秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Coverage Optimization
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Contents

 RF Optimization work flow

 RF common problems and methods of analysis
 RF common method of optimization
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

RF optimization process
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

RF optimization target

Index Requirement Standard

RSRP Portion of >-105dBm 95%

SINR （ CINR ） Portion of >0dB 95%

Connection success rate RRC Connection success rate 97%

Download ：
FTP download/upload Average throughput 25Mbps/15MHz
Upload ： 15Mbps/15MHz

 The data here is used for initial network optimization. The value i
s for receiver test if no special statement
 here is the reference index, for different projects, specific targets
and indicators of value trade-offs depend on the contract
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Preparation before RF optimization

 Make sure all the sites in cluster are commissioned
RF Optimization for a group or cluster of base stations should b
e at the same time, you cannot do a single site, so as to ensure
that the optimization is consider co-channel interference. Before
the adjustment of one site in order to prevent a negative impact
on other sites, detailed analysis of the adjustment impact on the
adjacent site is done.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Preparation before RF optimization

 Define the test route
 Before drive test, you shou
ld confirm with customer th
e test routes. Test routes s
hould be planned for all lau
nched site. On this basis, o
ptimizing the test line shoul
d include the main streets,
important places and VIP /
VIC. Design of test routes i
s an important factor in the
opening area ratio of the si
te.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Preparation before RF optimization

 Prepare test instruments
 Before the formal start optimizing, you need to check various typ
es of RF optimization software tools, such as our tools CNT / CN
A / CNO, etc., need to make sure the software is using the latest
version, if you are unsure, you can understand the software upd
ates through departments platform. Marked with various patches
need for timely and complete, but need to check the software lic
ense is expired or not, if not used or is about to expire, please u
pdate as soon as possible.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

RF common problems and methods of analysis

 Weak coverage
 Trans-Regional Coverage
 No dominant cell
 Interference Analysis
 Analysis of handover
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Weak coverage
 Such problems are usually the following response:
1. can enhance the pilot power, adjust the antenna orientation and the lower angl
e, increasing the antenna hung high, the replacement of higher-gain antennas
and other methods to optimize coverage.
2. For the adjacent part of the base station within the coverage area does not ove
rlap or not overlap the user some more large, should be the new base station,
or to increase the coverage of the surrounding base stations, so that increasin
g the depth of the two overlapping base station coverage, guaranteed The size
of the soft handovering region, while the coverage increases and then pay atte
ntion to the potential interference with adjacent channel.
3. For the canyons, hillsides, etc., causing the back of a weak base station cover
age area can be added or RRU, the extension of coverage; for the elevator sh
aft, tunnel, underground garage or basement, tall buildings can take advantage
of the internal signals blind RRU, indoor distribution System, leakage cable, dir
ectional antennas and other programs to solve.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Trans-Regional Coverage
 the trans-regional coverage usually refers to the coverage of so
me base stations exceeds the planned scope. Such problems ar
e usually the following solution:
1. reduce the power of cross-district coverage area;
2. reduce the antenna down tilt;
3. adjusting the antenna angle;
4. reduce the antenna height;
5. Replace the antenna. Use small-gain antenna. Mechanical dow
ntilt antenna replaced by electronic downtilt antenna. Lobe widt
h is narrower beam antenna replacement antenna lobe;
6. If the site is too high causing more area coverage, is invalid in t
he case of other means, you can consider adjusting the networ
k topology, the relocation site is too high.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

No dominant cell
 Such an area is no dominant or leading cell, replace cell too ofte
n. This will result in frequent handover, which reduces system eff
iciency, increasing the likelihood of dropped calls.
 Area for lead-free areas should be under the antenna by adjusti
ng the angle of inclination and direction of the other methods, an
d enhance a strong signal area (or close-quarters) of coverage,
weaken the other weak signal area (or remote area) coverage.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Interference Analysis
1. Downlink interference analysis
 Scanner DT test by analyzing the received SINR to target.
 If RSRP good coverage SINR falls below a certain threshold, but
there may be downward interference. Deterioration of regional id
entity out of the SINR, check the deterioration of the region dow
nstream RSRP coverage. If the difference is down RSRP covera
ge also identified as coverage issues, coverage issues in the an
alysis to be addressed. SINR for the RSRP good and bad situati
on recognized as the downlink interference problems because o
f interference and to resolve them.
2. Uplink interference
 Uplink interference problem judges by checking noise floor of sit
e. If the noise floor of a cell is too high, and there is no equivalen
t high-traffic is present, confirm the presence of uplink interferen
ce problems, analysis interference and resolve.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Analysis of handover
 Neighbor list optimization focus on neighbor list missing. Neighb
or list missing will lead to dropped calls. Through the drive test d
ata analysis software and statistical analysis, for each district to
provide neighbor list added, deleted, reservations recommended
.
 By adjusting azimuth and downtilt of the antenna, we change po
sition of handover area and signal distribution. If the handover ar
ea is too small, can solved by reducing downtilt or adjust the azi
muth. If you handover zone signal changes too frequently, appro
priate azimuth and downtilt adjustments could be considered to
ensure a smooth change of a single cell.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

RF common method of optimization

 Antenna azimuth adjustment
 Antenna downtilt adjustment
 Neighbor list / PCI adjustment
 Basic wireless parameters verification
 Adjust the antenna height
 Adjust the antenna location
 Adjust the antenna connector
 to use particular antenna
 Adjust the accessories, such as the tower amplifier
 Modified downlink power
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Antenna downtilt calculation formula

 Antennas downtilt formula 1

θ = atan (2H / L) * 360 / (2 * p) + b / 2 - e_γ
 Antennas downtilt formula 2
θ = atan (H / L) * 360 / (2 * p) - e_γ
Where: θ indicates initial antenna mechanical downtilt; H indica
tes site effective height; L indicates that the distance betwee
n antenna and cell coverage edge; b represents the vertical l
obe angle; e_γ indicates electronic downtilt.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Antenna downtilt calculation formula instruction

1. Formula 1 main scenarios: Under urban dense sites, for the mo

st energy of the antenna radiation in the coverage area can red
uce the interference of neighboring cells, when setting the initia
l downtilt, the antenna's half-power point above the main lobe a
im at coverage edge (defined as L / 2). Generally not recomme
nded to set initial downtilt according to the formula, avoid the ini
tial inclination may be set too high, which lead to network cover
age problems, and more as reference of optimization.
2. Formula 2 is the general formula, the main scenarios: in the su
burbs, villages, roads, sea and so far as to cover as much as p
ossible, can reduce the initial downtilt, so that a maximum gain
of the antenna main lobe is aligned on cell edge.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Antenna downtilt calculation formula instruction

3. The actual wireless network optimization, optimization of the an

tenna set up downtilt depends mainly on the analysis of drive te
st data to complete.
 According to the SINR of the pilot overlay can draw the coverage of each
sector, the sector for more area coverage, consider increasing the antenn
a down tilt, as required under the angle to increase the amount of formula
1 can be used to refer to As RF optimization of empirical strong, many pe
ople in this setting is also under the angle and the surrounding environme
nt.
 For the more serious areas covered sectors, optimizing the antenna set m
ay be greater than under the dip calculated under the formula of a much l
arger angle.
 For the coverage is insufficient, or contaminated areas to be used in the p
ilot frequency optimal use of the leading sectors do, as long as more area
s will not be the optimal coverage, the antenna is less than under the dip
can be calculated by the formula 1 under the angle, Even less than calcul
ated by the formula 2 under the angle.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Downlink power allocation principle

 power allocation principle defined by 3GPP 36.213
 For the OFDM symbol does not contain the RS,
 Definite = PDSCH-to-RS EPRE ratio
 A =  power-offset  PA [dB]
Among them, the  power -offset only effective multi-user MIMO, and the r
emaining values are 0dB format. PA UE-specific parameter con
figured by the RRC , its range is [3,2,1,0, -1.77, -3, -4.77, -6] dB.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Downlink power allocation principle

 For the OFDM symbol that contains RS
 Definition  B = PDSCH-to-RS EPRE ratio, the value of  B which
provided by the following table ,  B /  A PB and the value of the n
umber of antenna port. PB is high-level configuration parameter
, is cell specific.
B /  A

PB Two and Four Antenna

One Antenna Port
Ports

0 1 5/4
1 4/5 1
2 3/5 3/4
3 2/5 1/2
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Downlink power allocation principle

Within the OFDM in the presence of RS, and does not contain withi
n the OFDM symbol, respectively, the following equation holds.

Single antenna port (  B /  A * 5) and two, four antenna port (  B /  A *

4) .The two values are equal, so the value of P has nothing to
CRS _ RE

do with the antenna ports.

 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Downlink power allocation principle

 For example, 20M-bandwidth, coupled with the maximum symbo
l power 20w assumption (43dBm). We can estimate the range of
reference signal power. Calculated on the basis of above rule, th
e combination of the various possible values , B /  A

PA and P is,
CRS _ RE

（ dBm ）
(dB) Type B
Type A

3 9.586 10.457 11.549 13.010 9.208

2 10.494 11.343 12.400 13.799 10.218
1 11.370 12.193 13.208 14.537 11.218
0 12.218 13.010 13.979 15.228 12.218
-1.77 13.638 14.363 15.234 16.325 13.988
-3 14.559 15.228 16.020 16.990 15.228
-4.77 15.739 16.319 16.989 17.781 16.988
-6 16.478 16.989 17.570 18.239 18.239
Average() 13.010 13.737 14.618 15.738 13.413
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

RS power parameter configuration

 RS (Cell-specific Reference Signals Power): This parameter indi
cates the cell reference signal power (absolute value). Referenc
e signal is used for the cell search, downlink channel estimation,
channel detection, directly impact on cell coverage. This parame
ter is broadcast by SIB2 notice UE, and in the whole system ban
dwidth and the downlink sub-frames is all constant, unless SIB2
message updates (such as the RS-power enhancement).
 RS parameters configuration instructions: downlink power settin
gs are based on reference signal power, so the reference signal
power settings and change, affecting the entire downlink power
setting. RS power too large will cause pilot pollution, and inter-c
ell interference; too small will cause cell selection or re-selection
failure, the data channel cannot demodulation.
 秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲

Cell Transmit Power parameter configuration

 Cell Transmit Power parameter configuration
 Cell actually used transmission power (Cell Transmit Power): Thi
s parameter indicates the actual use of cell transmit power.
 Cell Transmit Power parameter configuration instructions: depen
ds on network planning and coverage is expected to determine t
he maximum cell transmit power, both to ensure effective covera
ge and avoid cross-district coverage. This parameter is the cell t
otal multi-antenna transmit power. 43dBm corresponds to 20W,
46dBm corresponds to 40W.
秘密 Proprietary Confidential▲