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    Prueba de Integridad de Formación

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    Anthony Cabrera
    The formation integrity test (FIT) is used to investigate the strength of cement around the casing shoe, approximate fracture gradient, and determine the capability of formations to withstand pressure. It includes limit tests, leak off tests, and fracture gradient tests. FIT data is used to determine equivalent mud weight and the maximum allowable surface pressure for drilling the next section. Fracture gradient depends on subsurface stresses and can be estimated from offset wells or models. FIT equipment includes pressure gauges and cement pumps. The FIT procedure involves drilling below the casing shoe, cleaning the wellbore, isolating it, and incrementally increasing pressure while monitoring for leaks or fractures. Kick tolerance is the maximum kick size that can be circulated without fracturing the casing

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    Prueba de Integridad de Formación

    Uploaded by

    Anthony Cabrera
    48 views13 pages
    The formation integrity test (FIT) is used to investigate the strength of cement around the casing shoe, approximate fracture gradient, and determine the capability of formations to withstand pressure. It includes limit tests, leak off tests, and fracture gradient tests. FIT data is used to determine equivalent mud weight and the maximum allowable surface pressure for drilling the next section. Fracture gradient depends on subsurface stresses and can be estimated from offset wells or models. FIT equipment includes pressure gauges and cement pumps. The FIT procedure involves drilling below the casing shoe, cleaning the wellbore, isolating it, and incrementally increasing pressure while monitoring for leaks or fractures. Kick tolerance is the maximum kick size that can be circulated without fracturing the casing

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    4. Prueba de integridad de formación

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    The formation integrity test (FIT) is used to investigate the strength of cement around the casing shoe, approximate fracture gradient, and determine the capability of formations to withstand pressure. It includes limit tests, leak off tests, and fracture gradient tests. FIT data is used to determine equivalent mud weight and the maximum allowable surface pressure for drilling the next section. Fracture gradient depends on subsurface stresses and can be estimated from offset wells or models. FIT equipment includes pressure gauges and cement pumps. The FIT procedure involves drilling below the casing shoe, cleaning the wellbore, isolating it, and incrementally increasing pressure while monitoring for leaks or fractures. Kick tolerance is the maximum kick size that can be circulated without fracturing the casing

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    48 views13 pages

    Prueba de Integridad de Formación

    Uploaded by

    Anthony Cabrera
    The formation integrity test (FIT) is used to investigate the strength of cement around the casing shoe, approximate fracture gradient, and determine the capability of formations to withstand pressure. It includes limit tests, leak off tests, and fracture gradient tests. FIT data is used to determine equivalent mud weight and the maximum allowable surface pressure for drilling the next section. Fracture gradient depends on subsurface stresses and can be estimated from offset wells or models. FIT equipment includes pressure gauges and cement pumps. The FIT procedure involves drilling below the casing shoe, cleaning the wellbore, isolating it, and incrementally increasing pressure while monitoring for leaks or fractures. Kick tolerance is the maximum kick size that can be circulated without fracturing the casing

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    DRILLING ENGINEERING I

    FORMATION INTEGRITY TEST (FIT)


    FIT
    The formation integrity test derivate in the following:
    • Limit test: defined pressure
    • Leak off test: pressure where formation leaks
    • Fracture gradient test: pressure where formation leaks and fracture
    expands
    • Shoe bond test: verifies the streng of cement at casing shoe
    All the tests are run during drilling operations, when a casing and
    cement are set.
    FIT PURPOSE
    • To investigate the strengh of the cement around the casing shoe and
    ensure that there is no communication with higher strata.
    • To approximate the fracture gradient.
    • To investigate the capavility of formation to withstand pressure
    below the shoe.
    • To colect information of formation strenght
    • Elimate casing string
    • Minimize the fluid losses
    FRACTURE GRADIENT
    • Can be determined during planning stage:
    • from offset Wells
    • Calculated by several published models
    • The most use is Hubbert and Willis model

    • While drilling
    • Using FIT
    The FIT pressure is use to determine the equivalent mud weight, which
    determines the upper limit of primary well control od next hole
    section.
    It should be run at each new formation to determine where weak
    formations are.
    FRACTURE GRADIENT
    • Fracture pressure depends on subsurface stresses. The formation
    fractures when the pressure in the well is equal, or grater than
    minimun principal stress.
    • Fracture propagates along the paths of least resistance which is
    perpendicular to the minimun principal stress.
    • Fractures will be vertical if the minimun principal stress is horizontal
    and horizontal in the minimun principal stress is vertical.
    • All subsurface stresses are interrelated:
    • Increasing overburden increases fracture gradient.
    • Increasing pore pressure increases fracture gradient.
    FIT EQUIPMENT AND
    PREPARATION
    • Large scale gauges to cover the expected pressure range
    • Cement pumps
    • Cement should be tested on the maximun surface pressure expected
    when a kick is taken during drilling the next hole section.
    • Casing pressure test should be carried aout at the same pump rate of
    proposed FIT.
    FIT PROCEDURE
    • Drill 10-20 ft of new formation.
    • Circulate to clean the wellbore.
    • Close annular preventer or pipe rams
    • Line up the cement pump and circulate.
    • Pump equal increments of mud (usually 0.5 BLS) recording gauge pressure
    at each increment. Hold pressure for few minutes to confirm pressure.
    • Continue test to the precalculated surface pressure or until formation leak
    off is reach.
    • Continue until stabilised pressure is reach.
    • If limit test is performed, then the pressure used for the test can be use as
    kick tolerance or MAASP.
    FIT
    EXAMPLE
    KICK TOLERANCE
    • Maximum kick size that can be circulated without fracturing the
    previous casing shoe, or maximum mud weight that can be tolerated
    to drill the next section without fracturing the casing shoe.
    • Kick tolerance elements are:
    • Pore pressure for the TD
    • Maximum mud weight to be used
    • Fracture gradient at the current casing shoe
    • Design influx volume that can be safely circulated out
    • Type of well, exploration or development.
    • It should be calculated after leak off test, when mud weight or drill
    string change,
    KICK TOLERANCE
     • It may be calculated in terms of :
    • kick volume
    • Additional mud weight over current mud weight.
    • Maximum pore pressure that can be tolerated without the need
    to exceed the maximum allowable mud weight.

    Where is the formation pressure, pressure in the gas bubble=HG, H is


    the height of the gas bubble at casing shoe, G is the gradient of gas
    usually between 0.05 to 0.15 psi/ft, TD is the next hole total depth, CSD
    is the casing setting depth, and is the mud density.
    KICK TOLERANCE
     

    At the bottom of the hole the effects of pressure and temperature should be
    taken into account.
    KICK TOLERANCE
    Kick tolerance graph

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