THE DIFFERENT

DISCIPLINES IN THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES
(October 15, 2020)
Most Essential Learning Competencies:
  Explain the major events and its contribution that led to the emergence of the
social science disciplines

Objectives:
  At the end of the lesson, the students should have learned to:

• identify the major events and its contribution that led to the emergence of the social
science disciplines
• make an inference about the importance of social science disciplines.
• appreciate and value the significant roles of the emergence of social science
disciplines
The Nature of Emergence of each
Discipline and some Key
Personalities associated with the
Field.
 DESCIPLINE NATURE OF EMERGENCE KEY
PERSONALITIES
Anthropology The use of Western Imperialism in the 18th and Franz Boas, Bronislaw
19th centuries prompted interest in the study of
Malinowski
culture of the colonies
Economics Economics became a separate discipline with the Adam Smith, Karl Marx
publication of Adam Smith’s The Wealth of
Nations in 1776.
Geography Geography became an academic discipline in Immanuel Kant, Alexander
Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries while von Humboidl, Carl Ritter
many geographic societies were founded in the
19th century
 DESCIPLINE NATURE OF EMERGENCE KEY
PERSONALITIES
History The Greeks were the first writers of Herodotus,
history and history is one of the Thucydides, Leopold
oldest of the social sciences von Ranke
Linguistics Modern linguistics started to develop Ferdinand de
in the 18th century with philology Saussure, Jacques
reaching its zenith in the 19th Derrida
century
Political Science As an academic discipline, political Plato, Aristotle,
science is a relatively new field that Augustine of Hippo,
was principally worked on by Niccolo Machiavelli,
American scholars in the 19th and Thomas Hobbes,
20th centuries John Locke
 DESCIPLINE NATURE OF EMERGENCE KEY
PERSONALITIES
Sociology Sociology as a formal academic field Auguste Comte, Karl
of study was founded by Emile Marx, Herbert
Durkheim during the late 19th Spencer, Emile
century with the establishment of the Durkheim
first sociology department in Europe
Psychology In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt established Wilhelm Wundt, G.
the first psychological laboratory in Stanley Hall, John
Leipzig (Germany) thereby Dewey, Sigmund
effectively making psychology a Freud
formal field of study
Demography The 19th century saw the Thomas Malthus,
emergence of demography when it Adolphe Quetelet
separated form statistics Farr
Disciplines in the Social
Sciences
 ANTHROPOLOGY
is the study of humankind.
The term is derived from the Greek
words anthropos meaning “human” and
logo meaning “word” or “study of”.
Anthropologists attempt to find answers
on so many questions involving humans.
• they are very much interested in knowing
the origins of human kind as they try to
answer where, when and why humans
appeared on Earth.
• 
THREE BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY

1. Physical or Biological Anthropology is

the study of human biology within the
milieu of evolution.
Human evolution
Body parts
Skeletons, etc.
THREE BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY

2. Cultural or Social Anthropology involves

the study and comparative analysis of pre-
literate societies, including all aspects of
human behaviour.
THREE BRANCHES OF ANTHROPOLOGY

3. Archaeology involves the study of

earlier cultures and ways of life by way of
retrieving and examining the material
remains of previous human societies.
 ECONOMICS
is a discipline that concentrates on how a particular
society solves its problem of scarcity and resources.
The term originated from the Greek words oikos
meaning “house” and nomos meaning “custom” or
“law”. The term oikonomia literally translates as
“management of a household.”
 FIELDS OF ECONOMICS
Macroeconomics analyses how economy functions as a whole
or its basic subdivisions, such as the government or business
sectors. Looking the economy broader lens.
 
Microeconomics focuses on the behaviour of individual agents,
like households, industries, and firms. Like looking through the
microscope, economists, evaluate how prices of goods and
services are usually pegged and what factors determine the value
of land, labor, and capital.
 DIVISION PRODUCTION PRICES INCOME EMPLOYMENT
OF
ECONOMIC
S
Microecono -Productional -Price of -Distribution of -Employment by
mics output in individual goods income and individual
individual and services wealth businesses and
industries and -Price of -Wages in the industries
businesses medical care auto industry -Jobs in the steel
-How much steel -Price of -Minimum industry
-How much office gasoline wage -Number of
space -Food prices -Executive employees in a
-How many cars -Apartment salaries firm
rents poverty -Number of
accountants
 DIVISION PRODUCTION PRICES INCOME EMPLOYMENT
OF
ECONOMIC
S
Macroec -National -Aggregate -National -Employment
onomics Productional price level income and
Output -Consumer -Total unemployme
-Total prices wages and nt in the
industrial -Producer salaries economy
output prices -Total -Total
-Gross -Rate corporate number of
domestic inflation profits jobs
product -
-Growth Unemployme
output nt rate
 GEOGRAPHY
is the study of the features of the earth and the
location of living things on the planet.
This term is derived from the Greek word
geographia, from geo meaning “earth” and graphe
meaning “to describe”. A literal translation would
be “to describe the earth”.
 2 MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY:

1. Physical geography it includes the study of

soil, landforms, water, vegetation, minerals and
climate. They also interested in the interplay of
humans and the natural environment
 
 
 2 MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY:

 
2. Human geography focuses on the human aspect of
geography that is marked by a strong commitment to the
concept of culture. This particular branch of geographic
study is interested in determining humankind’s role in
changing the environment as well as the different
processes that help shape human society, including
migration and settlement patterns.
 
 HISTORY
is a branch of knowledge that attempts to ascertain,
record, and explain facts and events that happened in the
past.
It originated from the Greek word historia meaning
“inquiry”.
It is one of the oldest social sciences tracing its origin in
the myths and traditions of early people that have passed
form generations.
 BRANCHES
Branch Theme
Social History Experiences of common people
Cultural History Customs, arts, traditions
Political History Political ideas, events, movements, parties, leaders
Economic History Economic occurrences, way of living, distribution of goods
Diplomatic History International relations between states
Military History Military affairs, strategies, doctrine, armed conflict
History of Religion Religious experiences and ideas
History of Women Women’s role in history
Environmental History Human interaction with nature and environment
 LINGUISTICS
is a field of knowledge involving the scientific study of
language as a universal and recognizable aspect of
human behaviour and capacity.
Linguists study changes that have taken place on
various language over time as well as their modern
variations.
As a broad field of study of language, it can be
divided in three parts:
• Morphology study of language form
• Syntax study on how these words are formed
into phrases
• Phonology study of sounds
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
includes the study governments, and the need for
the institution, its form and its processes.
Key concepts within the discipline consist of the
state, politics, power, and ideology, as well as the
effects of these notions on individuals and groups.
 BRANCHES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE:

• Comparative politics
• Policy studies and analysis
• Political theory
• Political economy
• International relations
• Political philosophy
• Political ideology
 PSYCHOLOGY
deals with the nature of human behaviours, and both
internal and external factors that affect these behaviours.
 From the Latin psychologia combining psych meaning
“spirit” or “soul” and logia for “study” or study of the
soul.”
 BRANCHES
BRANCH INTEREST  
Abnormal Psychology Looks at psychopathology and abnormal behaviour,  
depression to obsession-compulsion to sexual deviation
Behavioral Psychology A theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors  
are acquired through conditioning
Biopsychology The study of how the brain influences behaviour  
Comparative Study of anima; behaviour  
Psychology
Cross-Cultural Looks at how cultural factors influence human behaviour;  
Psychology investigate how behaviour differs among various cultures
throughout the world
 BRANCHES
BRANCH INTEREST  

Developmental Looks at development throughout the lifespan, from  

Psychology childhood to adulthood, includes aspects of human

growth, including physical, emotional, intellectual,
social perceptual and personality development
Educational Concerned with schools, teaching psychology,  

Psychology educational issues and student concerns

 
Experimental Utilizes scientific methods to research the brain
Psychology and behaviour
 
Forensic Deals with issues related to psychology and the
Psychology law
 BRANCHES
BRANCH INTEREST  

Health Psychology Focuses on how biology, psychology, behaviour,  

and social factors influence health and illness
Personality Focuses on the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and  
Psychology behaviour that make a person unique
Social Psychology Seeks to explain and understand social behaviour  
and looks at diverse topics including group
behaviors social interactions, nonverbal
communication, and social influences on decision
making
 
Cognitive Focuses on internal states, such as motivation,
Psychology problem solving, decision-making, thinking and
attention.
 SOCIOLOGY
is a field of study dealing with the systematic study of patterns
of human interaction.
The term is derived from the Latin word socius meaning
“companion” and from the Greek word logos meaning “word”
or “ study of”.
 Sociology concentrates on the social influences and processes
occurring within groups of people rather than those forces
affecting an individual.
 BRANCHES
• General Sociology deals with the properties and
homogeneity common to all social and cultural
phenomena, including those characteristics found among
groups and institutions.
• Special Sociology focuses on specific sociocultural
phenomena usually selected for further study, including
socialization, interaction, conflict, and domination.
 DEMOGRAPHY
is the science and statistical study of human populations.
The term came form the French word demographi derived
form Greek demos meaning “people” and French graphie.
By investigating the three demographic processes of (1) birth,
(2) migration and (3) aging (including death).