Supply Chain Management: (E-Supply) Materi Pertemuan Ke-12

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SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

(E-SUPPLY)

Materi Pertemuan ke-12


E-supply Chain
• Supply Chain adalah aliran
material, informasi, uang, dan
servis/jasa dari bahan baku yang
diperoleh melalui supplier sampai
ke pabrikasi dan pergudangan
dan akhirnya ke pelanggan akhir.

• Supply Chain berasal dari konsep


penggabungan (link) partner-
partner organisasi/perusahaan
bersama-sama.
Tiga segmen rantai pasokan
• Aliran ke atas / hulu

• Internal

• Aliran ke bawah / hilir


Gambar Rantai Persediaan Sederhana
(Simple Supply Chain)
Upstream Internal Downstream
2nd tier Distribution
Supplier 1 tier
st
Assembly/ Centers
Supplier Manufacturing
2nd tier And packaging
Supplier 1st tier Retailers
Supplier
2nd tier
Supplier
Customers

Contoh: Toys Manufacturer Process


Oil
Plastic Distribution
Refinery Shipping
Sheet
Metal Components Shipping Toy Toy
Lumber Manufacturer Assembler/ Packaging Retailers
Company Manufacturer
Box
Pulp Paper Makers, Customers
Company Company Printers
Example : Cadbury Supply Chain
• Our supply chain
The processes involved
in making one of our
chocolate bars, Cadbury
Dairy Fruit & Nut, at our
factory in Bournville in
the United Kingdom,
give a good illustration of
how supply chains, and
our relationships within
them, can differ.
• A complex and diverse supply chain
For us the term 'supply chain' describes the
process we use to obtain the ingredients,
packaging goods and services that we need
to do our business.
At Cadbury
Schweppes, we have several
supply chains, depending
on the item we are sourcing.
Our supply chain for milk, for
example, is different from the
supply chain for advertising,
and supply chains for the same
item can also vary from country
to country.
Making and advertising
Cadbury Dairy Milk in the UK
• The processes involved in making
one of our chocolate bars, Cadbury
Dairy Milk Fruit & Nut, at our
factory in Bournville in the United
Kingdom, give a good illustration of
how supply chains, and our
relationships within them, can
differ.
• Advertising - one step away
Cadbury Schweppes has direct
contracts with the advertising
agency responsible for advertising
and promoting Cadbury Dairy Milk
Fruit & Nut. This means the
advertising agency is one step
away from our company.
• Milk - two steps away The milk that
goes into our chocolate bar comes
from the United Kingdom. We buy it
from farmer-run cooperatives. Here
we have direct dealings with the co-
operatives but not with the
individual farmers, which means
the farmers who produce the milk
are two steps away from our
company.
• Raisins - two steps away The
raisins in our chocolate bar come
from Turkey. We buy the raisins
from a family-owned Turkish
processing plant near Izmir, which
buys its raisins from around 1,000
small farmers. The raisins are
traceable back to the original
farms. The processing plant
maintains close relations with the
farmers to ensure quality. We are
two steps away from these 1,000
small farmers.
• Almonds - two steps away The almonds in our
chocolate bar come from California. We buy
the almonds from a processor who in turn
buys them from the farmer. Here we are two
steps away from the original producers, the
Californian almond growers.
• Sugar - two steps away The sugar we buy
comes from the UK and mainland Europe. We
buy it from sugar processors. The sugar
processor buys sugar beet direct from the
farmer. The farmers who grow the sugar beet
we use are therefore two steps away from our
company.
• Cocoa - three or more steps away Cocoa for
our chocolate bar is sourced from Ghana. We
buy cocoa from the Ghanaian government
Cocoa Board (COCOBOD), which controls the
cocoa trade in Ghana. Between COCOBOD
and the farmer there are licensed buying
companies. They buy cocoa from the farmer
and transport it to the seaport. Here we are
three steps or more away from more than half
a million farmers.
• How much influence we
can exert on particular
supply chains varies. If we
are a major buyer of a
product, or where we buy
directly from the producer,
our influence can be great.
When we are not a major
buyer, or where we are
several steps away from
the producer, our
influence tends to be more
limited. Nevertheless we
still recognise our
responsibilities for each
link in our supply chain.
Manajemen E-Supply (e-SCM)
Merupakan penggunaan teknologi untuk meningkatkan proses B2B dan
peningkatan kecepatan, ketahanan, kontrol langsung, serta
kepuasan pelanggan

Teknologi dimanfaatkan untuk peningkatan kegiatan operasi dari rantai


persediaan (Supply Chain)

Selain teknologi, juga melibatkan perubahan² pada kebijakan


manajemen, budaya organisasi, proses bisnis, dan struktur
organisasi

Kesuksesan E-supply chain bergantung pada:


1. Kemampuan dari semua partner pada Supply Chain untuk
memandang kolaborasi ini sebagai sebuah aset strategi
2. Kemampuan untuk melihat informasi yang ada pada semua partner
Supply Chain
3. Kecepatan, biaya, kualitas, dan layanan pelanggan
4. Pengintegrasian rantai persediaan yang lebih erat
Manajemen E-Supply (e-SCM)

Aktivitas/proses yang ada pada E-SCM:

• Pengisian ulang persediaan


• E-procurement (pemesanan)
• Kolaborasi Perencanaan
• Kolaborasi desain dan pengembangan
produk
• E-logistics
• Perdagangan dengan B2B dan Supply Web
Permasalahan dalam
Supply Chain
 Supply Chain dapat menjadi sangat lama karena
melibatkan partner internet dan eksternal yang
berada di banyak tempat berbeda

 Masalah kualitas material, yang bisa terjadi


karena kesalahan pengiriman jenis material

 Tidak adanya infrastruktur logistik (sistem)

 Order yang tidak menentu baik dari pemasok


maupun distributor
Solusi 1. Order melalui internet, EDI,
ekstranet secara otomatis
E-commerce untuk Cth: pada B2B, order
transmisikan secara otomatis
Supply Chain ke pemasok ketika level
inventori sudah mencapai titik
tertentu
2. Memenuhi order secara
langsung
3. Pembayaran Elektronik dapat
mempercepat pemenuhan
order dan jangka waktu
pembayaran
4. Persediaan dapat diperkecil
dengan melakukan pemesanan
bila akan ada produksi dan
dengan memberikan informasi
yang cepat dan akurat kepada
pemasok
5. Kolaborasi perdagangan
antara anggota Supply Chain
dapat dilakukan di banyak area
sehingga dapat mengurangi
keterlambatan, gangguan pada
pekerjaan, biaya administrasi
dan inventori
Kolaborasi Perdagangan
Penggunaan teknologi digital yang
memungkinkan perusahaan-perusahaan
untuk secara bersama-sama merencanakan,
merancang, mengatur, dan meneliti produk,
servis, dan aplikasi EC yang inovatif

Kegiatan ini dibedakan dari


penjualan dan pembelian. Cth:
sebuah perusahaan yang
berkolaborasi secara elektronik
dengan pemasoknya yang
mendesain produk atau bagian-
bagiannya untuk perusahaan
tersebut

Keuntungan : pengurangan biaya,


peningkatan pendapata, dan
hubungan yg lebih baik dengan
customer
Kolaborasi Perdagangan

1. Kolaborasi Tradisional
terjadi di antara anggota-anggota Supply Chain, biasanya
yang dekat satu dengan yg lainnya seperti manufaktur
dan distributornya atau distributor dan pedagang.
Bahkan bila ada lebih banyak partner yang terlibat,
fokusnya adalah peningkatan informasi dan aliran produk
di antara mereka.

2. Kolaborasi Jaringan
Setiap partner dapat berinteraksi dengan semua unsur
dalam Supply Chain. Interaksinya dapat terjadi diantara
beberapa manufaktur atau distributor.
Kolaborasi jaringan dapat berbeda-beda bentuk,
tergantung pada industri yang dijalankan, produk/servis,
volume arus informasi, dan lainnya
Kolaborasi Tradisional

Contract Logistic
Manufacturing Services
CPFR

CPFR
VMI

Manufacturers, Distributors,
Suppliers Retailers Customers
Assemblers Warehousing

Supply Demand
VMI
Aggregators Aggregators
Financial
Services
Kolaborasi Jaringan

Logistics Logistics Logistics

Consumer

Manufacturers Distributor Retailer


Component VMI
Suppliers

Business
Sub Assemblers Reseller Customer
Suppliers
Raw Material
Contract
Suppliers Distributor
Manufacturers

E-marketplace E-marketplace

Demand
Aggregator

Financial Financial Financial


Services Services Services
Contoh E-Collaboration
(E-Kolaborasi)

• Berbagi informasi antara Pedagang dan


Pemasok barang

• Kolaborasi Pedagang-Pemasok
(mengumpulkan partner sebanyak mungkin)

• Pengurangan waktu perencanaan


pemesanan bahan baku

• Pengurangan waktu untuk pengembangan


produk

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