Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 50 views

    Affixes: Ballb/Bballb - Sem 2

    Uploaded by

    vanshika jain
    1. Affixes change the form and meaning of words by adding prefixes or suffixes. They can change a word's part of speech from noun to verb, adjective, or adverb. 2. Common suffixes that create nouns include -er, -ist, -ian, -dom, -ness, -ship, -ment, -hood, -ism, and -ion. Suffixes that create adjectives include -ful, -less, -ble, -ish, -ly, -al, -ary, and -y. Verbs are often formed with suffixes like -en, -se, -ate, and -fy. Adverbs are commonly formed with -ly or -wards

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Affixes: Ballb/Bballb - Sem 2

    Uploaded by

    vanshika jain
    50 views23 pages
    1. Affixes change the form and meaning of words by adding prefixes or suffixes. They can change a word's part of speech from noun to verb, adjective, or adverb. 2. Common suffixes that create nouns include -er, -ist, -ian, -dom, -ness, -ship, -ment, -hood, -ism, and -ion. Suffixes that create adjectives include -ful, -less, -ble, -ish, -ly, -al, -ary, and -y. Verbs are often formed with suffixes like -en, -se, -ate, and -fy. Adverbs are commonly formed with -ly or -wards

    Original Description:

    GENERAL ENGLISH 2

    Original Title

    Affixes

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1. Affixes change the form and meaning of words by adding prefixes or suffixes. They can change a word's part of speech from noun to verb, adjective, or adverb. 2. Common suffixes that create nouns include -er, -ist, -ian, -dom, -ness, -ship, -ment, -hood, -ism, and -ion. Suffixes that create adjectives include -ful, -less, -ble, -ish, -ly, -al, -ary, and -y. Verbs are often formed with suffixes like -en, -se, -ate, and -fy. Adverbs are commonly formed with -ly or -wards

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    50 views23 pages

    Affixes: Ballb/Bballb - Sem 2

    Uploaded by

    vanshika jain
    1. Affixes change the form and meaning of words by adding prefixes or suffixes. They can change a word's part of speech from noun to verb, adjective, or adverb. 2. Common suffixes that create nouns include -er, -ist, -ian, -dom, -ness, -ship, -ment, -hood, -ism, and -ion. Suffixes that create adjectives include -ful, -less, -ble, -ish, -ly, -al, -ary, and -y. Verbs are often formed with suffixes like -en, -se, -ate, and -fy. Adverbs are commonly formed with -ly or -wards

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 23

    Affixes

    BALLB/BBALLB – SEM 2
    Why Affixes?
    Look at the following sentences:
    1. It is against the law to kill someone.
    2. It is not legal to kill someone.
    3. It is illegal to kill someone.
    4. You require a lawful authority to possess a gun.
    5. It is unlawful to possess a gun without license.
    6. She is his lawfully wedded wife.
    What happened there?
    We look the root word law (which is devoid of any affixes) and created 5
    different words out of it.
    With the suffix –al – Legal
    Adding the prefix il- to ‘legal’ – Illegal
    Adding the suffix –ful to ‘law’ – Lawful
    Adding the prefix un- to ‘lawful’ – Unlawful
    Adding the suffix –ly to ‘lawful’ – Lawfully
    *In each case, we have changed the form (the part of speech) and also
    altered the meaning of the original word in differing degrees.
    Theory
    So affixes perform two interrelated functions:
    1. They change the form (the part of speech) of a word
    2. They alter the meaning of the word
    E.g.
    - Courage (Root – Noun)
    - Encourage (Verb)
    - Discourage (Verb with Opposite Meaning)
    - Courageous (Adjective)
    - Courageously (Adverb)
    Method
    Following the same line of thought, we will understand the topic in two ways:
    1. Conversion of a word into different parts of speech
    2. Creating a) Opposite and b) Altered meaning
    How should you approach:
    1. Identify which part of speech the given root word is in.
    2. See if you can change the part of speech and attach an affix. E.g. judge –
    Judgement
    3. See if you can create an opposite meaning. E.g. Well
    Unwell
    *Give preference to more visible affixes like –ment, -ness, Un-, Dis-, Mis-
    1. Conversion of a word into
    different parts of speech
    1) Creating a Noun with Suffixes
    someone who does a certain thing
    -er/-or/yer – lawyer, driver, painter, potter, banker, actor, bowler
    -ist – artist, chemist, percussionist
    -ian – magician
    >> this is generally noun to noun conversion
    Abstract Nouns
    -dom – freedom, wisdom, martyrdom (noun to noun)
    -ness – darkness, sweetness, boldness, kindness (adjective to noun)
    -ship – friendship, companionship (noun to noun), hardship (adj to
    noun)
    -ment – fulfilment, achievement (verb to noun), judgement (noun to
    noun)
    Abstract Nouns
    -hood – boyhood, childhood, manhood (noun to noun)
    - th – health, growth (verb to noun)
    - ism – patriotism, fascism, communism, racism (noun to noun)
    - cy – accuracy, lunacy, privacy (adj to noun), piracy (noun to noun)
    -mony – testimony, matrimony
    - ion – action, opinion (verb to noun)
    2) Diminutives (Nouns) >> smaller form of something
    -ette/et – Cigarette, owlet
    -let – starlet, leaflet
    -ling – duckling, sapling
    >> noun to noun
    Other Mentions:
    -age (marriage), -ty (cruelty),
    2) Creating Adjectives with Suffixes
    - ful (full of) – beautiful, lawful, hopeful, joyful
    - less (devoid of) – hopeless, joyless, guileless, shameless
    - ble (-able/-ible) (ability) – accessible, laughable, understandable
    - ish (somewhat like) – reddish, girlish, boyish
    - ly (like) – manly, godly
    -al (of) – national, legal, fatal, global
    -ary – honorary, customary
    -y – wealthy, healthy, windy, dirty, thirsty
    - ed (having something) – gifted, talented, learned
    - en (made of) – wooden, golden, woolen
    Other Mentions
    -ive (active), -ward (homeward), -ate (fortunate), -ine (masculine), -ic
    (artistic), -some (wholesome)
    *Most of these are noun to adjective conversions. In other words, if the
    given root word is a noun, see if you can convert it into an adjective.
    3) Creating Verbs with Suffixes
    -en – weaken, sweeten (adj to verb), strengthen (noun to verb)
    -se – cleanse (adj to verb)
    -ate – assassinate (noun to verb) captivate, activate (adj to verb)
    -fy – simplify, purify (adj to verb)
    -ise – sympathise (noun to verb), criticise (noun to verb)
    -er – chatter (noun to verb)
    A) Creating Verbs with Prefixes
    En- - Encourage, Encircle
    4) Creating Adverbs with Suffixes
    -ly (manner) – boldly, wisely, closely, clearly
    -ward(s) (direction) – homeward, backwards, upwards
    -wise (manner) – likewise, otherwise
    Remember!
    Though these are technically considered affixes, you should avoid them
    while answering questions about affixes:
    1. Same verb in another tense
    E.g. Watch – Watched
    Instead, Watch – Watchful
    2. Degrees of Comparison
    E.g. Wise – Wiser – Wisest
    Wise – Wisdom
    3. Hyphenated Words
    E.g. Hero – Anti-hero
    Instead, Hero – Heroism
    *These are NOT affixes
    Watchman
    Sunrise
    Workforce
    These ARE: Watchful, Uprising, Workable
    2 a) Creating an Opposite
    Meaning
    1. un-
    - not (in case of adjectives)
    Unjust, Unkind, Unsafe, Unholy, Unseen, Untrue
    - reverse an action (in case of verbs)
    Untie, undo, unfollow, unpack, unfold, unlike
    2. in-/im-/ir-/il-
    - not (adjectives)
    -insecure, invalid, incorrect, informal, injustice
    - immovable, imperfect, impossible, immature
    - irregular, irrational, irresponsible
    - illegal, illegible
    3. mis-
    Wrong (in case of nouns)
    Misdeed, misunderstanding, misinformation
    Wrong (in case of verbs)
    Mislead, misjudge, misfire, miscalculate
    4. dis-
    Strongly Nullify a previous action (In case of verbs)
    Disjoin, disqualify, disable, disprove, disown, dishearten, discourage
    Not (in case of adjectives)
    Dishonest, dissimilar, disinterested
    Lack of (in case of nouns)
    Disbelief, disability, dislike, distrust, disgrace
    Other Important Ones:
    De- (Reversing an action) – Deactivate
    De- (negative side) – Demerits
    Mal- (Wrong) – Malpractice, malnutrition
    2 b) Creating an Altered
    Meaning
    1. Fore-
    Before
    Foresee, foretell, forecast, forefather, forebear
    2. For-
    Thoroughly
    Forgive, forbear
    3. With-
    Against, Back
    Withdraw, withhold, withstand
    4. To-
    This
    Today, tonight, tomorrow
    5. Under-
    Beneath, below, less than the capacity
    Underperform, undersell, undernourished
    6. Pre
    Before
    Prefix, Predict
    7. Post-
    After
    Postpone, postdated
    8. Re-
    Again
    Renew, reclaim, return
    Thank You!

    You might also like