Glenn Camaymayan

The Lips
two fleshy folds that surround the oral orifice
The substance of the lips is made up by the orbicularis
oris muscle
The philtrum
 shallow vertical groove seen in the midline on the outer
surface of the upper lip
labial frenulae
 Median folds of mucous membrane that connect the inner
surface of the lips to the gums
Roof of Mouth
formed by the hard palate in front and the soft palate
behind
Floor of Mouth
formed largely by the anterior two thirds of the tongue
frenulum of the tongue
connects the undersurface of the tongue in the midline
to the floor of the mouth
plica fimbriata
Lateral to the frenulum, the mucous membrane forms a
fringed fold
The submandibular duct of the submandibular gland
opens onto the floor of the mouth on the summit of a
small papilla on either side of the frenulum of the
tongue
The sublingual gland projects up into the mouth,
producing a low fold of mucous membrane, the
sublingual fold
Sensory Innervation of the Mouth
Roof: The greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves
from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
Floor: The lingual nerve (common sensation), a
branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal
nerve. The taste fibers travel in the chorda tympani
nerve, a branch of the facial nerve.
Cheek: The buccal nerve, a branch of the mandibular
division of the trigeminal nerve (the buccinator
muscle is innervated by the buccal branch of the
facial nerve)
The Teeth
Deciduous Teeth
 20 deciduous teeth: four incisors, two canines, and four
molars in each jaw.
 begin to erupt about 6 months after birth and have all
erupted by the end of 2 years
 The teeth of the lower jaw usually appear before those of the
upper jaw.
Permanent Teeth
 32 permanent teeth: four incisors, two canines, four
premolars, and six molars in each jaw
 begin to erupt at 6 years of age
 The last tooth to erupt is the third molar, which may happen
between the ages of 17 and 30
The Tongue
mass of striated muscle covered with mucous
membrane
divided into right and left halves by a median fibrous
septum
Mucous Membrane of the Tongue
sulcus terminalis
 serves to divide the tongue into the anterior two thirds, or
oral part, and the posterior third, or pharyngeal part.
 Three types of papillae are present on the upper surface of
the anterior two thirds of the tongue: the filiform papillae,
the fungiform papillae, and the vallate papillae.
Muscles of the Tongue
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Intrinsic Muscles

Longitudinal Median septum and Mucous membrane Hypoglossal nerve Alters shape of tongue
submucosa
Transverse
Vertical
Extrinsic Muscles

Genioglossus Superior genial spine of Blends with other muscles Hypoglossal nerve Protrudes apex of tongue
mandible of tongue through mouth
Hyoglossus Body and greater cornu of Blends with other muscles Hypoglossal nerve Depresses tongue
hyoid bone of tongue
Styloglossus Styloid process of Blends with other muscles Hypoglossal nerve Draws tongue upward and
temporal bone of tongue backward
Palatoglossus Palatine aponeurosis Side of tongue Pharyngeal plexus Pulls roots of tongue
upward and backward,
narrows oropharyngeal
isthmus
Blood Supply
 The lingual artery, the tonsillar branch of the facial artery, and the
ascending pharyngeal artery supply the tongue.
 veins drain into the internal jugular vein
Lymph Drainage
 Tip: Submental lymph nodes
 Sides of the anterior two thirds: Submandibular and deep cervical
lymph nodes
 Posterior third: Deep cervical lymph nodes
Sensory Innervation
 Anterior two thirds: Lingual nerve branch of mandibular division of
trigeminal nerve (general sensation) and chorda tympani branch of
the facial nerve (taste)
 Posterior third: Glossopharyngeal nerve (general sensation and
taste)
The Palate
forms the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity
divided into two parts: the hard palate in front and the soft
palate behind
Hard Palate
 formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae and the
horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Soft Palate
 mobile fold attached to the posterior border of the hard palate
 Its free posterior border presents in the midline a conical
projection called the uvula
 is composed of mucous membrane, palatine aponeurosis, and
muscles.
Muscles of the Soft Palate
Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Supply Action
Tensor veli palatini Spine of sphenoid, With muscle of other side, Nerve to medial pterygoid Tenses soft palate
auditory tube forms palatine aponeurosis from mandibular nerve

Levator veli palatini Petrous part of temporal Palatine aponeurosis Pharyngeal plexus Raises soft palate
bone, auditory tube
Palatoglossus Palatine aponeurosis Side of tongue Pharyngeal plexus Pulls root of tongue
upward and backward,
narrows oropharyngeal
isthmus
Palatopharyngeus Palatine aponeurosis Posterior border of thyroid Pharyngeal plexus Elevates wall of pharynx,
cartilage pulls palatopharyngeal
folds medially
Musculus uvulae Posterior border of hard Mucous membrane of Pharyngeal plexus Elevates uvula
palate uvula
Nerve Supply of the Palate
 The greater and lesser palatine nerves from the maxillary
division of the trigeminal nerve enter the palate through the
greater and lesser palatine foramina
 The nasopalatine nerve, also a branch of the maxillary nerve,
enters the front of the hard palate through the incisive foramen
 The glossopharyngeal nerve also supplies the soft palate
Blood Supply of the Palate
 greater palatine branch of the maxillary artery
 ascending palatine branch of the facial artery
 ascending pharyngeal artery
Lymph Drainage of the Palate
 Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
The Salivary Glands
Parotid Gland
 the largest salivary gland and is composed mostly of serous acini
 lies in a deep hollow below the external auditory meatus, behind
the ramus of the mandible and in front of the sternocleidomastoid
muscle
 The facial nerve divides the gland into superficial and deep lobes
 The parotid duct
 emerges from the anterior border of the gland and passes forward over
the lateral surface of the masseter
 It enters the vestibule of the mouth upon a small papilla opposite the
upper second molar tooth
 Nerve Supply
 Parasympathetic secretomotor supply arises from the glossopharyngeal
nerve
Submandibular Gland
 consists of a mixture of serous and mucous acini
 It lies beneath the lower border of the body of the mandible
and is divided into superficial and deep parts by the
mylohyoid muscle
 The submandibular duct emerges from the anterior end of
the deep part of the gland and runs forward beneath the
mucous membrane of the mouth
 It opens into the mouth on a small papilla, which is situated
at the side of the frenulum of the tongue
 Nerve Supply
 Parasympathetic secretomotor supply is from the facial nerve via
the chorda tympani, and the submandibular ganglion
Sublingual Gland
lies beneath the mucous membrane (sublingual fold) of
the floor of the mouth, close to the frenulum of the
tongue
It has both serous and mucous acini, with the latter
predominating
The sublingual ducts (8 to 20 in number) open into the
mouth on the summit of the sublingual fold
Nerve Supply
 Parasympathetic secretomotor supply is from the facial nerve
via the chorda tympani, and the submandibular ganglion