6th Grade Science Chapter 2 Viruses and Bacteria

Viruses and Bacteria
Section 1 Viruses
Section 1: Viruses- Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be
able to:
 Give reasons why viruses are considered
to be non-living
 Describe the basic structure of a virus;
 Explain how viruses multiply

Vocabulary
 1. virus
A small, nonliving particle that invades

and then reproduces inside a living cell.
Vocabulary
 2. host
An organism that provides a source of

energy or a suitable environment for a
virus or for another organism to live.
Vocabulary
 3. parasite
An organism that lives on or in a host

and causes harm to the host.
Vocabulary
 4. bacteriophage
A virus that infects bacteria.

 1. Biologists consider viruses to be non-
living because viruses are not
cells
_____________. Viruses do not use
energy
_____________ to __________
grow or to
_____________
respond to their surroundings.
 2.
Viruses can only multiply when they
are ___________________.
Inside a living cell
 3. Four ways viruses can be named
– 1) After the disease it causes. Ex. Polio virus
After the organism they infect. Ex- Tomato mosiac

– 2) virus
After the place where it was first found.

– 3) Ex. Ebola virus in Africa
After people. Ex, Epstein-Barr virus.

– 4) Named after scientists identified virus that
causes mononucleosis
 4.
All viruses have two basic parts: the
outer coat
___________________that
_______________the
protects virus, and the
inner coat
_______________ that is made of
________________.
genetic material
 5.
Once inside, a virus’s
_____________________
Genetic material takes over
the cell’s ________________.
functions
 6.
_________________
Common cold
is an example
of an active virus,
while_____________________
The virus that causes cold sores is an
example of a hidden virus.
Chapter 2 Viruses and
Bacteria
Section 2 Bacteria
Section 2: Bacteria- Objectives
able to:
 Describe ways in which bacteria cells
are different from all other organisms’
cells
 List positive roles that bacteria play in
people’s lives
 Name the two kingdoms of bacteria and
tell how bacteria reproduce and survive.
 Review- cytoplasm
The region of a cell located inside the

cell membrane (in prokaryotes) or
between the cell membrane and nucleus
(in eukaryotes); contains a gel-like
material and cell organelles.
 Review-ribosome
A tiny structure located in the

cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are
made.
 1. flagellum
A long, whiplike structure that extends

out through the cell membrane and cell
wall.
 2. binary fission
A form of asexual reproduction in which

one cell divides to form two identical
cells.
 3. asexual reproduction
The reproductive process that involves

only one parent and produces offspring
that are identical to the parent.
 4. sexual reproduction
The reproductive process that involves

two parents who combine their genetic
material to produce a new organism,
which differs from both parents.
 5. conjugation
The process in which a unicellular

organism transfers some of its genetic
material to another unicellular organism.
 6. respiration
The process of breaking down food to

release its energy.
 7. endospore
A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting

cell that forms inside a bacterial cell.
 8. decomposer
An organism that breaks down large

chemicals from dead organisms into
small chemicals and returns important
materials to the soil and water.
Notes
 1. Bacteria
______________________
are_____________________.
prokaryotes The
genetic material in their cells is not
contained in the _________________.
nucleus
 2.
List the three basic shapes of
bacteria and draw each one.
 First shape-
spherical
 2.
 Second shape-
Rod like
 2.
 Third shape-
spiral
 3. List the cell structures present in a
bacterial cell
 1.
Cell wall
 2. ribosome
 3. Cell membrane
 4. Flagellum
 5. Genetic material
 6. Cytoplasm
 4.
Under ideal conditions, Bacteria can
reproduce once every __________
20
minutes.
 5. List five good things bacteria do in
our world.
 1. Fuel. Ex. Methane produced by archaebacteria
 2. Food. Ex. Cheese, yogurt, apple cider
 3. Environmental Recycling. Ex. Decomposers.
 4. Environmental Clean up – bacteria to clean up

oil spills.
 5. Health and Medicine – bacteria that

helps you digest your food
Chapter 2 Viruses and
Bacteria
Section 3 Integrating
Health: Viruses, Bacteria,
and Your Health
Section 3: Viruses, Bacteria, and
Your Health- Objectives
able to:
 Describe how infectious diseases spread
from person to person.
 Describe some ways in which infectious
diseases can be treated or prevented.
 1. infectious disease
An illness that can pass from one

organism to another.
 2. toxin
A poison that can harm an organism.

 3. antibiotic
A chemical that can kill bacteria without

harming a person’s cells
 4. vaccine
A substance that stimulates the body to

produce chemicals that destroy viruses,
bacteria, or other disease-causing
organisms.
Notes (read pg 69-70 first)
 1.Explain the 4 ways infectious diseases
spread, and give an example of each.
 1. Contact with Infected Person-touching,

hugging, kissing, sneezes, coughs
Contact with Contaminated Object-eating

 2.
utensils, food water, cups
 3. Contact with an Animal-rabies, mosquitoes
Contact with Environmental Sources-food,

4
water, soil
 Change your number 2 to the following:
 2. For most infectious diseases, the best
treatment is:
Bed rest
 ____________________
 ____________________
resting
 ____________________
drinking lots of fluids
 ____________________
eating well balanced meals
 3.
___________________________
Bacterial diseases
can be cured with
antibiotics
___________________, while with
____________________________
Viral diseases
you can only treat the
symptoms
__________________.
Penicillin (an antibiotic)
 4.
___________________________
works by weakening the
Cell wall
___________________________ and
cells
causing the __________________ to
______________________.
burst
 5.The best way to protect yourself
against infectious diseases is to:
Keep your body healthy
 A.________________________
Eat nutritious foods

 B.________________________
Get plenty of rest, fluids, and exercise

 C.________________________
Washing hands, not sharing utensils, etc.

 D.________________________

6th Grade Science Chapter 2 Viruses and Bacteria

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Viruses and Bacteria

 Explain how viruses multiply

A small, nonliving particle that invades

An organism that provides a source of

An organism that lives on or in a host

A virus that infects bacteria.

After the organism they infect. Ex- Tomato mosiac

After the place where it was first found.

After people. Ex, Epstein-Barr virus.

The region of a cell located inside the

A tiny structure located in the

A long, whiplike structure that extends

A form of asexual reproduction in which

The reproductive process that involves

The reproductive process that involves

The process in which a unicellular

The process of breaking down food to

A small, rounded, thick-walled, resting

An organism that breaks down large

 2. Food. Ex. Cheese, yogurt, apple cider

 3. Environmental Recycling. Ex. Decomposers.

 4. Environmental Clean up – bacteria to clean up

 5. Health and Medicine – bacteria that

An illness that can pass from one

A poison that can harm an organism.

A chemical that can kill bacteria without

A substance that stimulates the body to

 1. Contact with Infected Person-touching,

Contact with Contaminated Object-eating

 3. Contact with an Animal-rabies, mosquitoes

Contact with Environmental Sources-food,

Eat nutritious foods

Get plenty of rest, fluids, and exercise

Washing hands, not sharing utensils, etc.

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