A Presentation By-

Saurabh Rathod
Sagar Aditiya Rao
Bhushan Lade SA
D I STER
T
Shubham Vairagade
Palash Muramkar
Amit Yadav MANA GE M EN
 CONTENTS

DISASTER

TYPES OF DISASTER

MANAGEMENT OF DISASTER

PRE DISASTER MANAGEMENT

POST DISASTER MANAGEMENT

2
 DISASTER
TSUNAMI A Disaster is an event that occurs
●

in most cases suddenly and

unexpectedly, causing severe
FLOODS disturbances to people, objects and
environment, resulting in loss of life
DISAST
EARTHQUAKE
NATURAL DISASTERS
,property and health of the
population. Such a situation causes
disruption in normal pattern of life,

ER
LANDSLIDE
generating misfortune, helplessness
and suffering affecting the socio-
economic structure of a
region/country to such an extent
that there is a need for assistance
DROUGHT
or immediate outside intervention

CYCLONE
3
WORLD SCENARIO: REPORTED DEATHS DUE TO DISASTERS

CYCLONE
10% FLOODS
EARTHQUAKE 12%
16%

TECHNOLOGICAL
14%

DROUGHT
45% OTHER
3%
 The term Tsunami has been derived
●

from a Japanese term Tsu meaning

'harbor' and nami meaning 'waves'.
TSUNAMI
Tsunamis are popularly called tidal
waves but they actually have

TSUNAMI nothing to do with the tides. These

waves which often affect distant
shores, originate by rapid
displacement of water from the lake
or the sea either by seismic activity,
landslides, volcanic eruptions or
large meteoroid impacts.
CAUSES
The geological movements that cause tsunamis are produced in
three major ways

The most common of these are fault movements on the sea floor, accompanied
by an earth-quake. They release huge amount of energy and have the capacity
to cross oceans. The degree of movement depends on how fast the earthquake
occurs and how much water is displaced.

The second most common cause of the tsunami is a landslide either

occurring under water or originating above the sea and then
plunging into the water .

The third major cause of tsunami is volcanic activity. The flank of a volcano
located near the shore or under water may be uplifted or depressed
similar to the action of a fault, or,the volcano may actually explode.
EFFECTS
Major destruction to the human settlements, roads and infrastructure thereby
disrupting the normal functioning of the society.

As the waves withdraw towards the ocean they sweep out the foundations of
the buildings, the beaches get destroyed and the houses carried out to sea.
Damage to ports and airports may prevent importation of needed food and
medical supplies

Deaths mainly occur because of drowning as water enters homes. Many people
get washed away or crushed by the giant waves and some are crushed by the
debris, causes.
TSUNAMI PRONE AREAS IN INDIA

8
 EARTHQUAKE
Earthquake is one of the most
●

destructive natural hazard. They may

occur at any time of the year, day or
night, with sudden impact and little
EARTHQU warning. They can destroy buildings
and infrastructure in seconds, killing
AKE or injuring the inhabitants.
Earthquakes not only destroy the
entire habitation but may de-stabilize
the government, economy and social
structure of the country
 NUMBER OF EARTQUAKES OVER PAST 3 DECADES

80

70

60
78
60
50
25
18
40
5
2
30

20

10

0
CHINA
INDONESIA
JAPAN
INDIA
RUSSIA
EARTHQUAKE PRONE AREAS
EFFECTS
●
Damage occurs to human
settlement, buildings,
structures and infrastructure,
especially bridges, elevated
MAIN roads, railways, water
towers, pipelines, electrical
EFFECTS generating facilities.
Aftershocks of an
earthquake can cause much
greater damage to already
weakened structures
 FLOODS
FLASH FLOODS

Flood is a state of high water level along a river channel or along a coast that
leads to inundation of land which is not usually submerged

RIVERINE FLOODS

Flood may happen gradually and also may take hours or even happen
suddenly
URBAN without
FLOODSany warnings due to breach in the embankment, spill over,
heavy rains etc
 CAUSES
DEFORESTATION
1 ●
HEAVY RAINFALL
●
Large areas of forests near rivers have been cleared. Less vegetation protects the soil,the soil is quickely lost to rivers,
This raises the river bed,so the river overflows its bank easily.

HUMAN CAUSES 2 ●
SNOWMELT
POOR FARMING

●
NATURAL CAUSES
OVERGRAZING: Due to grazing of too many animals on land , the pasture is eaten away quickely. Less vegetation results in soil washed into rivers easily.
OVERCULTIVATION: Soil is washed into river easily due to infertility of soil because of overcultivation.

3 ●
COASTAL FLOODING
POOR MANAGEMENT OF DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

HEAVY STORMS
●
Drainage and sewage system has not been overhauled nor it is adequate in urban areas
4 ●

POPULATION PRESSURE

●
5 ●
HIGH TIDES
Due to increase in population , more materials are needed like wood,land food etc. This increases the risk of flooding.
FLOODS LEVELIN OFUTTARAKHAND
WATER RISE IN
•AboutRESCUE
5000 people died, AND RELIEF
4700 missing in
uttARAKHAND
UTTARAKHAND
•HALF OF THEOPERATION
STATE HAS CAUSED DAMAGED OF
PROPERTY
AND LIVELIHOOD
•ABOUT 760 VILLAGES WERE CUT OFF THROUGH
ROAD CONNECTIVITY
•37000 SQ MILES AREA AFFECTED.
•AROUND 400+ VILLAGES FACE SEVERE
DRINKING WATER SHORTAGE.
•70 HYDROELECTRIC PROJECTS IN WORST
CONDITIONS
•505 DAMS DAMAGED
 LANDSLIDE
LANDSLIDE IS PRIMARILY A COMBINATION OF
SEVERAL GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES THAT
INCLUDE EARTH MOVEMENTS LIKE
EXTENSIVE SLOPE FAILURE, ROCKS FALLING
AND DEBRIS FLOW
CAUSES OF
LANDSLIDES
ADVERSE EFFECTS
GEOLOGICAL WEAK
1
●

MATERIAL
1 ●
PROPERTY DAMAGE

2 ●
SOIL EROSION
2 ●
INJURY AND DEATHS

33 INTENSE
●
RAINFALL
LOSS OF VARIETY
●

RESOURCES
OF

44 ECONOMIC
HUMAN
● ●
EFFECTS
EXCAVATION
DROUGHT

Drought is either absence or deficiency of rainfall from its normal pattern in a

region for an extended period of time leading to general suffering in the
society. It is interplay between demand that people place on natural supply
of water and natural event that provides the water in a given geographical
region.
CAUSES
●
Though drought is basically caused
by deficit rainfall, which is a
meteorological phenomenon, it
manifests into different spheres
because of various vulnerability

Main ●
factors associated with them
Some of these factors are human
induced. Though drought is a natural
Cause disaster, its effects are made worst
in developing countries by over
population, over grazing,
deforestation, soil erosion, excessive
use of ground and surface water for
growing crops, loss of biodiversity.
EFFECTS
●
Drought, different from any other natural disaster,

MAJO
does not cause any structural damages. As the
meteorological drought turns into hydrological
drought, the impacts start appearing first in
agriculture which is most dependant on the soil

R ●
moisture.
Irrigated areas are affected much later than the
rainfed areas. However, regions surrounding
perennial rivers tend to continue normal life even

EFFEC ●
when drought conditions are prevailing around.
The impacts slowly spread into social fabric as the
availability of drinking water diminishes, reduction

TS
in energy production, ground water depletion, food
shortage, health reduction and loss of life,
increased poverty, reduced quality of life and
social unrest leading to migration.
POST DISASTER MANAGEMENT

●
IMMEDIATE
INTERVENTION
RELIEF
RELIEF ●
SEARCH,RESCUE,
RESPO
RESPO SECURITY,FOOD,
NSE
NSE WATER, SANITATION,
MEDICAL TRAUMA CARE

●
RESTORATION OF
REHA
REHA BASIC SERVICES
BILIT
BILIT AND FUNCTIONS
ATION
ATION ●
PROVIDING
SHELTER

●
FULL RESUMPTION
RECO
RECO OF SERVICES
NSTR
NSTR
UCTIO
●
TAKING
UCTIO
N PREVENTIVE
N
MEASURES
Special system requirements.
• Emergency Operation
Center/Control Center
• Direction & Coordinating
Authority
• Communications
• Warning Systems
• Survey & Assessments
• Information Management
• Emergency Logistics
Disaster Mitigation
1. Health facilities – loss of life,
hospital functions
 Structural
 Non- structural
 Administrative
/organizational
2.Drinking water supply ,sewage
system.
3. Mitigation to reduce community
vulnerability.