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    Stress Manageme NT: Fire Senior Leadership Course National Fire Training Institute

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    Csjdm Bfp Bulacan
    This document discusses stress management for firefighters. It defines stress and its symptoms. It notes that firefighters are at risk of critical incident stress due to responding to traumatic events and having inadequate social support. It explains different types of crises including developmental, existential, and situational. It outlines signs and symptoms of critical incident stress including physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects. Finally, it discusses critical incident stress management, which uses crisis intervention techniques to address each phase of a crisis and support individuals and groups experiencing trauma.

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    Stress Manageme NT: Fire Senior Leadership Course National Fire Training Institute

    Uploaded by

    Csjdm Bfp Bulacan
    94 views40 pages
    This document discusses stress management for firefighters. It defines stress and its symptoms. It notes that firefighters are at risk of critical incident stress due to responding to traumatic events and having inadequate social support. It explains different types of crises including developmental, existential, and situational. It outlines signs and symptoms of critical incident stress including physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects. Finally, it discusses critical incident stress management, which uses crisis intervention techniques to address each phase of a crisis and support individuals and groups experiencing trauma.

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    Fslc Stress

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    This document discusses stress management for firefighters. It defines stress and its symptoms. It notes that firefighters are at risk of critical incident stress due to responding to traumatic events and having inadequate social support. It explains different types of crises including developmental, existential, and situational. It outlines signs and symptoms of critical incident stress including physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects. Finally, it discusses critical incident stress management, which uses crisis intervention techniques to address each phase of a crisis and support individuals and groups experiencing trauma.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    94 views40 pages

    Stress Manageme NT: Fire Senior Leadership Course National Fire Training Institute

    Uploaded by

    Csjdm Bfp Bulacan
    This document discusses stress management for firefighters. It defines stress and its symptoms. It notes that firefighters are at risk of critical incident stress due to responding to traumatic events and having inadequate social support. It explains different types of crises including developmental, existential, and situational. It outlines signs and symptoms of critical incident stress including physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral effects. Finally, it discusses critical incident stress management, which uses crisis intervention techniques to address each phase of a crisis and support individuals and groups experiencing trauma.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 40

    STRESS

    MANAGEME
    NT
    FIRE SENIOR LEADERSHIP COURSE
    National Fire Training Institute
    Objectives
    ✗ Review the definition of stress and its symptoms
    ✗ Review trauma
    ✗ Explain what is Critical Incident Stress

    2
    Stress
    3
    STRESS
    ✗ The response of our body to various factors that are
    perceived to be a demand or threat
    ✗ It protects our well-being by triggering our defense and
    coping mechanisms to mitigate the effect of the stressful
    event on our mind and body

    4
    STRESS
    ✗ It can help you motivate yourself and be productive
    ✗ It can cause damage to a person’s well-being,
    relationship and mental health if it is experienced in an
    excessive amount

    5
    Firefighte
    rs 6
    Risk factors of Firefighters
    ✗ Firefighters often responds to critical incidents
    ✗ Can experience secondary stress
    ✗ Heightened vulnerability to trauma
    ✗ Inaquadecy of social support
    ✗ Stigma on mental health

    7
    CRISIS
    8
    What is crisis?
    ✗ In mental health terms, a crisis refers not necessarily to a
    traumatic situation or event, but to a person’s reaction to an
    event.
    ✗ A crisis presents an obstacle, trauma, or threat, but it also offers
    an opportunity for either growth or decline.

    9
    Types of Crisis

    ✗ Developmental crises
    ✗ Existential crises
    ✗ Situational crises

    10
    Developmental Crises

    ✗ These occur as part of the process of growing and


    developing through various periods of life.

    ✗ Sometimes a crisis is a predictable part of the life


    cycle

    11
    Existential crises

    ✗ Inner conflicts are related to things such as life


    purpose, direction, and spirituality.
    ✗ A midlife crisis is one example of a crisis that is
    often rooted in existential anxiety.

    12
    Situational crises

    ✗ These sudden and unexpected crises include


    accidents and natural disasters. Getting in a
    car accident, experiencing a flood or
    earthquake, or being the victim of a crime
    are just a few types of situational crises.

    13
    Signs or
    Symptoms of
    Critical Incident
    Stress 14
    Physical
    ✗ Fatigue
    ✗ Chills
    ✗ Unusual Thirst
    ✗ Chest Pain
    ✗ Headaches
    ✗ Dizziness

    15
    Cognitive
    ✗ Uncertainty
    ✗ Confusion
    ✗ Nightmares
    ✗ Poor attention
    ✗ Poor decision making
    ✗ Memory problems
    ✗ Poor problem solving activity

    16
    Emotional
    ✗ Grief
    ✗ Fear
    ✗ Guilt
    ✗ Intense anger
    ✗ Apprehension and depression
    ✗ Irritability
    ✗ Chronic anxiety

    17
    Behavioral
    ✗ Inability to rest
    ✗ Withdrawal
    ✗ Anti-social behavior
    ✗ Increased alcohol consumption
    ✗ Changes in communication
    ✗ Loss or increase in appetite

    18
    Critical Incident

    Stress
    management 19
    Critical Incident Stress
    Management
    ✗ a type of crisis intervention designed to provide support for
    those who have experienced traumatic events.
    ✗ It is comprised of multiple crisis response components that
    attempt address each phase of a crisis situation.
    ✗ It can be implemented with individuals, families, groups,
    organizations, and communities.
    ✗ Although some research has found CISM to be ineffective and
    even harmful, defenders of CISM argue that, when
    implemented properly, this intervention offers powerful crisis
    20
    support.
    HISTORY
    ✗ Critical incident stress management is rooted in crisis
    intervention theory, group therapy, and community psychology.
    ✗ Theorists like Eric Lindemann, Irvin Yalom, and Gerald
    Caplan provided the foundation for CISM developers Jeffrey T.
    Mitchell and George S. Everly, Jr. to begin their work in the
    1970s. During the 1980s
    ✗ During the 1980s, Mitchell and Everly officially introduced
    critical incident stress debriefing as part of their critical
    incident stress management system of crisis intervention.
    21
    Objectives of Critical Incident
    Stress Debriefing
    ✗ Lessen the impact of the critical incident
    ✗ Normalize instinctive reactions to the incident
    ✗ Encourage the natural recovery process
    ✗ Restore the adaptive functioning skills of the
    person and/or group
    ✗ Determine the need for further supportive
    services or therapy 22
    Different Components of
    Critical Incident Stress
    Management
    ✗ Pre-Crisis Preparation
    ✗ Community Support Programs
    ✗ Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD)
    ✗ DEFUSING
    ✗ Other Crisis Interventions 23
    Pre-Crisis Preparation
    ✗ This component involves helpful procedures that
    encourage stress management, crisis education, and
    crisis planning.

    24
    Crisis Education

    addresses the knowledge, skills and


    dispositions
    required for people in precarious
    times.
    25
    Crisis Planning

    is an important part of proactive


    and effective management. To create
    your plan, you'll need to establish a
    crisis team, identify key risks,
    develop the crisis plan, and plan for
    full recovery. 26
    Community Support
    Programs
    ✗ Often referred to as “town meetings,” these
    programs support organizations, schools, and
    communities by providing structured
    opportunities for discussion and processing of
    disasters or events.
    27
    Critical Incident Stress
    Debriefing (CISD)
    ✗ CISD is a major component of the CISM crisis
    intervention system.
    ✗ CISD is not meant to be used as standalone
    intervention, but rather as a CISM technique for
    use with small groups.
    ✗ This seven-phase intervention attempts to mitigate
    traumatic stress, determine the need for further
    mental health treatment, and assemble a sense of 28
    DEFUSING
    ✗This three-phase technique is similar to
    CISD in that it is a group intervention,
    but it is more immediate in nature.
    Intended to take place within hours of the
    event, defusing involves confidential
    discussion groups that promote
    stabilization and prevention of traumatic
    stress. 29
    Limitations and Concerns of
    CISM
    ✗ Critical incident stress management has often been
    criticized for its lack of efficacy in preventing
    symptoms of posttraumatic stress and reducing the
    impact of acute stress response.
    ✗ some research indicates that CISM techniques like
    CISD can actually increase the likelihood that trauma
    will have a greater psychological impact. 30
    Limitations and Concerns of
    CISM
    ✗ Defenders of CISM insist that many of the studies
    that portray CISM as ineffective are scientifically
    flawed.
    ✗ Additionally, CISM supporters argue that these
    research studies incorporated techniques improperly
    or used non-CISM techniques such as single-session
    debriefings. 31
    Limitations and Concerns of
    CISM
    ✗ As with all interventions, therapies, and treatments, it
    is paramount that individuals seek support from
    trained professionals.
    ✗ In general, people on both sides of the CISM debate
    agree that CISM techniques should be delivered
    appropriately, by certified personnel, and with the
    utmost care. 32
    Critical Incident

    Stress
    management 33
    Paperworks Wearing PPEs
    Paperworks Wearing PPEs

    Heavy Workload Commands of Seniors


    Heavy Workload Commands of Seniors

    Long Work Hours Challenging and Risky Tasks


    Long Work Hours Challenging and Risky Tasks

    Work on Weekends Psychological Trauma


    Work on Weekends Psychological Trauma

    Answering Distress Calls Limited Time with Family


    Answering Distress Calls Limited Time with Family

    34
    MODELS
    OF
    STRESS 35
    DIATHESI
    S STRESS
    MODEL 36
    SELF-CARE
    37
    BREATHE FOCUS
    ✗ Sit or lie flat in a comfortable position.
    ✗ Put one hand on your belly just below your
    ribs and the other hand on your chest.
    ✗ Take a deep breath in through your nose, and
    let your belly push your hand out. Your chest
    should not move.
    ✗ Breathe out through pursed lips as if you were
    whistling. Feel the hand on your belly go in,
    and use it to push all the air out.
    ✗ Do this breathing 3 to 10 times. Take your time
    with each breath. 38
    BODY SCAN
    ✗ This technique blends breath focus with progressive
    muscle relaxation. After a few minutes of deep
    breathing, you focus on one part of the body or
    group of muscles at a time and mentally releasing
    any physical tension you feel there. A body scan can
    help boost your awareness of the mind-body
    connection. If you have had a recent surgery that
    affects your body image or other difficulties with
    body image, this technique may be less helpful for
    you.
    39
    GUIDED IMAGERY
    ✗ For this technique, you conjure up soothing scenes,
    places, or experiences in your mind to help you relax
    and focus. You can find free apps and online
    recordings of calming scenes—just make sure to
    choose imagery you find soothing and that has
    personal significance. Guided imagery may help you
    reinforce a positive vision of yourself, but it can be
    difficult for those who have intrusive thoughts or
    find it hard to conjure up mental images.
    40

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