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    Unit 5 SPC

    Uploaded by

    Bhupendra Karandikar
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. None of the employees get the disease P(X=0) = (0.8)^5 = 0.32768 2. Exactly two employees get the disease P(X=2) = (5C2)(0.2)^2(0.8)^3 = 0.19200 So the probability that none of the employees get the disease is 0.32768 And the probability that exactly two employees get the disease is 0.19200

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Unit 5 SPC

    Uploaded by

    Bhupendra Karandikar
    60 views16 pages
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. None of the employees get the disease P(X=0) = (0.8)^5 = 0.32768 2. Exactly two employees get the disease P(X=2) = (5C2)(0.2)^2(0.8)^3 = 0.19200 So the probability that none of the employees get the disease is 0.32768 And the probability that exactly two employees get the disease is 0.19200

    Original Description:

    MBA (TQM) presentation

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    Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. None of the employees get the disease P(X=0) = (0.8)^5 = 0.32768 2. Exactly two employees get the disease P(X=2) = (5C2)(0.2)^2(0.8)^3 = 0.19200 So the probability that none of the employees get the disease is 0.32768 And the probability that exactly two employees get the disease is 0.19200

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    60 views16 pages

    Unit 5 SPC

    Uploaded by

    Bhupendra Karandikar
    Here are the steps to solve this problem: 1. None of the employees get the disease P(X=0) = (0.8)^5 = 0.32768 2. Exactly two employees get the disease P(X=2) = (5C2)(0.2)^2(0.8)^3 = 0.19200 So the probability that none of the employees get the disease is 0.32768 And the probability that exactly two employees get the disease is 0.19200

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Program : MBA

    Semester : III
    Subject Code : QM0012
    Book ID : B1242
    Subject Name : Statistical Process Control and Process
    Capability
    Unit number :5
    Unit Title : Probability Distributions
    Lecture Number :5
    Lecture Title : Probability Distributions

    1
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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Probability Distributions

    Objectives :

    • Explain the concept of Random variables

    • Discuss Binomial, Poisson and Normal Distribution

    • Describe Standard Normal Variate

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Lecture Outline

    • Introduction
    • Random Variables
    • Types of Probability Distribution
    • Binomial Distribution
    • Assumptions of Binomial Distribution
    • Poisson Distribution

    • Assumptions of Poisson Distribution

    • Normal Distribution

    • Characteristics of Normal Distribution

    • Standard Normal Variate


    • Summary
    • Check your Learning
    • Activity

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Introduction

    • The probability distribution describes the range of possible values that


    a random variable can attain and the probability that the value of the
    random variable is within any (measurable) subset of that range.
    • The concept of the probability distribution and the random variables
    which they describe underlies the mathematical discipline of
    probability theory
    • Probability Distribution is a description of the possible values of a
    random variable, and of the probabilities of occurrence of these values

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Random Variables

    • Random variable is a variable that assumes any value for every


    occurrence of the event in a random experiment.
    • A Random Variable is a function, which assigns unique numerical
    values to all possible outcomes of a random experiment under fixed
    conditions
    • There are two types of random variables
     Continuous Random Variable
     Discrete Random Variable

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Types of Probability Distributions

    • Discrete probability distributions


    • A discrete probability distribution consists of all possible values of a
    discrete random variable along with their corresponding
    probabilities

    • Continuous probability distributions


    • In a continuous probability distribution, the variable under
    consideration assumes any value within a given range

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Binomial Distributions

     Binomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution.


     Its probability mass function is given by:

    • The binomial probability distribution is given by:

    • The mean and variance of the distribution are ‘np’ and ‘npq’ respectively
    • Some practical examples for Binomial distribution include:
     Number of defective items in a lot of ‘n’ items produced by a
    machine
     Number of seeds germinating among 10 seeds sown
     Number of heads turned in tossing 8 coins

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Assumptions for binomial distribution

    • The experiment should be of dichotomous nature


    • The probability of success should remain the same from
    experiment to experiment
    • Experiments should be conducted under identical conditions
    • Experiments should be statistically independent

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Poisson Distribution

    • A Poisson experiment is a statistical experiment that has the following


    properties:
     The experiment results in outcomes that can be classified as
    successes or failures.
     The average number of successes (μ) that occurs in a
    specified region is known.
    • Poisson distribution is a discrete distribution, completely characterized
    by one parameter ‘m’
    • The probability distribution of a Poisson random variable X is given by:

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Assumptions for Poisson Distribution

    Poisson distribution can be applied under the following assumptions.


    • The outcome of trial / experiment must be of dichotomous nature
    • The probability of success must remain the same for trials
    • The trials should be conducted under identical conditions
    • The trials should be statistically independent
    • The probability of success should be very small and ‘n’ should be
    large such that ‘np’ is a constant m [Generally, p < 0.1 and n >
    10]

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Normal Distribution

    • The normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a continuous


    probability distribution that often gives a good description of data that
    cluster around the mean.
    • The normal distribution is defined by the following equation:

    where X is a normal random variable, μ is the mean, σ is the


    standard deviation, π is approximately 3.14159, and e is
    approximately 2.71828.

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Characteristics of Normal Distribution

    • Normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution


    • Its mean is and standard deviation is  where and  are the
    parameters of the distribution
    • It is a bell-shaped curve and is symmetric about its mean
    • The mean divides the curve into two equal portions

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Standard Normal Variate

    The Standard Normal variate, ‘Z’ is


    given by:

    Where,
    •x is the value of random variable X
    •μ is the mean of the distribution
    random variable X
    •σ is the standard deviation of this
    distribution

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Summary

    • Probability Distribution is a description of the possible values of a random


    variable, and of the probabilities of occurrence of these values

    • A Random Variable is a function, which assigns unique numerical values to


    all possible outcomes of a random experiment under fixed conditions

    • Types of Probability Distribution are: Discrete and Continuous

    • Binomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution.

    • Probability mass function of Binomial Distribution is given by:

    • The probability distribution of a Poisson random variable X is given by:

    • The normal distribution is defined by the following equation:

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Check your Learning

    1. What is meant by Random Variable?


    Ans. A Random Variable is a function, which assigns unique numerical values to
    all possible outcomes of a random experiment under fixed conditions

    2. What are the assumptions of Poisson Distribution?


    Ans. The assumptions of Poisson Distribution are:
    • The outcome of trial / experiment must be of dichotomous nature
    • The probability of success must remain the same for trials
    • The trials should be conducted under identical conditions
    • The trials should be statistically independent
    • The probability of success should be very small and ‘n’ should be large such
    that ‘np’ is a constant m [Generally, p < 0.1 and n > 10]

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    Unit-5 Probability Distributions

    Activity

    Solve this:
    The probability that an employee getting occupational disease is
    20%. In a firm having five employees, what is the probability that:
    1. None of the employees get the disease
    2. Exactly two will get the disease
    3. More than four will contract the disease

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