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    Microprocesadores Y Microcontroladores: Profesor: Javier Ferney Castillo Garcia

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    Raul Steven Ramos Muñoz
    The document provides a history of computers from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern microprocessors. It discusses early mechanical computers in the 1800s developed by Babbage and Lovelace, the first programmable electronic computers using vacuum tubes in the 1940s-1950s like Colossus and UNIVAC. The development of transistors and integrated circuits led to smaller computers in the 1960s. The first microprocessor, the Intel 4004, was created in 1971. Personal computers emerged in the 1970s and the IBM PC popularized the open architecture standard. The 21st century brought increasing integration, performance, connectivity and new architectures like quantum computing.

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    Microprocesadores Y Microcontroladores: Profesor: Javier Ferney Castillo Garcia

    Uploaded by

    Raul Steven Ramos Muñoz
    53 views28 pages
    The document provides a history of computers from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern microprocessors. It discusses early mechanical computers in the 1800s developed by Babbage and Lovelace, the first programmable electronic computers using vacuum tubes in the 1940s-1950s like Colossus and UNIVAC. The development of transistors and integrated circuits led to smaller computers in the 1960s. The first microprocessor, the Intel 4004, was created in 1971. Personal computers emerged in the 1970s and the IBM PC popularized the open architecture standard. The 21st century brought increasing integration, performance, connectivity and new architectures like quantum computing.

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    The document provides a history of computers from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern microprocessors. It discusses early mechanical computers in the 1800s developed by Babbage and Lovelace, the first programmable electronic computers using vacuum tubes in the 1940s-1950s like Colossus and UNIVAC. The development of transistors and integrated circuits led to smaller computers in the 1960s. The first microprocessor, the Intel 4004, was created in 1971. Personal computers emerged in the 1970s and the IBM PC popularized the open architecture standard. The 21st century brought increasing integration, performance, connectivity and new architectures like quantum computing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    53 views28 pages

    Microprocesadores Y Microcontroladores: Profesor: Javier Ferney Castillo Garcia

    Uploaded by

    Raul Steven Ramos Muñoz
    The document provides a history of computers from ancient counting tools like the abacus to modern microprocessors. It discusses early mechanical computers in the 1800s developed by Babbage and Lovelace, the first programmable electronic computers using vacuum tubes in the 1940s-1950s like Colossus and UNIVAC. The development of transistors and integrated circuits led to smaller computers in the 1960s. The first microprocessor, the Intel 4004, was created in 1971. Personal computers emerged in the 1970s and the IBM PC popularized the open architecture standard. The 21st century brought increasing integration, performance, connectivity and new architectures like quantum computing.

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    MICROPROCESADORES Y

    MICROCONTROLADORES

    Profesor:
    Javier Ferney Castillo Garcia
    Javier.castillo00@usc.edu.co
    Cel: 315 465 7286
    Agend
    a
    Historia de los computadores e introducción a la
    arquitectura de computadores
    • Breve historia de los computadores
    • Modelos de computadores
    • El modelo del sistema de buses de datos
    • Niveles de Programación
    • Compilación, ensamblado y enlace de procesos

    • El estudiante hace la lectura sobre la Arquitectura


    interna del microprocesador y la interfaz de memoria
    Short History of Computers
    First computing tool: Abacus 30000 BC
    – Beads and rods to count and calculate
    Short History of Computers
    First computing tool: Abacus 30000 BC
    – Beads and rods to count and calculate
    Short History of Computers

    • Jacquard Loom – 1801


    – It is a mechanical loom invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard
    – Goal: Manufacturing textiles with complex patterns.
    – It is controlled by punched cards
    Short History of Computers

    • Charles Babbage (Father of computing) – Difference (1822) and


    analytical (1833) engine
    – Difference engine – Calculator using the principle of finite differences.
    – Analytical engine – Programmed using punched cards. It was intended to
    use sequential control, branching, and looping.
    Short History of Computers

    • Augusta Ada Byron


    King, Countess of
    Lovelace 1815-1852

    – She created the first


    program on the
    Babbage’s analytical
    engine, which computed
    Bernoulli numbers.

    – She is considered as
    the first programmer.
    Short History of Computers

    • Vacuum tubes (1941 – 1956)


    – Diode and triode circuits inside glass tubes.
    – As modern transistors, its size depends on the signal power they
    Short History of Computers

    Colossus Mark I & II 1943/1944


    – First programmable electrical computer
    – It was used in Bletchley Park to decode German codes in
    the Second War World (Enigma code)
    Short History of Computers

    • Univac / ENIAC (Vacuum tubes based computer) 1951.


    – It was created at the University of Pennsylvania
    – Weight: 30T
    – Vacuum tubes: 18000
    – Cost: US$ 487.000
    – Frequency of operation: 2.25Mhz
    – Number of operations / s: 1000
    Short History of Computers

    • Grace Hopper
    (1906-1992)
    – She developed the
    first compiler (A-
    0) using the Univac
    1.
    – She found a moth
    stuck in a relay,
    which in turn was
    responsible for a
    malfunction (a
    BUG).
    – She called to this
    event: debugging
    Short History of Computers

    First transistor (1948, John Bardeen, William Shockley and Walter


    Brattain) and integrated circuits (1956, Jack Kilby and Robert
    Noyce)
    – It uses Silicon
    – On-off switch
    – It replaced vacuum tubes
    – Integrated circuits: transistors, resistors and capacitors integrated
    together into a single chip.
    Short History of Computers

    DEC, PDP-1
    – Main memory of 4096 words of 18bit wide, upgradeable to
    65536
    – Clock frequency: 200Khz.
    – It was designed as a transistor switching net.
    Short History of Computers

    • The first microprocessor, Intel 4004, 1971.


    – Number of transistors used: 2300
    – Frequency of operation: 108Khz.
    – Same processing power of 3000 m3 Eniac.
    Short History of Computers

    • Personal computers – 1974/1975


    – Scelbi Mark-8 Altair and IBM 5100 (256Kb RAM, 8080 chips, 2Mhz,
    US$495)
    – Afterwards, Apple I,II, TRS-80, and Commodore Pet computers by
    1977
    Short History of Computers
    Short History of Computers

    • Apple Macintosh – 1981 • IBM PC – 1981


    – First computer with a WIMP – Microsoft Disk Operating System
    interface (Windows, Icons, (MS-DOS)
    Mouse and Pointer) – The IBM PC's open
    – Processor Motorola 68000 architecture made it the de
    – 8Mhz facto standard platform
    – 128Kb RAM – Processor 8088, 4.77Mhz
    – Price: US$ 1995 – US$ 2495 – 16Kb – 640Kb RAM
    – Price: US$5000 – US$ 20000.
    Short History of Computers
    Short History of Computers
    • 21st Century computing
    – Increasing integration level 30% for
    each generation.
    – Increasing performance, 30x at
    2020
    and 1000x at 2030.
    – Builders tendencies: to make
    microprocessor devices for specific
    markets and applications.
    – Devices must be always connected:
    GSM, GPRS, BlueTooth, IEEE802.11,
    IrDA, NFC, RFID
    – Software development
    methodologies
    applied to Firmware development
    Short History of Computers

    21st Century computing –


    Scientific
    and Academic Roadmap
    – Markets: connected devices will
    rise from 12.5 billions in 2010 to 50
    billions at 2020.
    – Power consumption and
    Multicore systems: development of
    micro-architectures with
    heterogeneous cores.
    – Virtualization: clusters of cores.
    Short History of Computers

    21st Century computing –


    Scientific and Academic Roadmap
    – SoC Architectures:
    Microprocessors with accelerators,
    or heterogeneous CPU with FPGAS
    and specialized IO.
    – Trusted communications: Data
    encryption support – Trusted
    Platform Module.
    – Software development:
    Development in C and C++ using
    software development
    methologies.
    Short History of Computers

    21st Century computing


    – Increase in speed
    – Increase in memory
    – Increase in storage
    – Decrease in consumption
    – Decrease in size
    – Increase in networking capabilities
    – Portable
    – Always wireless
    – Quantum computers !!! -
    http://www.dwavesys.com/en/dev-
    tutorial-hardware.html,
    http://www.howstuffworks.com/quan
    tum-computer.htm
    Short History of Computers
    Short History of Computers
    Short History of Computers
    Short History of Computers
    Short History of Computers
    Questions?

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