A Device which is initiated by
Transformer Fault, Upstream fault or UV 70% Un from ATS Device B
(b). ATS-A Device will check the voltages condition of Bus A through VA1.
If the voltage Bus A >95% Un, the Incomer A ready to do the Automatic
Transfer by opening the Incomer B.
(c). If the voltage at bus B <30% Un, Breaker C will close automatically.
- If ATS is successfully, they send signal “ATS/Change Success”
- If ATS is fail, they send signal “ATS/COS Fail”.
Time Clearance for Transfer Switch is 80 – 100mS (Measured based on
lay event recording, starting from initiation to ATS until Couple Breaker is
Closed)

(This situation is represented by Figure. 2).

4
 Operation Sequence – Auto Transfer

T1 T2

INC. A INC. B
SEL S/W ATS S/W COS S/W
L R OFF ON A B C
A
B
NC
ATS
NO ATS
VA1 VB1
INITIATE INITIATE
C
TR-FAULT TR-FAULT
UPSTREAM UPSTREAM
FAULT BUS #A BUS #B FAULT
NC
BUS ‘B’ ATS – A ATS – B BUS ‘A’
U<70%Un 25 (Synch) 25 (Synch) U<70%Un
DL/DB 30% Un DL/DB 30% Un
ATS BLOCK VA2 ATS BLOCK
LL/LB 95% UN VB2 LL/LB 95% UN
BUS-FAULT U< 70% Un U< 70% Un BUS-FAULT
50/50N 50/50N
FAULT FAULT
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
SELECTION SELECTION

52a 52b 52b 52a

Figure 2. Incomer B loss of power.

5
 Operation Sequence – Auto Transfer

B1.2 Restoration of Incomer B.

Restoration can be carried out if the voltage in respectively incoming is
>= 95% of Un

B1.2.1 Restoration on Remote Mode.

(a). L/R selector switch at panel to be put on Remote position and

sending signal “Remote” position to PDCS.
(b). Operator will select one of three position of the selector switch.
(ie. : operator select tie breaker C for opening. )
(c). Sync. check function will check the voltages of bus B through VB2
and incoming B through VB1.
(d). Operator will close the breaker B and the breaker C will
Open automatically after CB B Close.

(This situation is represented by Figure. 1).

6
 Operation Sequence – Auto Transfer

B1.2.2 Restoration on Local Mode.

(a). L/R selector switch at panel to be put on Local position and

sending signal “Local” position to PDCS.
(b). Operator will select one of three position of the selector switch.
(ie. : operator select breaker C for opening. )
(c). Sync. check function will check the voltages of bus B through VB2
and incoming B through VB1. If the system has been synchro,
the signal LED “Synchro” at ATS Device will be light on.
(d) After received the signal “Synchro”, operator will close the breaker
B and the breaker C will open automatically after CB B Close.

(This situation is represented by Figure. 1).

7
 Operation Sequence – Change Over
B. OPERATION SEQUENCE
B2. Change Over.
The purpose of change over is to transfer bus load either to Incomer A
or Incomer B for feeder or transformer maintenance action.
The Operateion will be make before break
B2.1 Incomer B will be shut-off at Remote Mode.
(a). L/R selector switch at panel to be put on Remote position and
sending signal “Remote” position to PDCS.
(b). Operator will select one of three position of the selector switch.
(ie. : operator select Breaker B for opening. )
(c). Sync. check function will check the voltages of Line B through VB1
and Bus A through VA2 or voltages of Line A through VBA1 and
Bus B through VB2 .
(d) Operator will close the breaker C and the breaker B will open
automatically after CB C Close.
- If Change over is successfully, The ATS Device will send signal
“ATS/COS Success” to PDCS
- If Change over is fail, they send signal “ATS/COS Fail” to PDCS.
(This situation is represented by Figure. 3).
8
 Operation Sequence – Change Over

B2.2 Incomer B will be shut-off at Local Mode.

(a). L/R selector switch at panel to be put on local position and
sending signal “Local” position to PDCS.
(b). Operator will select one of three position of the selector switch.
(ie. : operator select Breaker B for opening. )
(c). Sync. check function will check the voltages of Line B through VB1
and Bus A through VA2 or voltages of Line A through VBA1 and
Bus B through VB2 . If the system has been synchro,the signal
LED “Synchro” at ATS Device will be light on.
(d) After received the signal “Synchro”, operator will close the breaker
C. and the breaker B will open automatically after CB C Close.
- If Change over is successfully, they send signal
“ATS/COS Success” to PDCS
- If Change over is fail, they send signal “ATS/COS Fail” to PDCS.

(This situation is represented by Figure. 3).

9
 Operation Sequence – Change Over

T1 T2

INC. A INC. B
SEL S/W ATS S/W COS S/W
L R OFF ON A B C
A
B
NC
ATS
NO ATS
VA1 VB1
INITIATE INITIATE
C
TR-FAULT TR-FAULT
UPSTREAM UPSTREAM
FAULT BUS #A BUS #B FAULT
NC
BUS ‘B’ ATS – A ATS – B BUS ‘A’
U<70%Un 25 (Synch) 25 (Synch) U<70%Un
DL/DB 30% Un DL/DB 30% Un
ATS BLOCK VA2 ATS BLOCK
LL/LB 95% UN VB2 LL/LB 95% UN
BUS-FAULT U< 70% Un U< 70% Un BUS-FAULT
50/50N 50/50N
FAULT FAULT
VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
SELECTION SELECTION

52a 52b 52b 52a

Figure 3. Incomer B will be shut-off.

0 10
 Operation Sequence – Change Over

B3 Restoration of Incomer B.

If the breaker B has been finished for repairing/maintenance.

The restoration process will be done as in the item B1.2.
Note :
For remote mode :
- all the position of three position switch at the panel is not
valid anymore

(This situation is represented by Figure. 1).

1 11
 Operation Sequence – Change Over

B3 Restoration of Incomer B.

If the breaker B has been finished for repairing/maintenance.

The restoration process will be done as in the item B1.2.
Note :
For remote mode :
- all the position of three position switch at the panel is not
valid anymore

(This situation is represented by Figure. 1).

2 12
 CONDITIONS TO ACTIVATED ATS

To Activated the ATS, the conditions below must be fulfill :

 All CB (A, B & C) in Service Position

 All VT Supervision ( VT’s for A1,A2, B1 & B2) in
Healthy Condition.
 ATS Switch in On Position
 ATS Initiator
 Voltage in healthy condition (>=95%Un)
 No Bus Fault Occur

3 13
 CONDITIONS TO ACTIVATED ATS

To Activated the ATS, the conditions below must be fulfill :

 All CB (A, B & C) in Service Position

 All VT Supervision ( VT’s for A1,A2, B1 & B2) in
Healthy Condition.
 ATS Switch in On Position
 ATS Initiator
 Voltage in healthy condition (>=95%Un)
 No Bus Fault Occur

4 14