The document discusses the basic needs model of development communication. It describes the basic needs model as focusing on meeting people's minimum needs for food, shelter, education, healthcare, and livelihood. The model emphasizes equal distribution of resources and measuring quality of life over economic indicators like GNP. It advocates satisfying non-material needs once basic material needs are met. People's participation in decision making and upholding dignity are also highlighted as key features of the basic needs model.
The document discusses the basic needs model of development communication. It describes the basic needs model as focusing on meeting people's minimum needs for food, shelter, education, healthcare, and livelihood. The model emphasizes equal distribution of resources and measuring quality of life over economic indicators like GNP. It advocates satisfying non-material needs once basic material needs are met. People's participation in decision making and upholding dignity are also highlighted as key features of the basic needs model.
The document discusses the basic needs model of development communication. It describes the basic needs model as focusing on meeting people's minimum needs for food, shelter, education, healthcare, and livelihood. The model emphasizes equal distribution of resources and measuring quality of life over economic indicators like GNP. It advocates satisfying non-material needs once basic material needs are met. People's participation in decision making and upholding dignity are also highlighted as key features of the basic needs model.
The document discusses the basic needs model of development communication. It describes the basic needs model as focusing on meeting people's minimum needs for food, shelter, education, healthcare, and livelihood. The model emphasizes equal distribution of resources and measuring quality of life over economic indicators like GNP. It advocates satisfying non-material needs once basic material needs are met. People's participation in decision making and upholding dignity are also highlighted as key features of the basic needs model.
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UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF MEDIA
STUDIES DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION Prepared by – Dr. Kamaljeet Kaur
Basic need model
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER 1 Lecture Objectives
1 To understand the concept of basic need model.
2 To be aware about the roles of basic need model
Lecture Outcomes LO ELEMENTS Level Number LO1 Students will get to know about basic need model Apply LO2 Students will identify the role of basic need model . Analys Basic Need e h
3 Basic Needs Approach • The quality of life of human being cannot be measured indicators like GNP and per capita income. • In this light, economist Paul Streeten and others have proposed the basic needs approach, which has been supported by the World Bank, UNESCO and ILO. • They propound a concept for eliminating some of the worst aspects of poverty. (Streeten 1979 cited in Melkote, 1991, p.198).
4 https://images.app.goo.gl/E7nasVrT8o3E9TiN7 The major features of the approach are
• To measure the basic needs approach,
Overseas Development Council has developed the physical quality of life index. • Adequacy of food and clean drinking water • Decent shelter • Education • Security and livelihood. • Adequate transport https://images.app.goo.gl/o5NfmUG15MoCx wbPA 5 BASIC NEEDS MODEL • The Basic Needs Model or the Latin American world Model is conducted by Amilcar Herrera, also became well known around the world. • The Bariloche Foundation in Argentina (1973) first developed a world model to show the possibility of meeting the basic needs of people all over the world based on certain assumptions. • It was introduced by International Labour Organization's World Employment Conference in 1976. It is also called ILO model of Basic Needs. BASIC NEEDS MODEL • In this model there is increased emphasis on the importance of equal distribution of rewards, quality of life and meeting basic human needs. • The model advocated for the satisfaction of non-material needs for quality of life once the material needs are satisfied. • Development must reach to the poorest of the poor and satisfy their basic minimum needs e.g. food, clothes, shelter, education, healthcare etc. by providing employment and income. • It was an attempt to deal directly with the world poverty by meeting the basic needs of the lowest 40% income groups. In this model, the emphasis shifted from measuring income per capita as a growth indicator to measuring the physical quality of life (PQLI) as the indicator of welfare. • PQLI is measured by life expectancy (Life expectancy, is a statistical measure of the average time an organism is expected to live, based on the year of its birth, its current age and other demographic) • 2nd is infant mortality rate (IMR is the number of deaths of infants below one year in a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year. India=55, USA=6.3, World=49.4 IMR as per 2006 United Nations Population Division report) • literacy. BASIC NEEDS MODEL CAUSES OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO BNM • Poor organization of the poor. Organization of the poor serves three purposes: • participate in community life. • to overcome the mere survival strategy. • to break a pattern of powerlessness, exploitation, permanent indebtedness, and a state of dependency bordering slavery. • Lack of proper policy framework for development. • It should have multiple growth goals: • a commitment to development from bottom-up • grass-root organizations participating in planning, decision making and implementing in areas affecting communities. • substantial allocation of national funds for health, education and housing in favour of the lowest 40% income. Communication Model in BNM: • Decentralization of communication networks • democratization of their control • Decentralization and rural integrated development in this model suggest two-way communication, both top-down and bottom-up in the development infrastructure. • The top-down communication is from the govt. to the masses for awareness of the basic amenities provided. • It is based on the assumption that people who need development are incapable of understanding their needs, of planning development schemes and of executing them on their own. • Hence there is a need for experts. The drawback is no involvement of people for whom development is meant Communication Model in BNM: • A bottom-up communication from the people to the development planners for need based programs. The supporters of this approach believe in the ability of people who need dev. • In BNM, the emphasis is on inter-personal communication channels, which are used to inform, educate, motivate and persuade the masses with support from the mass media.
• The govt. should provide community TV, radio sets and newspapers etc. and make use of satellites and other improved methods of broadcasting, such as short-wave, to the poor who have low physical accessibility to mass media because of low purchasing power or living in areas where reach of the media is low. • Though the BNM is not yet considered as a replacement for development strategy but it has contributed a lot in shaping the policy of many developing countries. The major features of the approach are
• People’s participation in decision making
• Upholding an individual’s dignity and self respect. • Infant mortality • literacy
13 BOOKs & REFERENCES Text Books:-Nibedita Phukan , Development Communication: • Impact of Multinational Corporations on Developing Countries Reserach paper by Shameema Ferdausy Md. Sahidur Rahman Online References Anonymous. Economic Development And The Basic Needs Approach: An Overview Of Literature[Web log post]. Retrieved December 01, 2017 from http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in
14 Summary • Basic need Model • Maslow hieratical thoery • Major feature
