MOMENT OF

OBJECTIV
INERTIA
TO DETERMINE THE INTERNAL
FORCE ACTING ON THE CROSS SECTIONAL
E:
AREA OF A MATERIAL (BEAM) WITH A
STANDARD GEOMETRICAL FIGURE ALONG
A GIVEN “X” OR “Y” AXIS.

1
INERTIA , or innate force
, is a of matter
power of resisting by which every body, as
much as in it lies, endeavors to preserve its present state, whether it
be of rest or of moving uniformly forward in a straight line.
“Sir Isaac Newton 1st Law of
Motion”
POTENTIAL is the energy that an object has due to its
position
ENERGY in a force field or that a system has due to the configuration
of its parts.
KINETIC of an object is defined as the work needed to
accelerate
ENERGY a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity, the same
amount of work is done by the body in decelerating from its current
speed to a state of rest.
2
Kinetic energy of rigid bodies a non-rotating rigid body
depends on the mass of the body as well as its speed. The kinetic
energy is equal to 1/2 the product of the mass and the square of the
speed.
In formula form: t= ½ mv2
The first moment of area, is a measure of the distribution of the area
of a shape in relation to an axis. Based in the mathematical metric
spaces, stating that the moment of area equals the summation of area times
distance to an axis [Σ(a × d)].
commonly used to determine the CENTROID of an area.
AȲ = Σ A1Ȳ1 + A2Ȳ2…. AnȲn

3
MOMENT OF The second moment of area,
INERTIA
also known as moment of inertia of plane area, it is a geometrical property
of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an
arbitrary axis that lies perpendicular to the plane.
The formula IXX = ʃ y2 da
Engineering mechanics – (dynamics and statics)
• DYNAMICS
The kinetic energy of a rotating body about its axis of rotation.
The angular velocity of an object about an axis due to rotation.
• STATICS
The ability of a body to resist rotation about an axis due to an applied load.
4
 • MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA
IRREGULAR
The kinetic energy of an object that is OBJECT
rotating at an angular velocity about an
axis dm
Equal to the
t= ½ mv2
t= kinetic energy
ω distance from the
centroid
rω r And the
v = magnitude of force vector perpendicular
distance to the
d t= ½ dm ( rω ) 2 axis of rotation

5
 • MASS MOMENT OF INERTIA
IRREGULAR
The kinetic energy of an object that is OBJECT
rotating at an angular velocity about an
axis dm
Equal to the
t= ½ mv2
t= kinetic energy
ω distance from the
centroid
rω r
v = magnitude of force vector Perpenicular to
the axis of
d t= ½ dm ( rω ) 2 rotation
=
6
 FORMULA
and the derivation of
MOMENT OF INERTIA
Ixx = bd /12
3
For rectangles
Ixx = bd3 /12 + ad2 For composite
rectangular figures
7
 AREA MOMENT OF INERTIA

Understanding

The

PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM

8
 Ixx = ʃ Y da 2 DEFINED:
The area multiplied by the distance squared.

da Iyy = ʃ X2 da MEANING
The moment of inertia about the x-axis is the
I = MOMENT OF ʃ Y2 da and the moment of inertia about the
y-axis is the ʃ X2 da
INERTIA about a given
geometric figure. If we want the moment of inertia of the
Where: small area “da”, simply multiply that by the
distance squared. And if we want the
da = the small area being considered moment of inertia of the whole area we
Y2 = is the perpendicular distance from integrate it and we get the moment of inertia

the x-axis from the point of interest “da”. I I

of the entire area along xx or yy.
X2 = is the perpendicular distance from
the y-axis from the point of interest “da”.
9
Singular Meaning
1. The property of a body to resist bending.

b
Ixx = bd3 /12
Iyy = b3d /12
Ixx d
This formula apply only on rectangle
and figures with symmetry perpendicular
Iyy to the centroidal axis.
10
 OTHER GEOMETRICAL FIGURES
¼r4 (11/2) r4

(1/36)db 3 (1/8) r4

11 r4
(1/36)bd3

Known moment of inertia about the centroidal axis 11

For rectangles with centroids (first moment of area “Y”) assumed
to be acting at the center of the figure,…..
The formula is…… This is also the known as the
Ixx = 1/12 bd3 second moment of area or
moment of inertia.
The question arises when there is a composite figure
like a t-beam, where 2 centroids are acting along the
vertical axis (x-axis)
A common centroid exist between the two opposing
centroids. Where Ȳ is the coordinate
Let’s label that Yg or Ȳ along the y axis
12
The parallel axis theorem states that,….
da
That makes the whole
y equation,….
X X For the 1st figure
d IXX + ad2 + IXX + ad2
On the 2nd figure
M M
IMM = ʃ (y+d)2 da IXX = ʃ y2 da 1
IMM = ʃ y2 da + ʃ 2dy da +ʃ d2 da
2
= IXX + 0 + ad2
13
Where:
1 1
Moment of inertia IXX = 12 b
3
ad
d + bd2
+ 12 b d3 + bd
a d2
b

1 d
d1
d2
d

b
14
STRUCTURAL CONCEPT
MOMENT OF INERTIA about the X axis b
Ixx = bd3
1_
12

I = moment of inertia about the X axis Ixx d

b = breadth of the beam
d = depth of the beam

15
 8
PROBLEM 1 Ixx = bd3
1_
12 = 1_
12 )
(150)(250 3

b=150 MM Ixx = 195,312,500 mm4

Ixx d=250 MM

No. I A d I+Ad2
Find the
195,312,500
moment of
inertia 0f the
given figure
∑
16
Composite members b =150 mm Moment of inertia about
the centoidal x axis

Ixx = 121_ bd3 x d = 30 mm

= 1_
12 (150)(30 3
)
Moment of inertia about
Ixx = 337,500 mm 4
y the centoidal y axis

Iyy = b3d
1_
12

= 1_
12
(150) 3
(30 )
Iyy = 8,437,500 mm4

17
Composite members b Moment of inertia about
the centoidal x axis

Moment of inertia
Ixx = bd 1_
12
3 1
b =30 mm d about the centoidal y
axis
= 1_
12 (150)(30 3
) y
Ixx = 337,500 mm4 y I = 1_
xx 12 bd 3

1_
= (30)(140 ) 3

d =140 mm
Iyy = b3d1_ 2 12
12
Ixx = 6,860,000 mm4
= 1_
12
(150) 3
(30 ) x x
Iyy = b3d
1_
Iyy = 8,437,500 mm 4 12

The centroid of The centroid of =

1_
12 (30) (140
3
)
area 1 as b/2 & d/2 area 2 as b/2 & d/2
Iyy = 315,000 mm4 18
Merging composite b
members
Ixx = 121_ bd3 b =30 mm d
y
= 1_
12 (150)(30 3
)
Ixx = 337,500 mm4 y Ixx = 12 bd3
1_

d =140 mm
= 1_
)
(30)(140 3
Iyy = b d
1_ 3 12
12
x x Ixx = 6,860,000 mm4
= 1_
12
(150) 3
(30 )
Iyy = b3d
1_
Iyy = 8,437,500 mm 4 12

=
1_
12 (30) (140
3
)
Iyy = 315,000 mm4 19
T-BEAM y b =150 mm
Y At = ∑ Y1A1 + Y2A2
d =30 mm
Y = Yg
Ixx=( b1d13+A1 d1)
1_
12

+( b2d23+A2 d2)
1_ d=170 mm
12 140 mm

x
20
 TABULATING Y At = ∑ Y1A1 + Y2A2
DATAb Y At = ∑ Y1 A+1 Y2A2
d 1
Y At = ∑ Y1A1 + Y2A2
d ½ (b)(d3))
LOCATING
2
No. Ixx Yg A d I +Ad xx
2

b 1 (1/12) b d3 b d
2 (1/12) b d3 b d
∑ TOTAL
21
bd of 1 d mm4
 b=150 Y1= 140 + (30 / 2) = 155 mm
d=30 15 Y2= 140 / 2 = 70 mm
Y (8,700 mm2 ) =(155 mm) (4,500 mm2)
d=140 + (70 mm) (4,200 mm2)
70 Y 8,700 mm2 = 697,500 mm3
+ 806,000 mm3
x
y Y 8,700 mm2 = 1,503,500 mm3
d=30 Y = 1,503,500 mm3
Y At = ∑ Y1A1 + Y2A2 8,700 mm2
At = b1d1 + b2d2 Y = 113.97 mm
At= 4,500 + 4,200 = 8,700 mm2
22
 b=150 Y = 113.97 mm
d=30 d1 = 155 - 113.97 = 41.03
d1
d2 = 113.97 - 70 = 43.97
140

155
113.97

70
x
y
d=30 No. Ixx A d Ixx+Ad2
1 (1/12) b d3 b d 41.03 mm
2 (1/12) b d3 b d 43.97 mm
∑ TOTAL
23
 b=150
d=30
No. Ixx A d Ixx+Ad2
1 337,500 mm4 4,500 mm4 41.03 mm
d=140
2 6,860,000 mm4 4,200 mm4 43.97 mm
∑ 8,700 mm4 TOTAL

No. Ixx A d Ixx+Ad2

d=30 (1/12) (150) (30)3 (150) (30) 41.03 mm
1
2 (1/12) (30) (140) 3 (30) (140) 43.97 mm
∑ TOTAL
24
 b=150
d=30
No. Ixx A d Ixx+Ad2
1 337,500 mm4 4,500 mm4 41.03 mm 7,913,074.05 mm4
d=140
2 6,860,000 mm4 4,200 mm
4 43.97 mm 14,980,115.78 mm4
∑ 8,700 mm4 22,893,189.81 mm4

No. Ixx A d Ixx+Ad2

d=30 (1/12) (150) (30)3 (150) (30) 41.03 mm (337,500) + (4,500) (41.032)
1
2 (1/12) (30) (140) 3 (30) (140) 43.97 mm (6,860,000) + (4,200) (43.972)

∑ TOTAL
25
DIRECT
METHOD
IXX= ∑ IX+ Ad2
IXX= {(b1d13) + A1d12} + {(b2d23) + A2d22}
12 12
IXX= {(150)(303) + (4,500)(41.03)2} + {(30)(140)3 + (4,200)(43.97)2} =
12 12
22,893,189.83 mm4
No. I A d I+Ad2

1 337,500 4500 41.03 7,913,074.05

2 6,860,000 4200 43.97 14,980,116.78
∑ 22,893,189.83 mm4

26
 Composite members c
b
d 1 na
d1
N = Et
d2 Ec = 4Et
d
t Ec = 10Et
2
No. Ixx A d Ixx+Ad2
b 1 (1/12) bd3 of 1 bd of 1 d1 mm4
2 (1/12) bd3 of 2 bd of 2 d2 mm4

∑ TOTAL 27