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    Factoring and Solving Polynomial Equations

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    Mark Francis Hernandez
    The document discusses various methods for factoring and solving polynomial equations, including: 1) Factoring by grouping common terms; 2) Using the quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations that cannot be factored; and 3) Factoring the sum and difference of cubes using special patterns.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Factoring and Solving Polynomial Equations

    Uploaded by

    Mark Francis Hernandez
    97 views13 pages
    The document discusses various methods for factoring and solving polynomial equations, including: 1) Factoring by grouping common terms; 2) Using the quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations that cannot be factored; and 3) Factoring the sum and difference of cubes using special patterns.

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    5.4-factoring_and_solving_polynomial_equations

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    The document discusses various methods for factoring and solving polynomial equations, including: 1) Factoring by grouping common terms; 2) Using the quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations that cannot be factored; and 3) Factoring the sum and difference of cubes using special patterns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    97 views13 pages

    Factoring and Solving Polynomial Equations

    Uploaded by

    Mark Francis Hernandez
    The document discusses various methods for factoring and solving polynomial equations, including: 1) Factoring by grouping common terms; 2) Using the quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations that cannot be factored; and 3) Factoring the sum and difference of cubes using special patterns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Factoring and Solving

    Polynomial Equations
    Factor Polynomial Expressions
    In the previous lesson, you factored various
    polynomial expressions. Groupi
    ng –
    factor t co m m o
    h n
    Common terms a e first two
    Factor n d t h en
    two ter the last
    ms.
    Such as:
    x – 2x = (x – 2)
    3 2 x 2

    x – x – 3x + 3x =
    4 3 2 x(x 3
    – x 2
    – 3x + 3)
    = x[x 2
    (x – 1) – 3(x – 1)]
    Comm
    Factor
    on
    = x(x 2
    – 3)(x – 1)
    Solving Polynomial Equations
    The expressions on the previous slide are
    now equations:

    y = x3 – 2x2 and y = x4 – x3 – 3x2 +3x

    To solve these equations, we will be solving


    for x when y = 0.
    Solve
    Let y = 0
    y = x3 – 2x2 Common factor
    0 = x3 – 2x2 Separate the factors and set
    0 = x2(x – 2) them equal to zero.

    Solve for x
    x2 = 0 or x – 2 = 0
    x=0 x=2

    Therefore, the roots are 0 and 2.


    Solve
    y = x4 – x3 – 3x2 + 3x Let y = 0
    0 = x4 – x3 – 3x2 + 3x Common factor
    0 = x(x3 – x2 – 3x + 3) Group
    0 =x[x2(x – 1) – 3(x – 1)]
    0 = x(x – 1)(x2 – 3) Separate the factors and set
    them equal to zero.
    x = 0 or x – 1 = 0 or x2 – 3 = 0 Solve for x
    x=0 x=1 x=  3

    Therefore, the roots are 0, 1 and


    ±1.73
    The Quadratic Formula

     b  b 2  4ac
    x where a  0
    2a

    For equations in quadratic form: ax2 + bx + c = 0, we can use


    the quadratic formula to solve for the roots of the equation.

    This equation is normally used when factoring is not an


    option.
    Using the Quadratic Formula
    Solve the following cubic equation:
    y = x3 + 5x2 – 9x Can this equation be to solve for x
    We still need
    factored?here. Can this equation be
    0 =YES
    x(xit2 can
    + 5x– – 9) factored?
    x =common
    0 factor.
    x2 + 5x – 9 = 0
    No. however,
    We can, There are no usetwo
    the quadratic formula.
    integers that will multiply
    a = 1to -9 andadd
    ( 5) to
     5.
    ( 5)2  4(1)( 9) Remember, the
    x
    (2)(1) root 0 came from
    b=5 an earlier step.
    5  61
    x
    c = -9 2 Therefore, the roots are 0, 6.41 and
    x  6.41,  1.41 -1.41.
    Factoring Sum or Difference of
    Cubes
    If you have a sum or difference of cubes such as a3 + b3 or
    a3 – b3, you can factor by using the following patterns.

    Sum of Two Cubes


    a 3  b3  (a  b)(a 2  ab  b 2 )
    Difference of Two Cubes
    a  b  (a  b)(a  ab  b )
    3 3 2 2

    Note: The first and last term are cubed and these are binomials.
    Example
    Factor x3 + 343.
    Note: This is a binomial. Are the first and last terms
    cubed? 3 x 3  x 3
    343  7
    a 3  b 3  (a  b)(a 2  ab  b 2 )

    x3 + 343 = (x)3 + (7)3


    = ( x + 7 )( x2 - 7x + 49)
    Example
    Factor 64a4 – 27a
    = a(64a3 – 27)
    Note: Binomial. Is the
    first and last terms
    cubes?
    = a( (4a)3 – (3)3)
    Note: a3  b3  (a  b)(a 2  ab  b 2 )
    = a( 4a - 3)( 16a2 + 12a + 9 )
    Factor by Grouping
    Some four term polynomials can be factor by grouping.

    Example. Factor 3x3 + 7x2 +12x + 28


    Step 1 Pair the terms.
    (3 x 3  7 x 2 )  (12 x  28)
    Step 2 Factor out common factor from each pair.
    x 2 (3x  7)  4(3x  7)

    Identical factors
    Step 3 Factor out common factor from each term.

    (3 x  7)( x 2  4)
    Example
    Factor 3x3 + 7x2 -12x - 28

    Step 1 (3 x 3  7 x 2 )  (12 x  28)


    Note: Subtraction is
    the same as adding a
    negative
    Step 2 x 2 (3 x  7)  (4)(3x  7)
    Step 3 (3x  7)( x 2  4)
    Note: This factor can
    (3x  7)( x  2)( x  2) be further factored
    Solving Polynomial Equations
    Solve x 3  2 x 2  9 x  18

    Set equation equal to zero.


    x 3  2 x 2  9 x  18  0
    Factor.
    ( x 3  2 x 2 )  ( 9 x  18)  0
    x 2 ( x  2)  ( 9)( x  2)  0
    ( x 2  9)( x  2)  0
    ( x  3)( x  3)( x  2)  0
    Set each factor equal to zero and solve.
    ( x  3)  0 ( x  3)  0 ( x  2)  0
    x  3 x3 x  2

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