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    Justin Brian Chiongson, M. SC., RCH Relicardo M. Coloso, Ph. D., RCH

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    Aiza Cecilia
    Biochemistry is the study of life at the molecular level by examining the chemical processes within living organisms. It has three primary areas of focus: structural and functional biochemistry explores biomolecule structures and arrangements, informational biochemistry defines systems for storing and transmitting biological data, and bioenergetics describes energy flow in living things. The key molecules of life include water, organic compounds like nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and inorganic elements and compounds.

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    Justin Brian Chiongson, M. SC., RCH Relicardo M. Coloso, Ph. D., RCH

    Uploaded by

    Aiza Cecilia
    87 views23 pages
    Biochemistry is the study of life at the molecular level by examining the chemical processes within living organisms. It has three primary areas of focus: structural and functional biochemistry explores biomolecule structures and arrangements, informational biochemistry defines systems for storing and transmitting biological data, and bioenergetics describes energy flow in living things. The key molecules of life include water, organic compounds like nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and inorganic elements and compounds.

    Original Description:

    BIOCHEMISTRY

    Original Title

    1_-_Intro_to_Biochemistry

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    Biochemistry is the study of life at the molecular level by examining the chemical processes within living organisms. It has three primary areas of focus: structural and functional biochemistry explores biomolecule structures and arrangements, informational biochemistry defines systems for storing and transmitting biological data, and bioenergetics describes energy flow in living things. The key molecules of life include water, organic compounds like nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and inorganic elements and compounds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    87 views23 pages

    Justin Brian Chiongson, M. SC., RCH Relicardo M. Coloso, Ph. D., RCH

    Uploaded by

    Aiza Cecilia
    Biochemistry is the study of life at the molecular level by examining the chemical processes within living organisms. It has three primary areas of focus: structural and functional biochemistry explores biomolecule structures and arrangements, informational biochemistry defines systems for storing and transmitting biological data, and bioenergetics describes energy flow in living things. The key molecules of life include water, organic compounds like nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, and inorganic elements and compounds.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 23

    INTRODUCTION

    TO
    BIOCHEMISTRY

    Prepared by:

    Justin Brian Chiongson, M. Sc., RCh


    Relicardo M. Coloso, Ph. D., RCh
    I ST RY ?
    I O CHE M
    HAT I S B
    W
    BIOCHEMISTRY

    • chemistry of life processes


    • Study of life at the molecular level
    • Studying the chemical processes of living
    organisms
    BIOCHEMISTRY
    3 primary areas of biochemistry:
    1. Structural and functional biochemistry
    - focuses initially on discovering the chemical
    structures and three-dimensional arrangements of
    biomolecules (protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic
    acids), those chemicals that are found in living
    matter

    2. Informational biochemistry
    - defines the language(s) for storing biological data
    and for transmitting that data in cells and organisms.
    BIOCHEMISTRY

    3. Bioenergetics
    - describes the flow of energy in living
    organisms and how it may be transferred from
    one process to another.
    M I ST RY
    B I O C H E
    D I D
    HOW E TO B E ?
    CO M
    History of Biochemistry

    • The Chinese in the fourth century B.C.


    believed that humans contained five
    elements: water, fire, wood, metal, and earth.

    • When all elements were present in proper


    balance, good health resulted. An imbalance
    in the elements caused illness.
    History of Biochemistry

    • The early Greeks, including Plato (428–348


    B.C.), attempted to explain the body in terms
    of cosmological theories and stressed diet for
    treatment of disease.

    • The Greek term for digestion, pepsis, a word


    indicating inner heat, is the origin of the word
    pepsin, a digestive enzyme.
    History of Biochemistry
    • The Greek physician Galen (A.D. 129–199) campaigned
    for a pharmacological approach using plant and animal
    products for disease treatment.

    • Paracelsus (A.D. 1493–1541) asserted that man is made


    out of the same material as the rest of creation.

    • Chinese physicians discovered in the seventh century


    A.D. that night blindness could be treated with pig and
    sheep livers.
    History of Biochemistry

    • Fredrich Wöhler (1800-1882) demonstrated in


    1828 that urea, a compound that had only
    been associated with living cells, could be
    synthesized from an inorganic compound
    outside of the cell.

    • 1903: Neuberg defined Biochemistry as the


    CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
    Development of Biochemistry
    Development of Biochemistry
    Development of Biochemistry
    A R E T H E
    W H A T E ?
    S O F L I F
    R I B U T E
    ATT
    Origins of life on earth
    • About 4 billion years ago, life arose on earth
    • Simple organisms that were able to extract
    energy from organic compounds or from
    sunlight, which they used to make more
    complex biomolecules from the simple
    elements and compounds on the surface of
    the earth.
    BIOCHEMISTRY
    Attributes of Life – distinguishing features of
    living organisms
    1. High degree of Complexity and Organization
    2. Possess a characteristic size and shape
    3. Growth and Repair
    4. Reproduction
    5. Metabolism
    6. Adaptation
    7. Regulation
    BIOCHEMISTRY
    Attributes of Life
    8. Response to stimuli or sensitivity
    9. Variation and Change
    10. Stereospecificity
    12. Systems for extracting, transforming,
    and using energy from the environment
    C E S O R
    U B S TA N
    E T H E S G
    T A R R N I N
    WHA U L E S G O V E
    MO L EC T RY ?
    H E M I S
    BI O C
    BIOCHEMISTRY
    Chemicals of Life
    • Water
    Human cells (70%), Blood (80%), whole body
    (60-70%)
    • Organic Compounds
    Nucleic Acids, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats and
    Lipids
    • Inorganic Compounds
    Bulk elements: N, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, and Ca
    Trace elements: Fe, Zn, I, Ar, Br, Mo, V
    Functional Groups

    Biomolecules
    -compounds of
    carbon with a
    variety of
    functional groups
    BIOCHEMISTRY
    • Small molecules:
    – Lipid, phospholipid, glycolipid, sterol,
    – Vitamin
    – Hormone, neurotransmitter
    – Carbohydrate, sugar
    • Monomers:
    – Amino acids
    – Nucleotides
    – Monosaccharides
    • Polymers:
    – Peptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, proteins
    – Nucleic acids, i.e. DNA, RNA
    – Oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (including cellulose )
    S P EC I A L
    AT I S S O
    W H B O N ?
    U T C A R
    A B O
    Chemistry of carbon
    • Carbon is a tetravalent atom

    • Carbon can form single, double,


    and triple bonds

    • Carbon atoms are able to bond


    together to form long chains and
    rings.

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