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    Artificial Precipitation: Anagha S Mohan EGE052005

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    Anagha mohan
    Artificial precipitation involves artificially saturating clouds to induce precipitation. This is done through cloud seeding, which involves introducing substances like silver iodide or dry ice into clouds to stimulate growth of water droplets or ice crystals. For cloud seeding to be effective, certain cloud types like nimbus clouds must already exist in sufficient depth and vertical extent with the potential for natural precipitation. When cloud seeding agents are introduced, they act as nuclei to promote coalescence of microscopic cloud particles into larger forms that precipitate as rain or snow. The goal of artificial precipitation is to modify clouds in a way that converts more of their water content into precipitation.

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    Artificial Precipitation: Anagha S Mohan EGE052005

    Uploaded by

    Anagha mohan
    59 views13 pages
    Artificial precipitation involves artificially saturating clouds to induce precipitation. This is done through cloud seeding, which involves introducing substances like silver iodide or dry ice into clouds to stimulate growth of water droplets or ice crystals. For cloud seeding to be effective, certain cloud types like nimbus clouds must already exist in sufficient depth and vertical extent with the potential for natural precipitation. When cloud seeding agents are introduced, they act as nuclei to promote coalescence of microscopic cloud particles into larger forms that precipitate as rain or snow. The goal of artificial precipitation is to modify clouds in a way that converts more of their water content into precipitation.

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    ARTIFICIAL PRECIPITATION

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    Artificial precipitation involves artificially saturating clouds to induce precipitation. This is done through cloud seeding, which involves introducing substances like silver iodide or dry ice into clouds to stimulate growth of water droplets or ice crystals. For cloud seeding to be effective, certain cloud types like nimbus clouds must already exist in sufficient depth and vertical extent with the potential for natural precipitation. When cloud seeding agents are introduced, they act as nuclei to promote coalescence of microscopic cloud particles into larger forms that precipitate as rain or snow. The goal of artificial precipitation is to modify clouds in a way that converts more of their water content into precipitation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    59 views13 pages

    Artificial Precipitation: Anagha S Mohan EGE052005

    Uploaded by

    Anagha mohan
    Artificial precipitation involves artificially saturating clouds to induce precipitation. This is done through cloud seeding, which involves introducing substances like silver iodide or dry ice into clouds to stimulate growth of water droplets or ice crystals. For cloud seeding to be effective, certain cloud types like nimbus clouds must already exist in sufficient depth and vertical extent with the potential for natural precipitation. When cloud seeding agents are introduced, they act as nuclei to promote coalescence of microscopic cloud particles into larger forms that precipitate as rain or snow. The goal of artificial precipitation is to modify clouds in a way that converts more of their water content into precipitation.

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    ARTIFICIAL

    PRECIPITATION
    ANAGHA S MOHAN
    EGE052005
    WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL
    PRECIPITATION?
    ☻Artificial precipitation does not mean precipitation from artificially created clouds.
    ☻Science has not developed to that state to artificially create rain giving clouds at a desired place and
    time.[Nimbus clouds are clouds that produce precipitation that reach the ground in the form of rain, snow or hail.]
    ☻Artificial precipitation is a process where by precipitation is procured by artificially saturating a
    special type of cloud.
    ☻This process is also called artificial seeding of the clouds or artificial modification of clouds.
    MECHANISM
    ☻Clouds consists of tiny droplets of water which are generally so light weight and small sized.
    ☻They are withheld by the updrafts of air in the atmosphere.
    ☻Such microscopically small cloud droplets are not capable of falling on the surface of the
    earth.
    ☻But when these cloud particles coalesce by various processes, they grow larger in size and
    start falling on ground in the form of precipitation.
    ☻Therefore ,Artificial Precipitation involves the joining together of microscopic cloud particles
    so that they grow in size and ultimately fall to ground by their weight.
    CLOUD SEEDING
    ☻Cloud seeding is a traditional method of artificial precipitation used since 1940.
    ☻In 1946, After 2nd world war, V.J Schaefer and E. Langmuir discovered that certain types of
    cloud could be modified to produce precipitation.
    ☻They dropped DRY ICE from an aero plane into a supercooled cloud over New England
    which within no time resulted in the growth of ice crystals.
    ☻However, the falling drops of precipitation evaporated before reaching the ground.
    ☻Similar experiments were conducted in Australia with partial success.
    ☻This convinced the scientists that the supercooled layers of clouds as well as cumulus clouds
    in a particular way can be converted into ice clouds.
    ☻B. Vonnegut (1949) discovered another method of artificial precipitation.
    ☻His notable discovery was that at a temperature below -5 degree Celsius, Silver Iodide(AgI)
    could also be used for cloud seeding.
    ☻The fine powder of AgI acts as a nuclei which produce ice crystals.
    ☻AgI smoke is introduced into suitable clouds by aero planes or by use of explosive rockets or
    balloons.
    ☻The special characteristic of AgI is that when it is heated to high temperature ,it gets converted
    into vapor.
    ☻After cooling, the vapor produces 0.01 micron diameter sized tiny crystals.
    ☻When these crystals are introduced into supercooled clouds, the entire cloud is immediately
    converted into ICE CLOUDS.
    NOTE : The use of AgI is effective only in such clouds that have potential for natural
    precipitation.
    ☻There are 2 other techniques for inducing artificial precipitation.

    ☻BOWEN’S COALESCENCE THEORY : By this method , water droplets of about 50


    micron diameter are sprayed into the layers of deep clouds so that they may grow by
    sweeping up microscopic cloud particles during upward and downward movements.

    ☻INJECTION OF FINELY GROUND SAND : Another technique employed is the


    injection of finely ground sand which acts as hygroscopic nuclei.

    ☻Since these nuclei are always present in adequate number, this technique simply attempts
    to increase the proportion of larger nuclei to stimulate rain drop production in a cloud.
    The picture shows a cloud
    seeding plane used in San Luis
    Obispo (U.S) equipped with
    burn in place flares that release
    silver iodide.
    PRE-REQUISITES FOR CLOUD
    SEEDING
    ☻The clouds of great vertical extent must pre exist before any rain making device is applied to
    them.
    ☻According to Best and Mason, cloud seeding cannot unlock the reserves of water vapor in the
    atmosphere, since none of the seeding techniques contain any method for renewing the cloud.
    ☻Depth of clouds selected for seeding must be exceeding 1500m.
    ☻The altitude of the bases of such clouds from the ground must be as much as their vertical
    thickness.
    ☻Generally, Nimbus clouds(dark brown appearance) are selected for artificial precipitation
    since they are found at a height of 1-2km from the ground.
    This figure shows a seeding aero
    plane spraying silver iodide to
    the atmosphere.
    TYPES OF CLOUD SEEDING
    WARM CLOUD SEEDING COLD CLOUD SEEDING

     Also called Glycogenic cloud seeding.


     Also called Hygroscopic cloud seeding.
     Done by using super cooling agents like
     Done by using salts like NaCl, CaCl2 at
    temperatures not cooler than 0 degree AgI, Dry Ice at temperatures colder than 0
    Celsius producing rain. degree Celsius, thus producing larger ice
    crystals.
    REFERENCE
     Climatology by D.S LAL
     Google Resources on Cloud seeding
     Diagrams: Indonesian Radio
    THANK YOU !

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