Simple Machines:Lever, Pulley and Wheel and Axle

Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 18

SIMPLE

MACHINES:LEVER,PULLEY
AND WHEEL AND AXLE
LEVERS

Defination : A Lever is a rigid bar which is capable


of movement about a fixed point called a fulcrum
or axis.
In this the net rotation is produced by
(a)A muscle force

(b)A Gravitational and/or external force.


ARMS IN A LEVER

EFFORT ARM RESISTANCE ARM


1.Effort force(EF) is the 1.Resistance force is an
force producing the opposing torque created in
resultant torque. response to effort force.
2.Moment arm (MA) for the
2.Moment arm (MA) for RF is referred to as the
the EF is referred to as resistance arm.
the effort arm. 3.Always the loser
3.Always the winner
FIRST CLASS LEVER

A Lever system in which the axis or center of rotation(COR)


lies between the point of application of the effort force and the
point of application of the resistance force.

MA of this lever vary from 0 to 1. it’s a Lever of stability

Eg. nodding movement of head.


Click icon to add picture

1ST ORDER LEVER


SECOND CLASS LEVER
A lever system in which the resistance force lies
between the COR and the effort force.
A Lever of POWER.MA is always 1.

Eg. When the heels are raised to stand on the toes.

Mostly occur when some weight is held in hand.


2ND ORDER LEVER
THIRD CLASS LEVER

A Lever system in which the effort force lies between the


COR and Resistance force which always results in RA being
larger than EA.

MA is not obtained in it. Its the lever of acceleration.

Eg. Elbow joint. most musculoskeletal joints behave as 3rd


class lever.
Click icon to add picture

3RD ORDER LEVER


3RD ORDER LEVER
PULLEYS

A Pulley is a grooved wheel which is rotated


about a fixed axis by a rope passes round it.

FIXED PULLEY MOVABLE PULLEY


ANATOMICAL PULLEYS

The fibers of a muscles wrap around a bone or are


deflected by a bony prominence and form an
anatomical pulley.
 These make the movement easier by deflecting
the action line of the muscle away from the joint
axis thus increasing the MA of the muscle force.
E.g. Patella act as an anatomical pulley
ANATOMICAL PULLEY
WHEEL AND AXLE
 Its a simple machine. A wheel and axle is a
modified lever of the first class that rotates in a
circle around a center point or fulcrum. The
larger wheel (or outside) rotates around the
smaller wheel (axle).
E.g Bicycle wheel , well wheel
MA - resistance/effort
Click icon to add picture

WHEEL AND AXLE


The machine used to draw water from the well.
SEGMENTAL DIMENSIONS
 The segmental method make use of photographs
,videos and these help in individual findings of
location of COG.
 Discovered by Dempscer in1955.
 He immersed each segment of a cadavor in water
and estimated the weight of each segment by the
water coming out in another container and then he
estimated the gravity acting on each and thus the
COG.
CONT…..
• The COG is determined by the torque principle.
 The sum of torque of individual segment in about arbitrary
placed x-y axis will produce the location of COG.
This can be done by:
1.Using Walton template
2.Without Using Walton Template
SEGMENTAL DIMENSIONS ARE VERY
IMPORTATNT FOR A PRECISE ANLYSIS OF THE
HUMAN BODY.
THANK YOU

You might also like