Just in Time

• INTRODUCTION
• CHARACTERISTICS OF “JUST IN TIME”
• BASIC IDEA OF PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT
• PRACTICAL APPROACH TO THE "JUST IN
TIME"
HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE JUST IN TIME
• INNOVATION
• 5S
• OTHER IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF JIT
• CONCLUSION
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

• It is easy to understand and to

use
• 95% of problems encountered in
work places can be solved with
these 7 tools
• Remember: Simple is beautiful
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
QUALITY CONTROL &
WORK IMPROVEMENT
• They are easy to use

• 95% of problems in working

places can be solved with these
tools

•PHILOSOPHY
Remember: EASY TOOLS IMPLEMENTA-
TION
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
QUALITY CONTROL &
WORK IMPROVEMENT
. They are important in quality control for:

• Maintaining and assuring the good quality of

work after the efficient work improvement
activities have started.

• The seven QC tools can express data in a

form of diagram, graph and chart, those
which are clear to understand the situation of
the problem
 Purpose of Data Collection
• Bad condition of collecting data:
• There are no data in work place.
• Collected data have never analysed.
• Too much data / Very little data

• Bad situation of collecting data:

• We are too busy be classified data.
• We have a shortage of labour so that we cannot collect
data.
• We collect the data because we must submit them to
the government.
• We collect the data in order to avoid any criticism
against our responsibility
 Purpose of Data Collection
• A) 　 Data for finding the status quo

• B) 　 Data, which decide to accept or reject

for 　　 　 products or service

• C) 　 Data for adjust

• D) 　 Data for control the process of work

• E) Data for analysis (cause & effect)

 TYPES OF DATA
1. DATA FOR CONTROL

• For taking an action

2. DATA FOR ANALYSIS

• For making future plans, or revising

working result by monthly or annually,
etc.
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
• 1) Pareto Chart
• 2) Cause & Effect Diagram
• 3) Histogram
• 4) Stratification
• 5) Check Sheet
• 6) Scatter Diagram
• 7) Control Chart
 IMPORTANT POINT OF
QC 7 TOOLS FOR WORK
IMPROVEMENT

 QC 7 tools can be used not only for the main

purpose but also for wide application.

 It is important to acquire command of these easy

tools completely and master them.

 These tools should be used by all people.

 They can be used independently

 Advanced techniques are enough to learn when

they are required for particular purpose.
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
• 1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause & Effect Diagram
3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 1) PARETO CHART
• This is a type of bar chart, is very widely
used. From the diagram, we can find what
is the biggest problem in our work place.
However, There is room for repetitive
training on the correct usage of this tool.
• USAGE: We can find the objective to be
solved at first (priority of solving sequence)
for making good working condition
 PARETO CHART
• Considering points:
1) Duration of Collecting Data
2) Number of column of bar
3) The figures should be filled on the left side in the
chart, whereas percentage should show on the
right side.
4 ） Figures are such as number of persons,
countable products, weight units, and monetary
unit.
5) “Others” is no draw very wide shape.
6) Items should be clarified adequetly.
 ITEMS CLASIFICACION

• 1) By effects:

• - By defective items, by place

where the problem happened

　 - By process or workplace and

by cost item
2) Example of causes classifying
by 4 M: (Machine, Material,
Human being, and Method)
MATERIAL
NACHINE
– By machine – By origin of products
– By machine old or new – By brand (maker)
– By type of machine – By supplier
– By lot

HUMAN BEINGS
METHODO
–Workers in
different sections in hospital – By handling method
– By gender – By Condition of fabrication
– By type of work – By moment
– By age – By Inspection & measurement
– By Shift of work
– By length of service year
 PARETO CHART,
Example
1000 100 SALARY OF VICTOR: 1,000lei/month
900 SAVING = 0,0
800 80
700

($) 600 60 (%)

500 V: DISCO

400 40 W: TRANSPORT
300 X: FOOD;
200 20
Y: MATERIAL FOR STUDY
100
Z: CLUB (Sports)
0
V W X Y Z Others
 PARETO CHART,
Example of Improving
1000 Reduction in 225 lei for
100
Expense of DISCOTECA
900
SALARY = 1,000 lei/month
800 SAVING = 225lei/month
80
100%
700

600 V: DISCO
60 80
500 W: TRANSPORT
60
400 X: FOOD
40
300 Y: MATERIAL OF
40 STUDY
200
20 Z: CLUB (sports)
100 20

0
V W X Y Z Others W X V Y Z Others
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
1) Pareto Chart

2) Cause and Effect Diagram

3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
2) CAUSE AND EFFECT
DIAGRAM
•It is the effective tool for finding all kinds
of causes relating to determine the
measure of problem solving.

– USE:For understanding the

causes which affect the
characteristic of quality and
defects of work.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM
Big Fishbone
Human being Machine

Small Fishbone

Medium Fishbone
Backbone CARACTERISTIC

EFFECT

Method Material

FACTORS (Causes) 　
 Cause and Effect Diagram

Human being Machine

PROBLEM

EFFECT

Method Materials

FACTOR (Causes)
HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE

Cooking good
rice
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

COOKING
GOOD RICE

AFTER
COOKED COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

PLACE OF
TYPE PRODUCTION

QUALITY

SEASON

COOKING
GOOD RICE

AFTER DURING
COOKING COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

TAP WATER
PLACE OF
TYPE PRODUCTION

QUALITY
QUALITY
WATER
SEASON FROM
WELL
COOKING
GOOD RICE

AFTER
COCKED COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

TAP WATER
PLACE OF METAL
TYPE PRODUCTION
QUALITY OF
CALIDAD MATERIAL
QUALITY
WATER CERAMIC
SEASON FROM A
WELL
COOKING
GOOD RICE

AFTER
COCKED COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

AGUA
PLACE OF CORRIENTE METAL
TYPE PRODUCTION
CALIDAD DEL
CALIDAD MATERIAL
QUALITY
WATER CERAMICA
SEASON FROM A
WELL
COOKING
RICE WELL
APROX. 10 MIN.

TIME
GOOD
DISTRIBUTION

WARM
AFTER
COCKED COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

AGUA
PLACE OF CORRIENTE METAL
TYEP PRODUCTION
QUALITY OF
CALIDAD MATERIAL
QUALITY
WATER CERAMIC
SEASON FROM A
WELL
COOKING
GOOD RICE
APROX. 10 MIN.
APROX. 15 MIN.
TIME
TIME
GOOD
DISTRIBUTION GOOD COOKING
WARM HEAT
WELL
AFTER
COOKED COOKING PREPARACION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

PLACE OF TAP WATER METAL

TYEP PRODUCTION
QUALITY OF
QUALITY MATERIAL
QUALITY
WATER CERAMIC
SEASON FROM A
WELL
COOKING
GOOD RICE
APROX. 10 MIN. SEASONING
WASHING (HOW
APROX. 15 MIN. MANY TIMES)
TIME
TIME NOT TOO MUCH
GOOD WASHING METHOD
DISTRIBUTION GOOD COOKING
ADEQUATE
WARM HEAT
WELL WATER LEVEL
AFTER
COOKED COOKING PREPARACION
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and Effect Diagram

3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 3) HISTOGRAM
•This is a tool what we know the dispersion of one
group, which we are going to determine the
characteristic of quality. The histogram consists of
several bar charts.
•Each bar represents a frequency of occurrence of
similar group having a certain range of characteristics.
• USAGE: For utilise the data of these 4 M by classifying
stratification, so that we can find the cause of dispersion. This
makes easy to establish the corrective measure.
•For finding cause, we do not need to calculate. Just draw
histogram, and then we can find the problem.
• 
•
 Histogram
- Drawing a good form is
n = 50
important
15

Good form

15 n = 50
10

10
5
15
5 n = 50
10
5
 Forms of Histogram

A) Type B)Type
normal Toothless
(Crest)

C) Type
Trailing D) Type Cliff
Skirt
 Forms of Histograms

E)Type F) Type
Plateau Twin Peak

G) Type island
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and effect Diagram
3) Histogram

4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 4) Stratification
• This is the tool to show two groups of
data clearly, which gives us easy action for
solving the problem.
• Stratification is a method of finding a
problem by making similar factors into one
group.

• USE for:To analyse data by 4Ms (man, machine,

material & method), data, hour and to study causes
of problem for setting countermeasures for problem
solving.
 STRATIFICATION
• Stratification can be applied to our daily life.
1. In a process of analysing causes for decreasing
defects.
2. In a process of identifying causes for a big
dispersion such as a twin-peak histogram or for
data location out of specification.
3. In a process of identify causes for a change in
situation such as increase of number of patients or
inventory of medicine.
4. In a process of deciding the priority to take for an
accident.
•  
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and Effect Diagram
3) Histogram
4) Stratification

5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 5)
5) Check
Check Sheet
Sheet
•This is the tool to collect data,
which clearly shows the problem.
•The check sheet consists of mark
of checking by identifying where
the fact has occurred. This
occurrence has specific reference
of service or process of our works.
USAGE: Identifying the reasons of defects and
problems by average of data.
 Check Sheet
HOW TO MAKE CHECK SHEET
HOW TO MAKE CHECK SHEET

• a) For daily operation

• Objective: To maintain hospital operation with normal
condition.
• Examples:Checking points of quality
control
 Checking for medical instruments
 Checking for safety devices
 Daily diagnosis check up
 Check sheet for ppatients’ records

• b) For special study

• Objective: To investigate a special issue for work
improvement.
• Examples: Study for causes of an accident
•          Study for causes of defectives
•           Study for causes of instrument troubles
 Check Sheet
HOW TO MAKE CHECK SHEET

• c) For recording purpose in daily works

• Objective: To check various daily
activities in hospital to find what the
works are going correctly.
• Example:
• Inspection record
•        Regular checking record
•          Daily operation record
•         Daily progress report
•         Record of accidents
 Check
Check Sheet
Sheet
• Design
• 1- Purpose of checking: Title
• 2- Items of checking
• 3- Method of checking
• 4- Time and duration
• 5- Place and process of checking
• 6- Person in charge of checking
• 7- Summary of checking results
• 8- Route of circulation of the check sheet
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and Effect Diagram
3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet

6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 6)
6) SCATTER
SCATTER DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM
•This is the tool to know the correlation of
data, which have corresponding valuables.
The scatter diagram can shows the degree of
correlation of the same group of data.

•USAGE: Relation of the data between cause and

effect, and results; that is a process to examine
whether they have mutual correlations.
SCATTER DIAGRAM
Type of correlation
1) Positive correlation

Outlier

2) Positive correlation
may be presented

3) No correlation
4) Negative correlation
may be presented

5) Negative Correlation

6) Having Peaks or Troughs

 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and Effect Diagram
3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram

7) Control Chart
 7)
7) Control
Control Chart
Chart
ABNORMAL VARIATION
Assignable cause
VARIATION IN PROCESS (No accident)
VARIACION NORMAL
ACCIDENTAL CAUSES

A control chart was first introduced in 1924 by W A

Shewhart of Bell Telephone Laboratory in U.S.A., with
the purpose of eliminating abnormal condition during
working process by identifying the existence of
variation attributable to assignable causes based upon
the variation of chance causes.

It is possible to eliminate
Variation abnormal
abnormal condition by
writing control chart
 • Control chart is necessary to establish
limited line, which reflects the conditions
of figures a process under control.

BASED ON CAUSES
Limited Lines
EXCLUSIVE ACCIDENTAL FACTOR

CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS:
-Variation at random
-It is inevitable that a process of work is
staying with very low condition even though
the work is within a low level of normal
condition (No accident)
 CLASIFICATION OF THE
CONTROL CHART
•1)- For process control

MAINTAININ
GOOD WORKING CONDITION QUALITY
STANDARD

2)- FOR ANALYSIS PURPOSE

IDENTIFY CAUSES OF
DATA ANALISE ABNORMAL
STRATIFICATION CONDITION
4M
 • CONTROL CHART CONSISTS OF TRHEE LINES:
– Central (LC)
– Upper control line (LSC)
– Lower control line (LIC)
Example of Types of Graff
LSC
A)
The
Thegraph
graph shows
shows
LC normal
normalcondition
condition

LIC

B) LSC

The
Thegraph
graph shows
shows
LC
some
somepoints
pointsare
are out
out
of
ofthe
the control
control line
line
LIC
 LSC
C) Points
Pointsininproximity
proximityof
of
LC
control
control limit
limit

LIC

LSC Run
D) Runofof77or
or more
more
points
pointsconsecutively
consecutively
LC on
on upper
upper (or
(orlower)
lower)
line
line
LIC

LSC
E) Many
Manypoints
pointsononone
one
side
side of
of the
thecentral
central line
line
LC (10
(10 out
outof of11)
11)

LIC
 LSC
F)
Raising
Raisingtendency
tendency
LC
(7
(7points
pointsor
ormore)
more)

LIC
G) LSC

LC
Raising
Raising
tendency
tendency
LIC

H) LSC

LC Cyclical
Cyclical
characteristics
characteristics
(Large
(Large wave)
wave)
LIC
I) LSC
Declining
Decliningtendency
tendency
LC (7
(7points
pointsor
or more)
more)

LIC

LSC
J)
Cyclical
Cyclical
LC
characteristics
characteristics
(small
(smallwave)
wave)
LIC
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
IN HOSPITALS
• It is easy to understand and to use

• 95% of problems encountered in work

places can be solved with these 7 tools

• Remember: Simple is beautiful

 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
QUALITY CONTROL &
WORK IMPROVEMENT
• They are easy to use

• 95% of problems in working

places can be solved with these
tools
IMPLEMENTA-
•PHILOSOPHY
Remember: EASY TOOLS
TION
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
QUALITY CONTROL &
WORK IMPROVEMENT
They are important in quality control for:

• Maintaining and assuring the good quality of

work after the efficient work improvement
activities have started.

• The seven QC tools can express data in a

form of diagram, graph and chart, those
which are clear to understand the situation of
the problem.
 Purpose of Data Collection
• Bad condition of collecting data:
• There are no data in work place.
• Collected data have never analyse.
• Too much data / Very little data

• Bad situation of collecting data:

• We are too busy be classified data.
• We have a shortage of labour so that we cannot collect
data.
• We collect the data because we must submit them to
the government.
• We collect the data in order to avoid any criticism
against our responsibility
 Purpose of Data Collection
• A) Data for finding the status quo

• B) Data, which decide to accept or reject for

products or service

• C) Data for adjust

• D) Data for control the process of work

• E) Data for analysis (cause & effect)

 TYPES OF DATA
1. DATA FOR CONTROL

• For taking an action

2. DATA FOR ANALYSIS

• For making future plans, or revising

working result by monthly or annually,
etc.
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
• 1) Pareto Chart

• 2) Cause & Effect Diagram

• 3) Histogram

• 4) Stratification

• 5) Check Sheet

• 6) Scatter Diagram

• 7) Control Chart
 IMPORTANT POINT OF
QC 7 TOOLS FOR WORK
IMPROVEMENT
 QC 7 tools can be used not only for the main purpose but
also for wide application.

 It is important to acquire command of these easy tools

completely and master them.

 These tools should be used by all people.

 They can be used independently

 Advanced techniques are enough to learn when they are

required for particular purpose.
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
• 1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause & Effect Diagram
3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 1) PARETO CHART
• This is a type of bar chart, is very widely
used. From the diagram, we can find what
is the biggest problem in our work place.
However, There is room for repetitive
training on the correct usage of this tool.
• USAGE: We can find the objective to be
solved at first (priority of solving sequence)
for making good working condition
 DIAGRAMA DE PARETO
• Considering points:

• 1) Duration of Collecting Data

2) Number of column of bar
3) 3) The figures should be filled on the left side in the
chart, whereas percentage should show on the right
side.
• 4) Figures are such as number of persons,
countable products, weight units, and monetary unit.
• 5) “Others” is no draw very wide shape.
• 6) Items should be clarified adequetly.
 ITEMS CLASIFICACION

• 1) By effects:

• - By defective items, by place

where the problem happened

　 - By process or workplace and

by cost item
2) Example of causes classifying
by 4 M: (Machine, Material,
Human being, and Method)
MATERIAL
NACHINE
– By machine – By origin of products
– By machine old or new – By brand (maker)
– By type of machine – By supplier
– By lot

HUMAN BEINGS
METHODO
–Workers in
different sections in hospital – By handling method
– By gender – By Condition of fabrication
– By type of work – By moment
– By age – By Inspection & measurement
– By Shift of work
– By length of service year
 PARETO CHART,
Example
1000 100 SALARY OF VICTOR: 1,000lei/month
900 SAVING = 0,0
800 80
700

($) 600 60 (%)

500 V: DISCO

400 40 W: TRANSPORT
300 X: FOOD;
200 20
Y: MATERIAL FOR STUDY
100
Z: CLUB (Sports)
0
V W X Y Z Others
 PARETO CHART,
Example of Improving
1000 Reduction in 225 lei for
100
Expense of DISCOTECA
900
SALARY = 1,000 lei/month
800 SAVING = 225lei/month
80
100%
700

600 V: DISCO
60 80
500 W: TRANSPORT
60
400 X: FOOD
40
300 Y: MATERIAL OF
40 STUDY
200
20 Z: CLUB (sports)
100 20

0
V W X Y Z Others W X V Y Z Others
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
1) Pareto Chart

2) Cause and Effect Diagram

3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
2) CAUSE AND EFFECT
DIAGRAM
•It is the effective tool for finding all
kinds of causes relating to determine
the measure of problem solving.

– USE: For understanding the

causes which affect the
characteristic of quality and
defects of work.
 CAUSE AND EFFECT
DIAGRAM
Big Fishbone

Small Fishbone

Medium Fishbone
Backbone CARACTERISTIC

EFFECT

FACTORS (Causes) 　
 Cause and Effect Diagram

Human being Machine

PROBLEM

EFFECT

Method Materials

FACTOR (Causes)
HOW TO COOK GOOD
RICE

Cooking good
rice
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

PLACE OF
TYPE PRODUCTION

QUALITY

SEASON

COOKING
GOOD RICE

AFTER DURING
COOKING COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

TAP WATER
PLACE OF
TYPE PRODUCTION

QUALITY
QUALITY
WATER
SEASON FROM
WELL
COOKING
GOOD RICE

AFTER
COCKED COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

TAP WATER
PLACE OF METAL
TYPE PRODUCTION
QUALITY OF
CALIDAD MATERIAL
QUALITY
WATER CERAMIC
SEASON FROM A
WELL
COOKING
GOOD RICE

AFTER
COCKED COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

AGUA
PLACE OF CORRIENTE METAL
TYPE PRODUCTION
CALIDAD DEL
CALIDAD MATERIAL
QUALITY
WATER CERAMICA
SEASON FROM A
WELL
COOKING
RICE WELL
APROX. 10 MIN.

TIME
GOOD
DISTRIBUTION

WARM
AFTER
COCKED COOKING PREPARATION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

AGUA
PLACE OF CORRIENTE METAL
TYEP PRODUCTION
QUALITY OF
CALIDAD MATERIAL
QUALITY
WATER CERAMIC
SEASON FROM A
WELL
COOKING
GOOD RICE
APROX. 10 MIN.
APROX. 15 MIN.
TIME
TIME
GOOD
DISTRIBUTION GOOD COOKING
WARM HEAT
WELL
AFTER
COOKED COOKING PREPARACION
 HOW TO COOK GOOD RICE
RICE WATER COOKER

PLACE OF TAP WATER METAL

TYEP PRODUCTION
QUALITY OF
QUALITY MATERIAL
QUALITY
WATER CERAMIC
SEASON FROM A
WELL
COOKING
GOOD RICE
APROX. 10 MIN. SEASONING
WASHING (HOW
APROX. 15 MIN. MANY TIMES)
TIME
TIME NOT TOO MUCH
GOOD WASHING METHOD
DISTRIBUTION GOOD COOKING
ADEQUATE
WARM HEAT
WELL WATER LEVEL
AFTER
COOKED COOKING PREPARACION
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and Effect Diagram

3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 3) HISTOGRAM
•This is a tool what we know the dispersion of one group, which
we are going to determine the characteristic of quality. The
histogram consists of several bar charts.
•Each bar represents a frequency of occurrence of similar group
having a certain range of characteristics.

• USAGE: For utilise the data of these 4 M by classifying stratification, so

that we can find the cause of dispersion. This makes easy to establish the
corrective measure.
•For finding cause, we do not need to calculate. Just draw histogram, and
then we can find the problem.
• 
•
 Histogram
- Drawing a good form is
n = 50
important
15

Good form

15 n = 50
10

10
5
15
5 n = 50
10
5
 Forms of Histogram

A) Type B)Type
normal Toothless
(Crest)

C) Type
Trailing D) Type Cliff
Skirt
 Forms of Histograms

E)Type F) Type
Plateau Twin Peak

G) Type island
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and effect Diagram
3) Histogram

4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 4) Stratification
• This is the tool to show two groups of
data clearly, which gives us easy action for
solving the problem.
• Stratification is a method of finding a
problem by making similar factors into one
group.

• USE for:To analyse data by 4Ms (man, machine,

material & method), data, hour and to study causes
of problem for setting countermeasures for problem
solving.
 STRATIFICATION
• Stratification can be applied to our daily life.
1. In a process of analysing causes for decreasing
defects.
2. In a process of identifying causes for a big
dispersion such as a twin-peak histogram or for
data location out of specification.
3. In a process of identify causes for a change in
situation such as increase of number of patients or
inventory of medicine.
4. In a process of deciding the priority to take for an
accident.
•  
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and Effect Diagram
3) Histogram
4) Stratification

5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 5)
5) Check
Check Sheet
Sheet

•This is the tool to collect data, which

clearly shows the problem.

•The check sheet consists of mark of

checking by identifying where the fact
has occurred. This occurrence has
specific reference of service or process
USAGE: Identifying the reasons of defects and
of our works.
problems by average of data.
 Check Sheet
HOW TO MAKE CHECK SHEET
HOW TO MAKE CHECK SHEET

• a) For daily operation

• Objective: To maintain hospital operation with normal
condition.
• Examples:Checking points of quality
control
 Checking for medical instruments
 Checking for safety devices
 Daily diagnosis check up
 Check sheet for ppatients’ records

• b) For special study

• Objective: To investigate a special issue for work
improvement.
• Examples: Study for causes of an accident
•          Study for causes of defectives
•           Study for causes of instrument troubles
 Check Sheet
HOW TO MAKE CHECK SHEET

• c) For recording purpose in daily works

• Objective: To check various daily
activities in hospital to find what the
works are going correctly.
• Example:
• Inspection record
•        Regular checking record
•          Daily operation record
•         Daily progress report
•         Record of accidents
 Check
Check Sheet
Sheet
• Design
• 1- Purpose of checking: Title
• 2- Items of checking
• 3- Method of checking
• 4- Time and duration
• 5- Place and process of checking
• 6- Person in charge of checking
• 7- Summary of checking results
• 8- Route of circulation of the check sheet
 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT

1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and Effect Diagram
3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet

6) Scatter Diagram
7) Control Chart
 6)
6) SCATTER
SCATTER DIAGRAM
DIAGRAM
•This is the tool to know the correlation of
data, which have corresponding valuables.
The scatter diagram can shows the degree of
correlation of the same group of data.

•USAGE: Relation of the data between cause and

effect, and results; that is a process to examine
whether they have mutual correlations.
SCATTER DIAGRAM
Type of correlation
1) Positive correlation

Outlier

2) Positive correlation
may be presented

3) No correlation
4) Negative correlation
may be presented

5) Negative Correlation

6) Having Peaks or Troughs

 QC 7 TOOLS FOR
WORK IMPROVEMENT
1) Pareto Chart
2) Cause and Effect Diagram
3) Histogram
4) Stratification
5) Check Sheet
6) Scatter Diagram

7) Control Chart
 7)
7) Control
Control Chart
Chart
ABNORMAL VARIATION
Assignable cause
VARIATION IN PROCESS (No accident)
VARIACION NORMAL
ACCIDENTAL CAUSES

A control chart was first introduced in 1924 by W A

Shewhart of Bell Telephone Laboratory in U.S.A., with
the purpose of eliminating abnormal condition during
working process by identifying the existence of
variation attributable to assignable causes based upon
the variation of chance causes.

It is possible to eliminate
Variation abnormal
abnormal condition by
writing control chart
 • Control chart is necessary to establish
limited line, which reflects the conditions
of figures a process under control.

BASED ON CAUSES
Limited Lines
EXCLUSIVE ACCIDENTAL FACTOR

CAUSE OF ACCIDENTS:
-Variation at random
-It is inevitable that a process of work is
staying with very low condition even though
the work is within a low level of normal
condition (No accident)
 CLASIFICATION OF THE
CONTROL CHART
•1)- For process control

MAINTAININ
GOOD WORKING CONDITION QUALITY
STANDARD

2)- FOR ANALYSIS PURPOSE

IDENTIFY CAUSES OF
DATA ANALISE ABNORMAL
STRATIFICATION CONDITION
4M
 • CONTROL CHART CONSISTS OF TRHEE LINES:
– Central (LC)
– Upper control line (LSC)
– Lower control line (LIC)
Example of Types of Graff
LSC
A)
The
Thegraph
graph shows
shows
LC normal
normalcondition
condition

LIC

B) LSC

The
Thegraph
graph shows
shows
LC
some
somepoints
pointsare
are out
out
of
ofthe
the control
control line
line
LIC
 LSC
C) Points
Pointsininproximity
proximityof
of
LC
control
control limit
limit

LIC

LSC Run
D) Runofof77or
or more
more
points
pointsconsecutively
consecutively
LC on
on upper
upper (or
(orlower)
lower)
line
line
LIC

LSC
E) Many
Manypoints
pointsononone
one
side
side of
of the
thecentral
central line
line
LC (10
(10 out
outof of11)
11)

LIC
 LSC
F)
Raising
Raisingtendency
tendency
LC
(7
(7points
pointsor
ormore)
more)

LIC
G) LSC

LC
Raising
Raising
tendency
tendency
LIC

H) LSC

LC Cyclical
Cyclical
characteristics
characteristics
(Large
(Large wave)
wave)
LIC
I) LSC
Declining
Decliningtendency
tendency
LC (7
(7points
pointsor
or more)
more)

LIC

LSC
J)
Cyclical
Cyclical
LC
characteristics
characteristics
(small
(smallwave)
wave)
LIC
 CONTROL
CONTROL CHART
CHART
Types
Types of
of graphs
graphs
VALUE
CARACTERISTIC Name of control chart

Continuous value X-R Chart (average value and

range)
X Chart (measured value)
Discrete value pn Chart (number of detective
unit)
p Chart (fraction defective)
c Chart (number of defect)
u Chart (number of defect per
unit)
 X-R, Chart is much
common
• X-R Chart
• X represents the average value of sub-group
• R represents a range of the sub-group.

• USAGE: For work improvement, we can use data,

which are continuously connecting with the work:

• Examples: * Out put

• * Length
• * Weight of products (body)
• * Number of customers (patients)
 USAGE OF QC TOOLS FOR WORK IMPROVEMENT
Scatter Diagram Histogram
Pareto Chart

Check Sheet
What is a problem? Show past condition 1 2 3 4 5 6
A
B
C
D
Show relation between
cause and effect
Control Chart
Cause and Effect Diagram

x
R
Analysis

Time Service (Analysis

Stratification Correlation by time elapsing)
x
R

Pareto Chart
To set Countermeasure

To
To Check
Check
the
the Implementation
Implementation A B C Others A B C Others

To
To set
set the
the Countermeasure
Countermeasure Carta/gráfica de control
As
As aa routine
routine work
work
(Standadisation)
(Standadisation)
Check Sheet
Control Chart Time
Control
1 2 3 45 6
+3
x +2
Action +1
R +0
-1
-2
 Inter relationship among
the 7 QC tools

3. PARETO CHART

1. STRATIFICATION
4. CAUSE AND EFFECT DIAGRAM

5. HISTOGRAM

6. SCATTER DIAGRAM
2. CHECKSHEET

7. GRAPH / CONTROL CHART

Thank you for
your attention
to listening
QC 7 tools
for your work
Improvement