PRACTICAL TRAINING AT 33/.

433 KV SUBSTATION
AND LOAD DISTRIBUTION CENTRE

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

MS. KOMAL MATHUR PROF. CHANDERSHEKHAR
SINGH
PROF. ASHWINI JOSHI
 INTRODUCTION
ELECTRICAL SUB-STATIONS
Electric power is generated in generating stations. The voltage
at which the power is generated in generating station lies
between 11kV to 33kV. This generating voltage is not suitable
for power transmission over long distance as it results in
increased transmission lines losses. Thus, for reducing
transmission losses the generated terminal voltage is firstly
stepped-up for long distance transmission and further step-
33/.433KV SUBSTATION AND LOAD DISTRIBUTION CENTRE at aiims,
jodhpur duly operation and maintenance done by m/s. sudhir
power ltd.
This substation was installed in the year 2011 at AIIMS Jodhpur by M/s. Sudhir
Power Limited and performing operation and maintenance consequently.
Sudhir is a name synonymous with Power. An Industry leader in the field of
setting up Diesel base Captive Power Plants upto 40 MW having its corporate
office in Gurugram & revenue of over INR 1500 crores, it stands tall in the
Indian Power Generation Sector, providing complete turnkey Electrical
solutions from GENERATION, DISTRIBUTION to ELECTRIFICATION.
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM
 Design of Sub-Station
 Firstly, the electrical supply provided by JdVVNL
through underground cable is received at 5HT
panel room. Further, it is divided in two parts.
 One is ESS-1 and other is ESS-2.
 ESS-1 includes 10 HT (GCB) and ESS-2 includes 4 HT
(GCB).
 For maintaining power factor at both substations,
APFC(Automatic Power Factor Controllers) are
installed.
 MAIN EQUIPMENTs OF SUB-STATION
1. Power Transformers

2. Automatic Power Factor Controllers

3. Circuit breakers

4. HT-LT panels

5. DG Sets

6. UPS Systems

7. PLC panels
POWER TRANSFORMER
 POWER TRANSFORMER
1. Power transformers – introduction Transformers are static electrical
devices that are used in electrical power systems to transfer electrical
power among circuits through the use of electromagnetic induction. The
purpose of a transformer is to convert power from one system voltage to
another. This voltage relationship, or voltage ratio, is determined by the
ratio of the number of turns on the primary winding to the number of turns
on the secondary winding. A power transformer is a transformer for the
purpose of transmitting electrical power. The definitions of the different
types of power transformers are not harmonised around the world and
may be different.
Ratings
APFC(Automatic Power Factor
Controller)
 APFC(Automatic Power Factor
Controller)
APFC or Automatic Power Factor Control Panels are mainly used for the improvement of
Power Factor. Power Factor can be explained as ratio of active power to apparent power
and it is a key factor in measuring electrical consumption. Everyone knows that how costly
electricity has become in present time. Therefore it becomes utmost important to cut
down on electrical consumption for reducing expenditure.
APFC Panels can effectively and automatically manage quickly changing and scattered
loads along with the retention of high Power Factor.

The main features of APFC control panels are:

* Maintains high Power Factor constantly.

* High efficiency.
* Prevents leading Power Factor in low load conditions.
* Minimizes harmonic current.
These APFC Panels are put to use in the following:

* Windmills
* Monitoring current harmonics
* Process controllers
* Micro processors
* LT & HT factories
* Electrical installations
* Line voltage analysis
 APFC specificationS
Parameters Specfications

 Design  Standardized Modular Sheet Steel

Enclosures

 Rated Voltage  415V-440V/50Hz

(Design available for 380V, 480V,
690V, 750V - 50/60Hz)
 Output Rating  Other output ratings, switching
combination or design voltages
are available upon request
 Capacitors  DUCA POWDER Super Heavy Duty
Series used are rated at 525V, 690V
and 880V, 50/60Hz as per network
voltage
 50oC max short time
 Ambient Temperature 40oC average in 24 hours
35oC annual average
-10oC low limit
Circuit Breaker
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to
protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload of electricity or
short circuit. A circuit breakers function is to detect a fault condition and, by
interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow.

TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS:

• Air Circuit Breaker
• SF6 Circuit Breaker
• Vacuum Circuit Breaker
• Oil Circuit Breaker
• Air Circuit Breaker
HT-LT Panels
 HT-LT Panels
LT Panel is an electrical distribution board that receives power
from generator or transformer and distributes the same to various
electronic devices and distribution boards. Such panels are used
in industries both for internal and external use and, therefore, they
are quite rugged to withstand different climatic conditions. Our LT
panels are designed to work with low electricity consumption that
makes them cost effective.

HT panels are compact outdoor type systems, which are broadly

used in substations. Our product range is prepared from Circuit
Breakers or switch fuse on HT side, which protects the equipment
from sudden voltage fluctuations.
DG Sets
 DG Sets
A diesel generator (also known as diesel genset) is the combination of a diesel engine with
an electric generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy. This is a specific case
of engine-generator.
A diesel compression-ignition engine is usually designed to run on diesel fuel, but some
types are adapted for other liquid fuels or natural gas.
Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to a power grid, or as
emergency power-supply if the grid fails, as well as for more complex applications such as
peak-lopping, grid support and export to the power grid.
Proper sizing of diesel generators is critical to avoid low-load or a shortage of power. Sizing is
complicated by the characteristics of modern electronics, specifically non-linear loads. In size
ranges around 50 MW and above, an open cycle gas turbine is more efficient at full load than
an array of diesel engines, and far more compact, with comparable capital costs; but for
regular part-loading, even at these power levels, diesel arrays are sometimes preferred to
open cycle gas turbines, due to their superior efficiencies.
Generator size
Generating sets are selected based on the electrical load they are intended to supply, the electrical load's
characteristics such as kW, kVA, var, harmonic content, surge currents (e.g., motor starting current)
and non-linear loads. The expected duty (such as emergency, prime or continuous power) as well as
UPS SYSTEM
 UPS SYSTEM

 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) solutions for electrical substations are

single-phase and IEC 016 certified. They are intended for the power supply of
auxiliaries in transformer substations.
 UPS systems for electrical substations protect control circuits and power lines.
They ensure the continuity of the power supply to the control circuits for the coil,
circuit breaker and protection circuitry, and prevent various problems such as:
 Power outages due to a maintenance fault of the system users;
 The risk of accidental opening of the MV circuit-breaker due to faults in the cut-off
circuit. An alarm signal is also provided in the event of an MV circuit-breaker trip
due to a power failure.
PLC PANELS
 PLC PANELS
The substation control panel is designed to form automated control systems (SCADA) of the traction
substations, using digital protection and programmable logic controllers.
Substation control panel provides:
• Telemechanical control of the substation (sending/receiving signals of telecommands, telemetry and tele
signaling)
• Remote control of the substation (using integrated controls and indicating devices)
• Collection and transmission of the telemetry and diagnosing data via digital channels of the data
transmission network (DTN)
With the substation control panel any traction substation may be reconstructed with gradual connection of the
new smart controllers and bay terminals, while the unmodified equipment is still controlled with the existing
telecommunications panel.
Substation control panel includes:
• An operator station for remote equipment control.
• A controller of the overall substation signaling.
• A substation controller functioning as a concentrator of the substation information-control network.
• A uninterruptible power system.
• Interface convertors with galvanic separation.
•