Pentateuch 10 Commandments

EXODUS
III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24)

Plain of el-Raha near Jebel Musa
Wadi el-Deir near Jebel Musa
Wadi el-Deir and St. Catherine’s Monastery
Jebel Musa above St. Catherine’s
Plain of Rafah at Sinai Where Israel Camped
Elijah's Spring
A.General Comments:
1. This is a covenant Theophony encounter with God

i. In the ANE a covenant was made between a
King and the people (Suzerainty/Vessel)
2. The Law Code had two types of Laws
i. Apodictic

ii. Casuistic
A.General Comments:
1. This is a covenant Theophany encounter with God

i. In the ANE a covenant was made between a
King and the people (Suzerainty/Vessel)
2. The Law Code had two types of Laws
i. Apodictic
ii. Causistic
3. Laws were Para-dynamic

A.Ex. 20:1-2 PREAMBLE AND PROLOUGE
1. Exodus 20:1-2 And God spoke all these words: 2 "I am the LORD your God,
who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.

2. This verse emphasizes who is giving the commands
I. “God spoke all these words”, not man.

I. It also reminds us of how Israel and YHWH came to be in this relationship

3. Vs. 2 “Who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of Slavery”

“all these words” ~yrIïb'D>h;-lK' “cal ha-de-va-

reem.”

A.Ex. 20:1-2 PREAMBLE AND PROLOUGE
1. Ancient Near Eastern Law Codes
• Code of Ur Nammu: (2100 – 2000 BC)
• Code of Eshnunna: (1980 BC)
• Code of Lipit-Ishtar: (1930 BC)
• Code of Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC)
• The Hittite law code: (1552-1500 BC)
• The Middle Assyrian Laws: (1115-1107
BC)
SIX BASIC INGREDIENTS OF ANCIENT
COVENANTS OF THE A.N.E.
1. Preamble:
2. Prologue.
3. Stipulations.
4. Sanctions
5. Witnesses.
6. Preservation of the Covenant
20:1-17 Decalogue “Ten Commandments”
• No other Gods
• No Idols
• Shall not misuse the name of the Lord
• Remember the Sabbath day
• Honor your father and mother
• You shall not murder
• You shall not commit adultery
• You shall not steel
• You shall not give false testimony
• You shall not covet
• No other Gods
• No Idols
Late Bronze standing stones at Hazor
• No other Gods
• No Idols
• No other Gods
• No Idols
• No other Gods
• No Idols
"Honor (Exo 20:12)
Greek: Τίμα “To Honor”
Hebrew: ‫ ּכַּבֵ ֥ ד‬Ca-ved: “To honor, to make heavy”

Same word used for the “Glory of God”
ὑπακούετε
NIV
Colossians 3:20 Children, obey your
parents in everything, for this pleases the Lord.
(Col 3:20 NIV)
Hoop-oh “to come under”

Akoo-oh “to listen”
• No other Gods
• No Idols
‫ּתִ ְרצָ֖ ֽ֖)ח‬
)Exo 20:13 WTT(
Pre-Meditated cold blooded killing

• No other Gods
• No Idols
NIV
Matthew 15:19
For out of the heart come evil thoughts,

murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft,
false testimony, slander.
Galatians 5:19 The acts of the sinful nature
NIV
are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and

debauchery;
.

Sexual immorality / fornication, πορνεία
(porneia), sexual immorality, sexual sin of a
general kind, that includes many different
behaviors (Mt 5:32; 15:19; 19:9; Mk 7:21; Jn 8:41;
Ac 15:20; 1Co 6:18; 7:2; 2Co 12:21; Gal 5:19;
Eph 5:3; 1Th 4:3)

NIV

debauchery;
.
Impurity ἀκαθαρσία, ας, ἡ literally worthless

material, waste; of graves decayed flesh, causing
ceremonial uncleanness, defilement (MT 23.27);
figuratively, moral uncleanness, impurity (1TH
2.3), opposite ἁγιασμός (holy living); of sexual
vice immorality, indecency, sexual impurity (RO
1.24)

NIV

debauchery;
Debachery / lascivious avse,lgeia living without

any moral restraint licentiousness, sensuality,
lustful indulgence unbridled lust, sensual excess,
licentiousness, lasciviousness, wantonness,
outrageousness, shamelessness, insolence
Key point to this word is that Ἀσέλγεια is a

comprehensive expression for evil and
perversion. It is one of the vices that destroy an
individual from within (Mark 7:22).
ESV
Ezekiel 23:21 Thus you longed for the
lewdness of your youth, when the Egyptians
handled your bosom and pressed your young
breasts."
ESV
Ezekiel 23:3 They played the whore in Egypt;
they played the whore in their youth; there their
breasts were pressed and their virgin bosoms
handled.
To be fondled ‫ָמעְַך‬
• No other Gods
• No Idols
• You shall not steal
• No other Gods
• No Idols
• No other Gods
• No Idols
19:1-24:18 DIVINE MORALITY
19:1-8 Eagles wings speech
• “I carried you out on eagles wings”
• Mother eagle who teaches her chicks to fly
19:9-25 Advent of God on Sinai
• Theophany
• Cloud of fire & Thunder
• People told to “consecrate themselves”
• Not to come near or God would “break out
against them” i.e. strike them dead.
19:1-24:18 DIVINE MORALITY
19:1-8 Eagles wings speech
19:9-25 Advent of God on Sinai
20:1-17 The Decalogue “Ten Commandments”

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EXODUS

III. Covenant at Sinai (19 – 24)

1. This is a covenant Theophony encounter with God

2. The Law Code had two types of Laws

1. This is a covenant Theophany encounter with God

2. The Law Code had two types of Laws

3. Laws were Para-dynamic

“all these words” ~yrIïb'D>h;-lK' “cal ha-de-va-

Hebrew: ‫ ּכַּבֵ ֥ ד‬Ca-ved: “To honor, to make heavy”

Hoop-oh “to come under”

Pre-Meditated cold blooded killing

For out of the heart come evil thoughts,

are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and

are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and

Impurity ἀκαθαρσία, ας, ἡ literally worthless

are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and

Debachery / lascivious avse,lgeia living without

Key point to this word is that Ἀσέλγεια is a

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