5.

DESIGN OF MODIFICATION
AND IMPROVEMENT ON
AUTOMOBILE SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY:
MAHENDRA
 CONTENT
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Design Modification of Suspension System
 Types of Suspension System
 Working of Suspension System
 Components of Suspension System
 Advantage and Disadvantage of Suspension System
 Conclusion
 ABSTRACT
 The present days all vehicles used in air suspension
system like buses and truck. The main suspension system
purpose is dynamic system which directly affects in
driving comfort of the vehicle and safety of cars is
determined by the design of the suspension system.
 The so many types of suspension systems are used in
like active suspension, semi-active, passive suspension,
hydraulic suspension, electromagnetic suspension on it.
 The aim of suspension system in possibility of modeling,
simultaneous, and diagnostic of the suspension system of
passenger car.
 INTRODUCTION

The main purpose of the suspension is to separate the body
and owners from the smooth of the road.
 Another major property is to maintain the tires on the ground in
all the way. The mechanical suspension system is designed for
constant spring mass of the vehicle .
 Suspension system is used for major applicants is safety
concern of the vehicles. The one of the modification is the
components towards safety concern is a major for research
carried out for automobile radiators.
 The suspension system is a combination of tires ,springs, shock
absorbers and connectors to connect the vehicle to its wheels.
 INTRODUCTION
 Suspension system is one of most important element of
the car system. It is also used determines the safety of
the car and driving comfort.
 A shock absorber is a mechanical device. It is designed
to dissipate kinetic energy. Shock absorber are hydraulic
pump type device that helps manage to the impact and
recoil movement of the vehicles springs and suspension.
The shock absorber is contact to the vehicles tires on the
road surface at all times. This contact of tires is safest
control and braking response of the vehicles.
 Automobile suspension system design is vibration
control which depends on the damping system is one of
the important problem of the noise is high.
Figure 5.1(Design of suspension system)
DESIGN MODIFICATION OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 Now a days the air suspension system is used in all
commercial vehicles like buses, and trucks. In the recent
times the peoples are looking for air suspense system in light
commercial vehicles. The modification improve on the
changes in vehicles performance. The modification on the
components towards safety concern in highly danger area for
carried out for automobile radiator. The done to be braking
system to improve the safety concern. It gives better comfort
then the conventional mechanical spring suspension system .
The maintainance and replacement cost air suspension system
components are also comparatively low. The safety concern for
any vehicles. The suddenly children or dogs came infronts car
when car is stopped in direct solar radiators.
DESIGN MODIFICATION OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM

 In the development of suspension system is the current the

new modern of development in suspension system of vehicle
such as active and semi active suspension s system and passive
suspension system . The passive suspension system is suspension
setup comparising of viscous linear spring and damper with a s
consistent stiffness and damping co-efficient. The passive
suspension of the vehicle is reliable and simple and economical.
Active suspension s are out fitted electronic control frame works
that control the activity of the suspension system of component.
This is two part of component are there one is electromagnetic
active suspension and another is hydraulic active suspension
system. Semi active suspension is control by electronically.
 TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
1. Passive Suspension system
The passive suspension system is setup comprising of
viscous linear spring and dampers with a consistent
stiffness and damping coefficient respectively. The passive
suspension of vehicle is reliable simple and economical.

Figure 5.2(Passive suspension system)

 TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
2. Semi-active suspension system
The semi active suspension utilizes a variable damper or other
variable dispersal part. The variable dissipater is a viscous twin
tube damper , where the damping coefficient can be changed by
changing the hole diameter in the in the piston.

Figure 5.3(Semi active suspension)

 TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM

3. Active Suspension System

Active suspension system are outfitted with electronic control
frame work that control the activity of the suspension
component. It consist of the actuator, the mechanical spring
and the shock absorber. The actuator in active suspension
system allows the suspension to absorber energy of
acceleration of the wheel and therefore minimize the
acceleration of the vehicles body. Active suspension system
better handling between vehicle handling comfort and driving
stability, an improved suspension design with proper controls
methods. There are two component of active suspension
system as following
 TYPES OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
 Hydraulic or pneumatic active suspension
The active suspension system with hydraulic or pneumatic
actuator is operated by means of electrical drives and powers is
supplied from either battery source or from conventional ICE
itself. Inefficiently performed because a pressurized system is
continuously required
 Electromagnetic active suspension
This system consist of spring actuator and electromagnetic
actuator which is set up in parallel configurations within a
sprung and unsprung mass. The electromagnetic actuator
performs the control system implemented concerning electrical
range supplied.
 Types of suspension system

ACTIVE SUSPENSION HYDRAULIC SUSPENSION

ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION
FIGURE 5.4(ACTIVE AND HYDRAULIC AND ELECTROMAGNETIC
SUSPENSION SYSTEM)
 WORKING OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
Suspension system which used in automobile works under
dynamic systems like high speed sharp turn, where it provides
stability. Above that we use shock absorbers in suspension
system, which prevents the frame from the shocks produced by
the rough road conditions by absorbing shock which in turn
makes the ride smooth for the passengers and luggage.
 Knuckle is the component that is mounted over the wheel’s
hub through which the wheels and the suspension of the
vehicle connect with each other by the linkage provided. A
knuckle provides housing for central bearing over which the
wheel’s hub rotates along with the rotation of the wheels.
 WORKING OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
It provides dampening function as well as structural support for the
vehicle suspension system. Anti Sway bars provide for the stability to
the moving vehicle and it joins the different sides of the suspension
and helps in reducing the vehicle sway. Ball joints used to provide
multi dimensional movement and are lubricated with grease and
sealant. spindle ties the wheel and the tire into steering system.
The rear and front pairs of wheels are connected with solid axle such
that the upward movement of one wheel cause slight lift in the second
wheel. When one wheel lifts up due to the road bump the solid axle
attached with it also lifts up and the force generated by the wheel due
to its upward movement is transferred to corresponding right wheel
which turn tries to lift it up slightly.
WORKING OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM

Figure 5.5(Working of suspension system)

 COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
1.Steering Knuckle
Steering knuckle is connected to wheel’s hub and spindle
which attaches suspension and steering component.

2. Control Arm
control arm is movable lever that fastens steering knuckles to
the vehicle’s body. Vehicles with short long control arm, the
front suspensions have four control arm, two uppers and two
lowers
 COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
3.Ball Joint
Suspension ball joint is chassis part that connects the steering
knuckle to the control arm. The ball and socket design of the
joint allows it to swivel, so the knuckle can pivot as the wheels
are steered and allows it to arc.

4.Suspension spring
The vehicle body is supported by the suspension spring which
are placed between the body and wheel axles.
COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM

Steering Knuckle Control arm Sway bar

Ball point Damper

Figure 5.6 (component of suspension system)
COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM
Types of suspension springs:
 Coil spring

A Coil spring is simply a spiral of resilient steel rod it is

stretched or compressed by the vertical movement of the
wheels.
 Torsion bar

Torsion bar is a straight spring steel rod with splined or square

ends . One end of the bar is attached to the frame and the other
end is connected to the lower control arms.
 Rubber spring

non metallic materials like rubber can provide main springing

action but a more commonly used as stops to limit extreme
suspension movement.
 COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
Types of suspension springs:
 Leaf spring

The leaf spring is one of the oldest forms of springing. It is

usually used on rear wheel drive vehicles because of its
simplicity. They are normally mounted longitudinally. Leaf
springs are constructed of one or more strips of long narrow
spring steel. These metal strips called leaves are assembled
with plastic or synthetic rubber insulator between the leaves
allowing the freedom of movements during spring operation
without creating wear or noise. The longest leaf called the main
leaf is rolled at both ends to form eyes. These eyes are used to
mount the spring to the frame of the vehicle.
TYPE OF SUSPENSION SPRING

Coil spring Torsion bar

Rubber spring Leaf spring

Figure 5.7(Types of suspension springs)
 COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
5. Sway Bar
Sway bar is also called stabilizer bar or anti roll bar.
Sway bar connects lower control arms on both sides of
vehicles. Sway bar operates as a spring when car leans to
one side . If one wheel moves up or down in relation to
the other wheel bar twists as it tries to move the other
wheel along with it.

6.Dampers
The energy of road shock cause the spring to oscillate.
These oscillations are restricted to reasonable level by
damper. There are three types of dampers.
 COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
Types of Dampers
 Shock absorber

Shock absorber are conventional telescopic dampers. They

are used on all conventional suspension system to dampen
and control the motion of the vehicle’s springs. One end is
connected to the body or frame and the other end is
connected to the axle or control arm.
 Coil-over shock

A coil-over is a suspension device which consists of a shock

with a coil spring encircling it. There are two types of coil-
over. They are Full coil over and Slip on coil over. Full coil
over are matched up with a shock absorber from the factory.
 COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
Types of Dampers
 Strut

 A strut is a structural part of the vehicle suspension systems and

is mounted to the chassis on the top and they come down
through.
 A strut assembly is made up of the strut bump stop or boot
spring seat and mount.
 The bottom of the strut is usually attached to steering knuckle
and the top of the strut is connected to the vehicle body through
an upper strut mount.
 COMPONENTS OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
Types of Dampers

Coil over Shock absorber Strut

Figure 5.8(Types of dampers)

 ADVANTAGE OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM
 It gives smooth and comfort ride of the vehicle
 The stiffness of the system increases with the increase of
the deflection
 These maintain a constant frequency of vibration
whether the vehicle is load or not loaded
 Greater distance for resisting rolling action
 Front axle improve the road holding tendency of tires
 Independent rear suspension is increased in passenger
space
 DISADVANTAGE OF SUSPENSION
SYSTEM

 Independent front shock absorber required

 It is very Expensive
 Air suspension system heavy and complicated
 Design is difficult
 CONCLUSION
The suspension system is detailed analysis is being for
the modified in the automobile. The most of the
suspension systems are used in passenger car is the
independent suspension with coil spring coil spring is
more cheap and reliable of these suspension systems. All
oldest vehicles are used in leaf spring of suspension
system. For example buses and trucks. The main design
purpose is driving and journey comfort and safety and
ride smoothly in modified of the suspension system.
 REFERENCE

[1]Figure 5.1(Design of suspension system)-From Google

[2]Figure 5.2(Passive suspension)-From Google
[3]Figure 5.3(Semi-active suspension)-From Google
[4]Figure 5.4(Active , Hydraulic and Electromagnetic
suspension system)-From Google
[5]Figure 5.5(Working of suspension system)-From Google
[6]Figure 5.6(Component of suspension system)- From Google
[7]Figure 5.7(Types of Suspension Spring)- From Google
[8]Figure 5.8(Types of Dampers)-From Google
THANK YOU