Effectiveness of

anti-smoking
campaigns in India
By,
Reshmaa Paulraj
Mohamed moinuddin
 1. Introduction

2. Reasons for addiction

3. Effects of smoking

4. Need for Anti-Smoking campaigns

Agenda
5. Modes currently used to stop smoking

6. Effectiveness of campaigns

7. Conclusion

8. References

2
1. Introduction

3
 Globally, tobacco is a major cause of increased morbidity and
mortality rates due to oral cancer.
 Despite the efforts of Government of India on anti-tobacco
Advertisements and campaigns, there is an increase in the
number of consumers whereas the percentage who have
attempted to quit the habit stands at a mere 3%-5%.
 In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO)estimated that
tobacco use accounted for one million deaths, or 9.5% of all
deaths in the country.
 Notably, more than 350,000 deaths annually are associated
with smokeless tobacco use.
 India spent roughly 1.3% of its GDP on health care, one of the
lowest amounts of health expenditure globally.
 There are many Campaigns, Advertisements and studies are
done by the government to educate and reduce the smoking
habits of Indians, what did they achieve till now let us see the
aspects in detail

4
2. Reasons for Addiction

5
 According to the National Health Services (NHS) in the UK the Nicotine in a cigarette alters the smokers brain
chemistry, it changes the levels of these chemicals and their mood and concentration levels change. Many smokers find
this enjoyable.
 The changes happen very quickly. When smokers inhale the nicotine, it immediately rushes to their brain where it takes
effect.
 The more they smoke, the more their brain becomes used to the nicotine. Thus they become unable to quit.
 When they stop smoking, the loss of nicotine changes the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline. This makes
smokers feel anxious, depressed and irritable. Below are some stats which will give us an idea about the smoking habits
of Indians
Percent Distribution of Adults by Tobacco Use Status in India,(Source: WHO )

Onl Use
Onl
Men Non y
Non
y
smo
rs
of Women
- Sm bot
- ker
Onl Use oke Uses
h
y rs rs typ
rs 10
29 e
smo 3% 8% %
3%
kele %
ss
tob
acc
Use Onl
o
y
use rs smo
rs of kele
54 bot ss
% h tob
typ acc
o
e use
6
14 rs
% 79
%
3. Effects of Smoking

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 Tobacco use harms every organ in your body. Smoking tobacco introduces not only nicotine but also
more than 5,000 chemicals, including numerous carcinogens (cancer-causing chemicals), into your
lungs, blood and organs.
 The damage caused by smoking can shorten your lifespan significantly.

CVD= Cardiovascular Diseases

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 P
‌ regnant women who smoke put their unborn babies at risk. Possible effects on pregnancy include. Ectopic
pregnancy, a life-threatening condition when the embryo implants outside the uterus. Miscarriages, ‌Stillbirths,
Birth defects such as cleft palate, ‌Low birth weight. ‌

 Recent research also identified a pathway between the pancreas and a part of the brain active in nicotine
intake, potentially linking cigarette smoking to the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes.

 Other effects are Passive smoking it occurs when a person who is not smoking breathes in the smoke from
people who are smoking. Passive smoking can irritate the eyes and nose and cause a number of health
problems such as heart disease and lung cancer. 9
4. Need for Anti-Smoking campaigns

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 As mentioned before smoking is cause for many deaths in India, youngsters believe smoking is
the trend where they neglects the risk factor below are some data relating to the users of
tobacco.

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 In this figure we can see the tobacco use by
Indian states 2016-2017 and we can see the that
most of the east Indian states are the highest
users of tobacco together with odisha.

 People mindset have to be changed and

government have to take up many more steps to
prevent people from smoking or using any other
form of tobacco

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5. Modes Currently used to stop Smoking

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1. Cold turkey (no outside help):
About 90% of people who try to quit
smoking do it without outside support- no aids, therapy, or
medicine. Although most people try to quit this way, it's
not the most successful method. Only about 5% to 7% are
able to quit on their own.

2. Behavioral therapy:
This involves working with a counselor to
find ways not to smoke. Together, you'll find your triggers
(such as emotions or situations that make you want to
smoke) and make a plan to get through the cravings.

3. Nicotine replacement therapy:

There are several types, including nicotine
gum, patches, inhalers, sprays, and lozenges. They work
by giving you nicotine without the use of tobacco. You
may be more likely to quit with nicotine replacement
therapy. 14
4. Medication.Bupropion and varenicline
(Chantix):
They are prescription medicines that can help
with your cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

5. Combo treatments:
You might be more likely to quit for good if
you use a mix of different methods. For example,
using both a nicotine patch and gum may be better
than a patch alone. Other helpful combinations include
behavioral therapy and nicotine replacement therapy,
prescription medication with a nicotine replacement
therapy patch.

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6. Effectiveness of Anti-smoking campaigns

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Effectiveness of media based ad Campaigns:
There is a study done by “Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research” and they have took 250 people
comprises of young adults in the age group of 18 to 25 years, 158-tobacco users and 92-nontobacco users, in
South Bengaluru, India was interviewed on one to one basis in the study. Who have seen the advertisements
about the smoking effects in Tv and other modes the results are below

Participants
Overall Participants Among overall users

Gave up
37% Watching 9%
28% Continued
Reduced
49% Watching Discontinued
Felt to give up
63% 23% 91%

Users Not user

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 It was observed that the Government of India initiated anti-tobacco and anti-smoking advertisements had
more favorable response among the non-tobacco users whereas, with the current tobacco users, it did not
have the desired impact.
 Another study by a research paper published on Elsevier have took the effectiveness of the types of ads
which people recall and helped in quitting smoking area given below. There are approximately 1000
people have responded to it

Recall on Different AD campaigns

Respondents and habits
Smokers Column1 Child AD
596

Sponge AD

307 Duhaan AD

Mukesh AD
64 82
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Male Female Smokers (M) Smokers (F)

Non-Smokers (M) Non-Smokers( F)
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 From all the data's and studies its found that the advertisement
campaign’s had created an impression on people but it didn’t
had much impact on smokers in general.

 Still many teenagers and adults continue to get addicted to

smoke and smokeless tobacco all over India

 The government should take a step ahead and focus on rules

for the Indian tobacco problem

 Tobacco not only affects an individual but all around him as

well

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7. Conclusion

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21
8. References

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Elsevier Research Paper

Study by Journal of Clinical

and Diagnostic Research

smokefreeworld.org

who.int

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