Personal Protective Equipment: 10-Hour General Industry Outreach Training

Personal Protective
Equipment
10-hour General Industry
Outreach Training
1
PPT 10-hr. General Industry – PPE v.03.01.17 Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
Introduction
Source of photos: OSHA
2
OSHA requires employers to protect
their employees from workplace
hazards through the use of engineering
or work practice controls.
When these controls are not feasible or
do not provide sufficient protection,
the use of personal protective
equipment (PPE) is required.
3
Introduction
Lesson objectives:
1. Describe the hierarchy of controls as it relates
to personal protective equipment.
2. Identify types of personal protective equipment
utilized in general industry.
3. Explain personal protective equipment training
requirements.
4. Explain the employer responsibilities regarding
personal protective equipment.
5. Explain the employee responsibilities regarding
personal protective equipment.
4
Introduction
Employers must protect employees:
• Assess the workplace
• Eliminate and reduce the hazards found
using engineering and administrative controls
• Then use appropriate personal protective
equipment
• Remember, Personal Protective
Equipment is the last level of control.
5
Hierarchy of Controls
Source: OSHA
6
The Hierarchy of Control Methods
• Graphic illustrates the effectiveness of the
systems used to prevent and control hazards.
• Elimination/substitution
• Provides the highest level of protection against
hazards.
• The hazard is eliminated from the workplace or a safer
item/substance is substituted for the more hazardous
item/substance.
• Engineering controls are the second most
effective means of protecting employees from
hazards, followed by administrative and work
practice controls.
• PPE - last resort; it is least effective
7
Elimination/substitution:
• Highest level of protection
• Eliminate hazard from the workplace
• Substitute
– Use safer item/substance
– Use same chemical but in a different form; as particle
size of a substance decreases, hazard level increases
Source: OTIEC Workgroup
8
Elimination / substitution:
• Provides the highest level of protection against
hazards.
• The hazard is eliminated from the workplace or a
safer item/substance is substituted for the more
hazardous item/substance.
• Another type of substitution includes using the same
chemical but to use it in a different form.
• For example, a dry, dusty powder may be a
significant inhalation hazard but if this material can
be purchased and used as pellets or crystals, there
may be less dust in the air and therefore less
exposure.
9
Engineering controls:
• Physical changes to workplace
• Examples
o Isolation
o Ventilation
o Equipment modification
o Others
10
Engineering controls
• Requires a physical change to the workplace
• Based on the following principles: (OSHA 2001)
• If feasible, design the facility, equipment, or process to remove the
hazard.
• If removal is not feasible, enclose the hazard to prevent exposure
in normal operations.
• Where complete enclosure is not feasible, establish barriers or local
ventilation to reduce exposure to the hazard in normal operations.
• Examples
• Isolation – hazard is enclosed prohibiting exposure to worker
• Ventilation – air exchanges to reduce atmospheric hazards
• Equipment modifications – reduce the hazard through design of the
equipment or attachments (Examples: reduced vibration, dust
collection system, noise reduction, etc.)
11
Administrative controls/work practice control:
• Requires worker or employer to do something
• Examples
o Written proper operating procedures, work permits and safe
work practices
o Inspection and maintenance
o Housekeeping
o Monitoring the use of highly hazardous materials
o Supervision
o Training
o Alarms, signs and warnings
o Regulated areas
o Limit exposure by time or distance
12
Administrative Controls
• Includes work practices
• Requires the worker or employer to do something
• Examples
• Proper procedures – workplace rules and other operation-specific rules
• Inspection and maintenance – regularly inspect tools and equipment;
keep them well maintained; remove from service any damaged or
broken items
• Housekeeping
• Supervision
• Regulated areas – designate areas for lunch and break times; no
eating, drinking, smoking, chewing tobacco or gum, and applying
cosmetics in workplace
• Limit exposure by time and distance – shorten amount of time a
worker is exposed to task involving the hazard; distance hazard from
workers
13
PPE controls:
• Requires worker to wear something
• Examples
Source of Photos: OSHA
14
OSHA requires employees to protect
their employees from workplace
hazards through the use of
engineering or work practice controls.
When these controls are not feasible

or do not provide sufficient
protection, the use of personal
protective equipment (PPE) is
required. 15
Types of PPE
Head protection:
• Frequent causes of head injuries
– Falling objects from above striking on the head;
– Bump head against fixed objects, such as
exposed pipes or beams; or
– Accidental head contact with electrical hazards.
Source: OSHA
16
Types of PPE
Why head protection is important…
Source: OSHA
17
Types of PPE
• Classes of hard hats:
– CLASS G (General)
• Protect against impact, penetration
• Low-voltage electrical protection (proof-tested to
2,200 volts)
Source of graphics: OSHA
18
Types of PPE
– CLASS E (Electrical)
• Designed for electrical/utility work
• Protect against falling objects, impact
• Electrical protection against high-voltage
(proof-tested to 20,000 volts)
Source: OSHA
19
Types of PPE
– CLASS C (Conductive)
• Designed for comfort; offers limited protection
• Protects heads that may bump against fixed objects
• Does not protect against falling objects or electrical
hazards
Source: OSHA
20
Types of PPE
• ANSI Z89.1, 1997
– Type I: provides protection from
objects fall directly on top of the
helmet, but not from objects that strike
the side, front, or back of the head.
– Type II: provides protection from
strikes to the top of the head and also
provides protection from blows to the
sides, front, and back of the head.
More suitable for workers who are not
always in a standing position Source of photos: OSHA
21
Types of PPE
Eye and face protection:
Source of images: OSHA
22
Types of PPE
• Common causes of eye injuries
– Chemical splashes
– Blood or OPIM splashes or sprays
– Intense light
– Dust and other flying particles
– Molten metal splashes
Source: OSHA
23
Types of PPE
• Eye and face protection – must comply with
– ANSI Z87.1-2003, or
– ANSI Z87.1-1989 (R-1998)
Source: OSHA
24
• Selecting eye and face protection –
elements to consider:
– Ability to protect against workplace hazards
– Should fit properly
– Should provide unrestricted vision and
movement
– Durable and cleanable
– Allow unrestricted functioning of other PPE
25
Types of PPE
• Safety glasses
– Used to protect against moderate impacts
from particles
Source of graphics: OSHA
26
Types of PPE
• Prescription glasses
– Employees who use
prescription glasses while
performing operations with
potential eye hazards must use Source: OSHA
eye protection that:

• Incorporates the prescription in its design, or
• Can be used over your prescription glasses without
interfering with the proper positioning of the
prescription glasses or goggles
27
Types of PPE
• Goggles
– Protect eyes, and the
facial area immediately
surrounding the eyes from
impact, dust, splashes. Source: OSHA
– Some can be used over

corrective lenses, if they fit them.
28
Types of PPE
– Goggle types
Direct-ventilated Indirect-ventilated Non-ventilated

• Resist direct passage • Prevents fogging • Does not allow the
of large particles into by allowing air passage of air into the
the goggle circulation goggle
• Prevents fogging by • Protects against • Prevents splash entry
allowing air circulation liquid or chemical
• May fog and require
splash entry
frequent lens cleaning
Source: OSHA.gov
29
Types of PPE
• Face shields
– Protect face from nuisance
dusts and potential splashes
or sprays of hazardous liquids
– Shields do not protect from
impact hazards unless so rated Source: OSHA
– Shields are for face protection, not eye

protection. To protect the eyes, wear safety
glasses with side shields, or goggles under
the face shield.
30
Types of PPE
• Welding shields
– Protect eyes from burns
caused by:
• Infared light
• Intense radiant light
– Protect eyes and face from

flying sparks, metal spatter,
and slag chips
31
Types of PPE
• Laser safety goggles

– Provide protection from hazards:
• physical contact such as flying particles
• ultraviolet light, laser, and welding
Source: OSHA
32
Respiratory protection:
33
Types of PPE
• Elimination/substitution or Engineering controls
– Eliminate toxic material or substitute a less toxic
material
– Enclose or confine operation
– General or local exhaust
ventilation
• Only when engineering
controls are not feasible,
will respirators be used
Source: OSHA
34
• Types of respirators
– Air-Purifying (APR) –
remove contaminants
from air
• Particulate respirators
• Chemical cartridge/
gas mask respirator
• Powered Air-Purifying
Respirator (PAPR)
35
Types of PPE
– Atmosphere-Supplying – provide clean,
breathable air
• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
• Supplied-Air Respirator (SAR)
36
Types of PPE
• Medical evaluation
– Before fit tests are conducted and employee is
authorized the use of a respirator, a medical
evaluation must be provide to determine the ability
of the employee to use a respirator.
– Identify a physician or other license health care

professional (PLHCP) to perform medical
evaluations using a medical questionnaire or an
initial medical evaluation with which the same
information is obtained.
37
Types of PPE
• Inspecting and cleaning respirators
– Inspect all respirators for wear and tear before
and after each use
– Wash in a detergent solution; then, disinfect
by immersing in a sanitizing solution
Source of photos: Carmen Vazquez
38
Types of PPE
• Storing respirators
– Protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold,
excessive moisture, and damaging chemicals
– Store in position to retain natural configuration
Source of photos: Carmen Vazquez
39
Types of PPE
Hearing protection:
40
Types of PPE
• Exposure to noise levels

over 85 dB can cause
hearing loss
• Hearing protection
required at 90 dB
• Implement effective
Hearing Conservation
Program
Source: OSHA
41
Types of PPE
• The employer must Permissible Noise Exposure
provide ear protection 29 CFR 1910.95(b)(1)
when the noise level in Duration per Sound Level

Day (hours) (dBA)
the work area is greater
8 90
than indicated in this
6 92
table.
4 95
3 97
2 100
1 105
1/2 110
1/4 115
Source: NIOSH
Impact noise should not exceed 140 dB
42
Types of PPE
• Examples of hearing protection:
– Disposable foam plugs
– Molded ear plugs Source of photos: OSHA
– Noise-cancelling ear plugs

– Ear muffs
• Consider Noise Reduction
Rating (NRR) of devices
NIOSH/John Rekus/elcosh.org
43
Types of
PPE
• How to insert
ear plugs
properly
Source: NIOSH
44
Types of PPE
Hand protection:
• Potential hazards for hands
– Skin absorption of hazardous
substances
– Lacerations or severe cuts
– Punctures
– Chemical burns
– Thermal burns
– Extreme temperatures
45
Types of PPE
• Types of gloves
Anti-vibration
Chemical-resistant Leather Palm
Heat-resistant Cut-resistant
Permeation-resistant
46
Types of PPE
Foot and leg protection:
• Causes of foot injuries:
– Falling or rolling of heavy objects
– Crushing or penetrating materials
– Sharp objects that can penetrate
the sole
– Exposure to molten metal
– Working on, or around, hot, wet, or
slippery surfaces Source: OSHA
– Working when electrical

hazards are present.
47
Types of PPE
• Conditions requiring
foot protection
– Impacts
– Compressions
– Cuts/punctures
– Chemicals
– Temperatures
Source: OSHA
48
Types of PPE
• Examples of foot and leg protection
– Impact-resistant toe and/or instep
• Steel
• Composite
– Heat-resistant soles
– Metal shanks
– Specialty footwear may be needed
• Metatarsal guards
• Liquid- or chemical-resistant
• Conductive or nonconductive
49
Types of PPE
• Protective footwear must comply with any
of the following consensus standards:
– ANSI Z41.1 – 1991 - "American
National Standard for Personal
Protection -- Protective Footwear,"
– ASTM F-2412 – 2005 – “ Standard
Test Methods for Foot Protection”
– ASTM F-2413 – 2005 – Source: OSHA
“Standard Specification for Performance

Requirements for Protective Footwear”
50
Types of PPE
• Protection from hazards

– Shoes with metal toe-cap
protects against knocks, falling
objects
– Rubber shoes protect against
chemical materials, as directed
by the SDS
51
Types of PPE
Body protection –
protective clothing:
52
Types of PPE
• Provide protective clothing for
those parts of the body
exposed to possible injuries
• Types of body protection
– Laboratory coats
– Coveralls
– Vests
– Jackets
– Aprons
– Surgical gowns
– Full-body suits
53
Types of PPE
• Selection of body protection –
variety of materials effective
against particular hazard
– Paper-like fiber – dust and
splashes
– Treated wool and cotton – fire-
resistant; dust, abrasions,
rough/irritating surfaces
– Duck – cuts, bruises
– Leather – dry heat, flames
– Rubber, rubberized fabrics,
neoprene, and plastics – certain
chemicals and physical hazards Source of photos: OSHA
54
Types of PPE
• Protective clothing is required for HAZWOPER
activities
• EPA’s levels of PPE
– Level A
• Provides highest level of protection
• Required when greatest potential for exposure exists and
greatest level of skin, respiratory, and eye protection is
required
• Examples
– Positive pressure, full facepiece SCBA, or positive pressure supplied
air respirator with escape SCBA
– Totally encapsulated chemical- and vapor-protective suit
– Inner and outer chemical-resistant gloves
– Disposable protective suit, gloves, and boots
55
Types of PPE
– Level B
• Required for highest level of respiratory protection
and lesser level of skin protection
• Examples
– Positive pressure, full facepiece SCBA, or positive pressure
supplied air respirator with escape SCBA
– Face shield
– Hooded chemical-resistant clothing
– Coveralls
– Outer chemical-resistant boots
56
Types of PPE
– Level C
• Required when concentration and type of airborne
substances are known and criteria for using APR is
met
• Examples
– Full-face air-purifying respirators
– Hard hat
– Escape mask
– Disposable chemical-resistant outer boots
57
Types of PPE
– Level D
• Required when minimum protection is needed
• Sufficient when no contaminants are present or work
operations preclude splashes, immersion, or potential
for unexpected inhalation or contact
• Examples
– Gloves
– Coveralls
– Safety glasses
– Face shield
– Chemical-resistant, steel-toe boots or shoes
58
Training
Training requirements:
• Each employee who is required to use PPE
must be trained to know:
– When PPE is necessary
– What PPE is necessary
– How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and
wear the PPE
– The limitation of the PPE
– Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and
disposal of PPE
59
Responsibilities
• The employer is required to:
– Perform hazard assessment
– Provide appropriate PPE
– Train employees
– Maintain/replace PPE
– Review/update/evaluate PPE Program
60
Responsibilities
$
• The employer is required to pay for PPE
used to comply with OSHA standards
– Examples
• Metatarsal foot protection
• Rubber boots with steel toes
• Non-prescription eye protection
• Prescription eyewear inserts/lenses for full face
respirators
• Goggles and face shields
• Fire fighting PPE
• Hard hats
• Hearing protection
• Welding PPE
61
Responsibilities
$
• Employer payment exemptions
– Non-specialty safety-toe protective footwear
and non-specialty prescription safety eyewear
– Everyday clothing
– Ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items,
used solely for protection from weather
– Consumer safety items worn by food workers
– Lifting belts
– When employee lost or intentionally damaged
PPE
62
Responsibilities
• The employee is required to:
– Properly wear PPE
– Attend PPE training
– Care for, clean, and
maintain PPE
– Inform supervisor of
needs for
repair/replacement
Source: OSHA
63
Knowledge Check
1. Common causes of foot injuries include:
crushing, penetration, molten metal,
chemicals, slippery surfaces, and sharp
objects.
a. True
b. False
Answer: a. True
64
Knowledge Check
2. Who is responsible for providing PPE
needed to comply with OSHA standards?
a. The employee
b. OSHA
c. The Employer
d. Workers’ Compensation
Answer: c. The Employer
65
Knowledge Check
3. Hazard controls must be addressed in which
order of priority?
a. Substitution, PPE, workaround, and administrative
b. Workaround, stop work, PPE, and engineering
c. Stop work, PPE, engineering, and substitution
d. Substitution, engineering, administrative, and PPE
Answer: d. Substitution, engineering,

administrative, and PPE
66
Knowledge Check
4. Which type of hard hat would provide
the most protection from electrical
hazards?
a. Class A
b. Class C
c. Class E
d. Class G
Answer: c. Class E
67
Knowledge Check
5. Hearing protection is required when
noise levels exceed OSHA’s PEL of __
dBA as a TWA.
a. 80
b. 90
c. 100
d. 110
Answer: b. 90 dBAs
68
Knowledge Check
6. Who is responsible for providing
specialized work footwear?
a. Insurance companies
b. The employee
c. OSHA
d. The employer
Answer: d. The employer
69
Knowledge Check
7. Which of the following is considered
approved eye protection?
a. Sun glasses
b. Prescription glasses
c. Reading glasses
d. Glasses meeting ANSI standard Z87
Answer: d. Glasses meeting

ANSI standard Z87
70
Knowledge Check
8. Which of the following is NOT
considered PPE?
a. Rubber gloves
b. Glasses meeting ANSI standard Z87
c. Sports shoes
d. Hearing muffs
Answer: c. Sports shoes
71

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Personal Protective

Source of photos: OSHA

Source: OTIEC Workgroup

Source of Photos: OSHA

When these controls are not feasible

Source of graphics: OSHA

Eye and face protection:

Source of images: OSHA

Source of graphics: OSHA

eye protection that:

– Some can be used over

Direct-ventilated Indirect-ventilated Non-ventilated

– Shields are for face protection, not eye

– Protect eyes and face from

Source of photos: OSHA

• Laser safety goggles

Source of photos: OSHA

Source of photos: OSHA

Source of photos: OSHA

– Identify a physician or other license health care

Source of photos: Carmen Vazquez

Source of photos: Carmen Vazquez

Source of photos: OSHA

• Exposure to noise levels

when the noise level in Duration per Sound Level

– Noise-cancelling ear plugs

Source of photos: OSHA

– Working when electrical

“Standard Specification for Performance

• Protection from hazards

Source of photos: OSHA

Source of photos: OSHA

Answer: c. The Employer

Answer: d. Substitution, engineering,

Answer: d. The employer

Answer: d. Glasses meeting

Answer: c. Sports shoes

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