TOPIC:-

Safety provisions [21-41]. Rights

of Employer and workers.
Obligations of workers

1. PIYUSH S. KADAM[GL] 170

2. SHUBHAM N. GIRI 162
3. GAURAV R. BHAGWAT 163
4. RUKHSAAR A. MEMAN 164

5. YASH A. MHATRE 165 [SYBAF/C]

6. ANIKET V. PANDHARE 166
7. GAUTAM D. RAI 167
8. VEDIKA R. MORE 168
9. ABHAY A. KABADI 169
SAFETY PROVISIONS OF
FACTORIES
ACT 1948
Section 21 to 41
 INTRODUCTION :-

 Section 21to 41 of chapter iii of the FACTORIES ACT, 1948

contained the safety provisions of factories act 1948 of
the workers .
 These provisions are made to provide the safe working
environment in the factories to the workers .
 Safety is the basic and primary requirement and these
provisions are incorporated in the act to ensures safety of
workers against accidents and hazardous jobs
 The details of the provisions are as follows:
SECTION 21:- FENCING OF MACHINERY
In every factory where a motion or transmission machine is used in that condition,
fencing ifs must . The speed of the automatic moving machine is very high and it
creates the danger of the life of workers. But we remove fencing with the proper
safeguards while it is necessary to oiling or lubricant. When belt mounting and
shipping time we also remove fencing of the machine .
The state govt. prescribe different rules to different factories because it depends
upon the speed of the motion machine .
T

SECTION 22:- When employees work on near

machinery in motion .
If any worker is working on the motion machine or near the motion machine then
proper cloth provided to that person . The only adult male can work on the motion
machine. Do those people want to work on a motion machine more than before it?
These people are given training on it about how to handle the machine . No young
person or woman can work on motion machine or near it .If any adult person
works on a mounting belt then the length of belt should not be more than 15cm.In
a time of a mounting check, that belt joint is join properly or not.To take all the
precautions when any person works on the machine .
 Section 23 – Employment of young
person on dangerous machine.
In ordinary conditions , young persons are not allowed to work over the machine. Firstly we
trained that person and provide knowledge about that machine . That young person is
working under the control of supervisor or supervision of a trained person.

Section 24 – Striking gear and devices for cutting

power.
There are some machines in the factory which are run through gear . In a gear mechanism,
there is a separate switching box . So the switching box must be outside that room where
the gear mechanism is running. Gear of the machine and switch on or off button must be
covered. When the person is going to work on the machine then it is necessary to check
that gear must be in neutral . The switch of the gear box is off,. The name of the person
who is going to work should be registered under the register maintained by the employer.
Firstly switch off the gear and lock them after the person allowed to do work on the
machine. A person standing nearby switches his duty to check that everything is ok or not .
The speed of the gear mechanism is very high if we do any negligence toward it then it
causes the death of a worker who is working on the machine.
Section 25:- Self acting machine
Self acting machine speed is very high so where the machine is established need to leaves a
space. The person who is employed in the factory or not maintains distance from self acting
machine. The distance between machine and passage is 45 centimeter every industry follow
this rule. The chief inspector feels that there is no maintenance of rule then passes an
order to follow the rule in that area .

Section 26:- Casing of new machinery

When a new machine is installed in a factory then a measure to be adopted Thisby Pthe
hoto
by
employer. All screw, bolt or key or any revolving shaft, wheel or pinion or spindle
Unkno must be
in a proper way. Seller or hire check the all the safety measures. Gear and the
wn
Autho
various
parts of the machine must be covered by the case so that it cannot harm therlicens
workers
is of the
factory. After the commencement of this Act, all rules and the regulations followed
ed
under
by the
employer were made by the state govt. After installing the machine some employees
CC BY
-SA
are
trained by the employer how to run machine. So, that the worker can take all the
precautionary measures and no dangers on the health of workers.
Section 27:- Prohibition of employment of
women and children near cotton openers
In any factory of cotton where there is work of cotton opener no women or children are
employed. Women and children are in a separate room of the cotton opener. They are
allowed to work on the cotton and portion. The inspector has to check that no women or
children work in cotton openers part of the factory otherwise he is given notice to
occupier of the factory.

Section 28:- Hoist and lifts

Hoists and lifts made of strong materials so they are capable to bring heavy materials. A
competent person checks the hoists and lifts every six months at least. The registered is
maintained in which all the entry is mentioned of an examination. The way os hoists and
lift is covered with an enclosure and the gate is used to prevent the person. This
enclosure are also made by the sound material. There is maximum limit of every hoists
and lifts so no overloaded hoists and lifts used. If a hoists lifts are used to carry a person
then it was covered by a gate on both sides so that the person must be safe in the hoist
and lift. To pull the hoist and lift two chains and rope used by the employer for the safety
of the workers. Efficient equipment is used to control the cage. The state government is
not satisfied with the condition of the hoist and the lift then state government given order
to maintain it properly because it was very necessary for the safety of the workers.
Section 29:- Lifting machines, chains, ropes
and lifting tackles.
Aby lifting machines must be made by sound material because they are used to
carry a person and material, goods also. Chains, ropes are made of good material
so that we can use in construction and another industrial purpose otherwise it
creates the danger of the safety of the workers. A competent person checks all
the lifting machines, ropes and lifting tackles in every twelve months. The
register is maintained of examination. The chief inspector checks the register at
any time so it should be properly maintained. The state government has the
power to make the rules related to lifting machines etc.

Section 30:- Revolving machine

The grinding process is done in any factory. So that there is a necessary to
establish a machine on that premises or nearby that . The grinding speed is very
high and if anyone comes in the contact of the machine then it causes the death C BY-SA

of the person . The diameter of the machine must be secured so that it cannot
harm the workers. State government prescribes speed of machine no one can
exceed the speed. Those instruments who are revolving by self the speed of
these instruments were also maintained like a revolving vessel, cage , basket,
flywheel, pulley.
Section 31:- Pressure plant
If any machine is used in a factory that is run by a pressure more than
atmospheric pressure then the effective measures shall be taken by the employer
for the safety of the workers. For the examination and testing state government
makes rules regarding pressure plant. The state government also adopts various
safety measures regarding the safety of the workers. The state government also
exempts any industry or plant for the provision of this section.

Section 32:- Floors, stairs and means of

access.
When the product is ready then the stock is placed in free space. It is not the
right way to use the technique. When the stock is pending it is settle down by
the employer in upstairs, floors, etc. In the factory there is easy access to the
way, to leave free space. The state government makes safety measures regarding
floors, stairs and means of access. It was made by a proper contraction and also
maintained properly.
 Section 33:- Pits, sumps, openings in floors,
etc.
Pits, sumps, openings in the floors must be covered properly because of the depth,
construction and content. These creates danger to the workers who are working
near it. The state government also exempt some industry or plant or class to this
provision by giving the order in writing.

Section 34:- Excessive weights.

In a factory, no one carries excessive weights so that it causes injury to the person.
No employer can load a heavy weight on workers. The state government prescribe
the maximum weight lifting by any adult men, adult women, adolescence and
children employed in factories. They are fixing the various classes of industries or
any description of factories.
Section 35:- Protection of eyes
In the factory where the manufacturing process creates the particles in the air and also some
explosive light comes from the manufacturing plant. This can affect the eyes of the workers.
So proper safety measures were adopted by the employer to protect the eyes of the worker.
The state government provides an effective screen or suitable goggles so that the eyes of the
workers remain safe.

Section 36:- Precaution against dangerous fumes,

gases, etc.
No person is allowed to enter any hole, pit or tank. If they are filled with dangerous fumes
and gases because it was dangerous to human health. The person is permitted to enter any
pit, hole and tank where the dangerous fumes are in permissible form. Before sending any
person in dangerous fumes vapor firstly it was checked by the competent person. Competent
people doing tests and given certificates after that person is allowed to entre any kind of
chamber. A person who is entering any kind of chamber and pit. They bear all the safety. He
is securely attached by a rope, one end of rope carry by a person who is outside the pit and
he will manage the rope properly. All apparatus and safety measures should be adopted.

Section 36A:- Precaution regarding the use of portable electric light

In-pit and chamber there is no facility of light so the workers are allowed to take light with
themselves. The voltage of light is not more than 24 volt otherwise it was dangerous to the
health of workers.
Section 37:- Explosive or inflammable dust,
gas, etc.
The manufacturing process in the factory produce any kind of dust, fumes, gases
and vapor, these gases and dust also vapor are inflammable and produce ignition
then these types of the process must be stopped or that the plant or manufacturing
process should be enclosed properly so that it cannot harm any person. All
prevention measures should be adopted properly and effective enclosure of dust,
fumes and gases.

Section 38:- Precautions in case of fire

In the factory all the preventive measures should be available at the time of
emergency. All the workers of factory-trained how to escape at the time of the
fire. The extinguisher is at the factory in everywhere. Time to time check the
validity of extinguisher and the expiry date also. Proper guidelines will be provided
to the worker at the time of emergency. All the effective measures should be
adopted so it will help to spread the firm in the place.
Section 39:- Power to require specifications
of defective parts or tests of stability
The inspector sees the condition of the factory if he thinks that there is something dangerous
to the safety of workers then an inspector in writing given the order to the manager and the
occupier and the factory and specified the date of all the tasting related to the machine and
building. Before the expiry of the date, all the manager or occupier does all the specified
result and reported to the inspector. Inspector does all these inquiries because of the safety
of the workers.

Section 40:- Safety of buildings and machinery.

The inspector checks all industries, manufacturing plants and machines there is any danger to
the health of workers. All effective measures should be adopted to take precautions.
Inspector has given notice to the manager or occupier of a factory that is there any danger to
the worker then this type of building is closed immediately. If manufacturing plants or
machine is dangerous then it was also stopped to using them.

Section 40A:- Maintenance of building.

Building in which the factory, manufacturing plant or machines are running should be properly
maintained. If the inspector thinks that this causes the danger to the life of the worker then
an inspector in writing given notice to the manager or occupier of the factory to repair that
building otherwise shift to another building. All effective measures should be adopted.
Section 40B Safety officers
In a factory, if one thousand or more than workers are working then the employer
has to hire a safety officer. The safety officer helps the workers who have any
injury in the course of employment or disease. The qualification and conditions
are prescribed by the state government according to it employer appoint a safety
officer.

Section 41:- Power to make rules to

supplement this chapter.
This section is supplementary if there are any other measures adopted by the
state government for the safety of worker then state government do it under this
section.
Right of Employers and workers.

[sec 111A of the factories Act, 1948]

Every worker shall have the right to
i. Obtain from the occupier, information relating to worker’s health
and safety at work.
ii. Get trained within the factory wherever possible, or to get himself
sponsored by the occupier for getting trained at a training centre or
institute, duly approved by the chief inspector, where training is
imparted from workers health and safety at work.
iii. Represent to the inspector directly or through his representative in
the matter of inadequate provision for protection of his health and
safety in the factory.
Obligations of workers.

1.No worker in a factory-

[a] Shall willfully interfere with or misuse any appliance, convenience or other thing
provided in a factory for the purpose of securing the health, safety or welfare of the
workers therein;
[b] Shall willfully and without reasonable cause do anything likely to endanger
himself or others; and
[c] Shall willfully neglect to make use of any appliance or other thing provided in the
factory for the purpose of securing the health and safety of the workers therein.
2. If any worker employed in a factory contravenes any of the provisions of this
section or of any rule or order made there under, he shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months or with fine which may
extend to one hundred rupees, or with both.