Electrical Circuits and Systems: Presented By: Amit Kumar Singh Assistant Professor Junior VIT Bhopal

On the
Magnetic Circuits
Unit-2
Electrical Circuits and Systems
Presented by :
Amit Kumar Singh
Assistant Professor Junior
VIT Bhopal
School of Electricals & Electronics Engineering

VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal
Madhya Pradesh-466114
Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 1

Objectives
To conceptualize the basic terms associated with magnetic circuits.


To analogize electrical and magnetic circuits.

Electromagnets are made by placing a coil around a magnetic material which
forms the core. They demonstrate magnetic properties as long as current fl ows
through the coil

Contents
Introduction
Basic definitions
Magnetic circuit
3
Permanent magnet Vs Electromagnet
Magnets show the property of magnetism. Magnets are of two types, viz permanent
magnets and electromagnets. Magnets attract all ferromagnetic material which contain
iron, nickel, and cobalt.
Permanent magnets are made of material like alnico (alloy of aluminum, nickel, and
cobalt) in which the magnetism once created is retained for a very long time, i.e., the
magnetic property is permanently set.
Electromagnets are made by placing a coil around a magnetic material which forms the
core. They demonstrate magnetic properties as long as current flows through the coil

 It should be noticed that the North pole is the one wherefrom the magnetic lines
of force come out of the magnet body and the South pole is the one where the
lines of force enter the magnet body.
 A cross indicates current entering and a dot indicates current coming out

Field around a current carrying conductor
 If the advancement of the screw when it is turned indicates the direction of the
current through the conductor, the direction of the rotation of the screw will indicate
the direction of the flux produced around the conductor

Magnetic Circuit
• Electromagnetic system is an important element of all rotating
electric machinery and static devices like transformer.
• Role is to create & control electromagnetic fields for EMEC
process.
• EMEC happens with the help of magnetic field as a coupling
medium.
• The closed path followed by the magnetic flux is called a magnetic
circuit.
• Made up of materials having high permeability such as iron, soft
steel etc.
Magnetic Circuit
• Electromagnetic system
• Ferromagnetic core
• Exciting coil
• Coil has N turns
• Coil carries a current of I amps
• Magnetic field established
• Magnetic flux flows through
the core
• Small flux leaks through air

Magnetic Flux Density
 The strength of a magnetic Field is expressed in terms of the number of flux lines, f and is
measured in Webbers, where 1 Wb = 108 lines.
 Magnetic flux density, i.e., flux per unit area is denoted by B. If A is the area through
which the flux lines emanate, i.e., come out, the flux density is given as
 A magnetic potential or magneto motive force (MMF) is expressed as the product of the
number turns of the coil and the current passing through it, i.e.,

Magnetic Flux Density
 The strength of a magnetic Field is expressed in terms of the number of flux lines, f and is
measured in Webbers, where 1 Wb = 108 lines.
 Magnetic flux density, i.e., flux per unit area is denoted by B. If A is the area through
which the flux lines emanate, i.e., come out, the flux density is given as
 A magnetic potential or magneto motive force (MMF) is expressed as the product of the
number turns of the coil and the current passing through it, i.e.,

 Q. A rectangular shape iron core has an air gap of 0.01 cm. The mean length of the flux path
through iron is 39.99 cm. The relative permeability of iron is 2000. The coil has 1000 turns. The
cross-sectional area of the core is 9 cm. Calculate the current required to produce a flux of 1 mWb
in the core.

 Q. A rectangular shape iron core has an air gap of 0.01 cm. The mean length of the flux path
through iron is 39.99 cm. The relative permeability of iron is 2000. The coil has 1000 turns.
The cross-sectional area of the core is 9 cm. Calculate the current required to produce a flux
of 1 mWb in the core.


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On the

School of Electricals & Electronics Engineering

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 1

To conceptualize the basic terms associated with magnetic circuits.

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 2

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 6

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 7

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 9

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 12

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 17

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 18

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 36

Amit Kumar Singh EEE1001/ECS/VIT Bhopal University 37

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