Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 143 views

    LECTURE 8 Grit Chamber

    Uploaded by

    G. Prasanna
    Grit chambers are used to remove inorganic particles such as sand, gravel, and eggshells from wastewater. These particles are denser than organic materials and settle out more readily. The grit chamber is designed to maintain a horizontal flow velocity that allows the denser grit to settle but keeps the lighter organic materials suspended and flowing through. A sutro weir at the end of the grit chamber helps to control and maintain the proper horizontal flow velocity regardless of flow levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    LECTURE 8 Grit Chamber

    Uploaded by

    G. Prasanna
    143 views31 pages
    Grit chambers are used to remove inorganic particles such as sand, gravel, and eggshells from wastewater. These particles are denser than organic materials and settle out more readily. The grit chamber is designed to maintain a horizontal flow velocity that allows the denser grit to settle but keeps the lighter organic materials suspended and flowing through. A sutro weir at the end of the grit chamber helps to control and maintain the proper horizontal flow velocity regardless of flow levels.

    Original Title

    LECTURE 8 Grit Chamber (1)

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Grit chambers are used to remove inorganic particles such as sand, gravel, and eggshells from wastewater. These particles are denser than organic materials and settle out more readily. The grit chamber is designed to maintain a horizontal flow velocity that allows the denser grit to settle but keeps the lighter organic materials suspended and flowing through. A sutro weir at the end of the grit chamber helps to control and maintain the proper horizontal flow velocity regardless of flow levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    143 views31 pages

    LECTURE 8 Grit Chamber

    Uploaded by

    G. Prasanna
    Grit chambers are used to remove inorganic particles such as sand, gravel, and eggshells from wastewater. These particles are denser than organic materials and settle out more readily. The grit chamber is designed to maintain a horizontal flow velocity that allows the denser grit to settle but keeps the lighter organic materials suspended and flowing through. A sutro weir at the end of the grit chamber helps to control and maintain the proper horizontal flow velocity regardless of flow levels.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 31
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    Grit chambers are designed to remove inorganic particles like sand, gravel, stones, etc. from wastewater to prevent damage to pumps and accumulation in sludge digestors. The key properties of grit are that it has a higher specific gravity than organic matter and settles as discrete particles.

    Grit chambers are designed to remove all particles with a specific gravity greater than 2.65 from wastewater.

    The settling velocity of grit particles is determined by factors like their size, specific gravity, temperature of the liquid, and drag coefficient, which is approximated using the Reynolds number. Stokes law is not applicable for grit particles due to their size range.

    Grit chambers/Grit Channels/Detritus tanks

     are basin to remove the inorganic particles to prevent


    damage to the pumps, and to prevent their
    accumulation in sludge digestors.
    are designed to remove all particles of higher specific
    gravity of 2.65.
    GRITS
    Grit consists of sand, gravel, stones, soil, bone chips,
    coffee grounds, seeds, eggshells, glass fragments,
    metals and other materials present in wastewater
    which do not putrefy.
    In general, grit as defined above has a specific gravity
    between 1.5 and 2.7 as opposed to a specific gravity for
    organics of approximately 1.02.
     In addition, grit settles as discrete particles, rather
    than as flocculant solids which is the case with
    organics
    Sources
    Domestic waste: glass, coffee grounds, seeds,
    eggshells
    Industrial effluent: metals, sands, clays, etc.
    Storm water drains: sands, pebble, road making
    materials
    Construction sites: gravel, concrete blocks, stone, etc.
    Problems of Grits
    excessive wear on mechanical plant
    blockages of pipes and channels
    accumulation on the floors of primary settlement
    tanks, aeration basins and digesters
    Principle of Working of Grit Chamber
    Grit chambers are nothing but like sedimentation
    tanks, designed to separate the intended heavier
    inorganic materials (specific gravity about 2.65) and to
    pass forward the lighter organic materials.
     Hence, the flow velocity should neither be too low as
    to cause the settling of lighter organic matter, nor
    should it be too high as not to cause the settlement of
    the silt and grit present in the sewage.
    This velocity is called "differential sedimentation and
    differential scouring velocity"
    The scouring velocity determines the optimum flow
    through velocity.
     This may be explained by the fact that the critical
    velocity of flow 'vc‘ should always be less than the
    scouring velocity of grit particles
    If vc is greater than scour velocity, particles once
    settled, may be again introduced into the stream of
    flow.
    The critical scour velocity is given by Schield's
    formula:
    V = 3 to 4.5 (gd(G - 1))1/2
    A horizontal velocity of flow of .25 to .30 m/sec is used
    at peak flows.
     This same velocity is to be maintained at all
    fluctuation of flow to ensure that only organic solids
    and not the grit is scoured from the bottom.
    Settling velocity of grit
    Grit consists o f discrete particles which settle
    independently of one another with a constant
    velocity.
     When a discrete particle is left alone in a liquid at
    rest, it is subjected to a settlement force of gravity and
    to a resistance resulting from the viscosity of the fluid
    and inertia.
    The settling velocity of discrete particles can be
    determined using appropriate equation depending
    upon Reynolds number.
    Stoke's law: v= g(G-1)d2
                             18u
    Stoke's law holds good for Reynolds number,
    Re below 1. This corresponds to particles of size less
    than 0.1 mm
    Grit particles generally lie between 0.1mm and
    1mm sizes and hence, undergo settling in
    transition zone
    Therefore Stoke's law is not applicable to
    determine the settling velocity of grit particles for
    design purposes.
    v2 =   4g(ρp-ρ )d 
                  3 CD ρ
    where, CD= drag coefficient
     For Transition flow conditions  CD can be
    approximated by
    CD=   24 + 3     +0.34 
            Re     Re1/2     

    CD= 18.5 =  18.5 
            Re0.6     (vd/u)0.6 
    Substituting the value of CD in settling velocity
    equation and simplifying, we get
         
    0.714
     g (G  1)d 
    1.6
    vs   0.6 
     13.88( ) 
     3T  70 
    Also,   vs  60.6d (G  1).  
     100 

    For G=2.65,
    vs  d (3T  70)
    Where, T=Temp. of water in 0C
     v is in mm/sec
    d is in mm
    PROBLEM
    Types of Grit Chambers
    Horizontal flow type (non aerated):
    Aerated
    Horizontal flow Grit chamber
    Flow passes through channel in a horizontal direction
    The chamber is designed to give a constant horizontal
    straight line velocity
    This is achieved by
     providing a velocity control sections such as
    Proportional flow weir at the effluent end of channel
    By Parabolic or V shaped channel, having varying
    width with depth
    WEIRS
    CHANNEL WITH SUTRO WEIR
    CONTROL
    Proportional flow weir
    is the rectangular channel controlled at the
    downstream end by a sutro weir
     This weir is specially shaped to maintain
    a constant velocity in a rectangular channel no
    matter what the head of flow.
    B:Bottom width of the channel
    2b:bottom width of weir
    a:height of the bottom rectangular portion of weir
    (x, y):coordinates on weir profile
    DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR
    CHAMBER WITH SUTRO WEIR
    Design of grit basin
    Design of weir
    a.Design of grit chamber
    Find settling velocity of grit
    Assume horizontal flow velocity , Vh =0.30m/s
    Q=Vh X A ,where A: cross sectional area
    Find A
    A=WH
    Assume water depth above the crust weir, H: 1-1.8m,
    Find basin width W
    Overall depth of grit chamber, D=water depth above the
    crest weir ,H+0.3m(height of crest of weir from channel
    bottom)+free board of 0.45m
    Detention time=water depth in the basin/settling
    velocity
    Length of the tank, L: Vh x Detention time
    Actual length of tank= L+ (10-50%)L ; to account for
    non-idealities in the flow and settling of particles.
    b. Design of weir
    Height of the crest of weir from the channel
    bottom:0.3m
    Bottom width of weir=2b, Where, b= 1.467 B Vh
    B : Bottom width of channel
    Vh : horizontal flow velocity
    Assume height of the bottom rectangular portion of
    weir, a =0.025m
    Find (x,y) coordinates .,by assuming ‘y’ values
    (starting from y=a)using the equation
    Cd:coefficient of discharge=0.62
    2 BVh
    x
    Cd . 2 g . y

    You might also like