Canine Parvo Virus CPV: Highly Contagious Enteritis of Dogs

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Canine Parvo Virus

CPV

Highly contagious enteritis of dogs


The Mutation of Canine Parvovirus

• 1978 – Parvovirus 2 isolated


• 1982 – Parvovirus 2a variant emerged
• 1984 – Parvovirus 2b diagnosed
• Parvovirus 2a and 2b: prefer canine host
– Can replicate in both cat and dog
• 2000 - CPV 2c isolated
– Retrospective study evaluating tissue samples
1996: 2c present in Germany

Parvovirus is still mutating……


Etiology:
Single-stranded DNA virus
• Nonenveloped virus
• Highly mutagenic
• Multiplies in rapidly dividing cells such as
intestinal crypts

• Highly resistant to disinfectants


• Resistant to pH, temperature, & lipid solvents
• Stable in organic materials
Transmission: Feco-oral route , fomites
(shedding continues 1 week after recovery)

Incubation period : 4 - 7 days

Age incidence : any age but clinical disease is highest


in puppies between weaning age up to 6 months.

High risk breed of dog:


Rottweilers Doberman pinscher
GS American pit bull terriers
Labradors
Pathogenesis:

CPV virus has an affinity for the rapidly dividing


cells of intestines, bone marrow & lymphoid
tissues

breakdown of intestinal barrier

bacteremia, endotoxemia

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome


(SIRS)
Clinical signs:
 Acute onset of anorexia
 Depression
 Fever
 Vomiting
 Mucoid to hemorrhagic diarrhea
(foul smelling)
 Dehydration
 SIRS > shock
Acute death in puppies

 Parvoviral myocarditis – dyspnea, CHF


Intestinal prolapse

Shih-tzu
2 months

Doberman
6 months
Differential Diagnosis:

 Parasitism
 Foreign body
 Poisoning
 Other causes of acute gastroenteritis
Diagnosis:
 Clinical signs
 Hemogram – leukopenia, neutropenia
PCV (could be increased or decreased)
 Serum chemistry:
hypokalemia , increased SGPT

 Definitive diagnosis : CPV antigen in feces


ELISA Test

*False + at 5-12 days following vaccination of


Modiffied Live vaccine
Treatment:
 Supportive treatment
 Fluid therapy (LRS, Colloid,
 Electrolyte therapy
 Potassium (20-30 mEq/L)
 2.5 % Glucose

 Withhold food & water for 12to 24hrs to rest the GIT
 Resume by giving small frequent feedings

 Antibiotic (Broad-spectrum)
 Ampicillin, Gentamicin , Cefazolin, Clindamycin
Treatment continue:
 Antiemetic
 Metoclopramide
@ 0.5 mg/kg q8h SC or
@ 2mg/kg q24h diluted in IV fluid
 Phenothiazine
 Chlorpromazine @ 0.5 mg/kg SC or IM q6-12h
 Ondansetron @ 0.2 mg/kg slow IV, q6-12h

 H2 blocker (to control gastric acid secretion)


 Ranitidine @ 2mg/kg IV, q8-12h

 Antidiarrhea ( if persistent & profuse)


 Loperamide @ 0.2 mg/kg PO, q8h
Treatment continue:

 Treatment of shock & immunotherapy


refer to “ Saunder’s Manual for Small
Animal Practice p. 161
Prevention:

Vaccination
Canine Coronavirus (CCV)

Acute contagious disease in which the


virus invades the mature enterocytes.

Etiology:

Canine Corona virus


Single stranded RNA virus
Transmission: Feco-oral route

Incubation period: 1-4 days

Clinical signs: self-limiting


> acute diarrhea
 soft to watery sometimes contain mucus
 bloody diarrhea & fever are infrequent

Diagnosis: Clinical signs

Prevention : Vaccines are available


Midterm Coverage:

1. Feline Infectious Diseases


2. Kennel cough complex
3. Canine Distemper
4. Canine coronavirus infection
5. Rabies
6. Pseudorabies

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