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    Electrical Machine & Control Systems

    Uploaded by

    Hatem Dheer
    The document discusses the construction and operation of DC machines. It describes how a DC machine consists of a stator and rotor. The stator contains field windings that produce a magnetic field, while the rotor contains armature windings connected to a commutator. Brushes transfer current from the rotating armature to an external circuit. There are two main types of armature windings - lap and wave windings. Lap windings have one coil per pole, while wave windings have two parallel paths. The document also explains how DC machines can operate as motors, converting electrical energy to mechanical energy, or generators, converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Electrical Machine & Control Systems

    Uploaded by

    Hatem Dheer
    22 views24 pages
    The document discusses the construction and operation of DC machines. It describes how a DC machine consists of a stator and rotor. The stator contains field windings that produce a magnetic field, while the rotor contains armature windings connected to a commutator. Brushes transfer current from the rotating armature to an external circuit. There are two main types of armature windings - lap and wave windings. Lap windings have one coil per pole, while wave windings have two parallel paths. The document also explains how DC machines can operate as motors, converting electrical energy to mechanical energy, or generators, converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.

    Original Description:

    machine and controller

    Original Title

    Lecture 13

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    The document discusses the construction and operation of DC machines. It describes how a DC machine consists of a stator and rotor. The stator contains field windings that produce a magnetic field, while the rotor contains armature windings connected to a commutator. Brushes transfer current from the rotating armature to an external circuit. There are two main types of armature windings - lap and wave windings. Lap windings have one coil per pole, while wave windings have two parallel paths. The document also explains how DC machines can operate as motors, converting electrical energy to mechanical energy, or generators, converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views24 pages

    Electrical Machine & Control Systems

    Uploaded by

    Hatem Dheer
    The document discusses the construction and operation of DC machines. It describes how a DC machine consists of a stator and rotor. The stator contains field windings that produce a magnetic field, while the rotor contains armature windings connected to a commutator. Brushes transfer current from the rotating armature to an external circuit. There are two main types of armature windings - lap and wave windings. Lap windings have one coil per pole, while wave windings have two parallel paths. The document also explains how DC machines can operate as motors, converting electrical energy to mechanical energy, or generators, converting mechanical energy to electrical energy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    University of Palestine

    COLLEGE OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND URBAN PLAINING

    Electrical Machine & Control Systems


    Lecture #13
    Electrical Machines

    Eng. Mohammed A. Timraz


    Chapter 7
    DC Machines
    Fundamentals
    Introduction

    • A DC Machines can be used as either a DC generator or a


    DC motor.
    • DC generators
    - To convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.
    - Limited use due to solid state rectifier.
    • DC motors
    - To convert electrical energy to mechanical energy
    - Widely used
    - Main feature: speed control is simple and cheap
    Construction
    Construction
    Construction

    • DC Machine = Stator + Rotor (armature)


    - Stator: stationary part ~ does not move, the outer frame of
    the machines is made of ferromagnetic materials.
    - Rotor (Armature): rotating part ~ free to move, the inner
    part of the machine is made of ferromagnetic materials.
    - Field winding: is wound on the stator poles to produce
    magnetic field (flux) in the air gap.
    - Armature winding: is composed of coils placed in the
    armature slots.
    Construction

    - Commutator: is composed of copper bars, insulated from


    each other. The armature winding is connected to the
    commutator.
    - Brush: placed against the commutator surface. Brush is
    used to connect the armature winding to external circuit
    through commutator.
    Construction

    • The conductor placed in the slots of the stator or


    rotor are interconnected to form windings.
    • The winding in which voltage is induced is called the
    armature winding.
    • The winding through which a current is passed to
    produce the primary source of flux in the machine is
    called the field winding.
    Construction

    In the DC machine, the field winding is placed on the


    stator and the armature winding on the rotor.

    DC motor stator
    DC motor rotor
    Cutaway view of a dc motor
    Details of the commutator of a dc motor
    Armature Windings

    A turn consists of two conductors connected to one end


    by an end connector.
    A coil is formed by connecting several turns in series.
    A winding is formed by connecting several coils in
    series.
    Armature Windings

    Cut and unroll of DC machine


    Armature Windings

    Electrical degree and mechanical degree

    Pole pitch is the distance between the centers of


    two adjacent poles
    Armature Windings

    Two basic sequences of armature winding connections:


    a) Lap windings
    b) Wave windings
    Lap Winding
    Lap Winding

    Consider coil shown by the dark lines with one end


    connected to the commutator bar no 2. The coil is placed
    in slots 2 and 7 such that the coils sides are placed in
    similar positions under adjacent poles. This is called lap
    winding because as the winding progresses the coils laps
    back on itself.
    Lap Winding

    We can conclude, in a lap winding, the number of parallel


    paths, “a” is always equal to the number of poles, “P” and
    also to the number of brushes.
    Wave Winding

    The coil arrangement and the end connections are illustrated by


    the dark lines shown in figure above for two coils. One end of
    the coil starts at commutator bar 2 and the coil sides are placed
    in slots 7 and 12. The other end of coil is connected to
    commutator bar 13. The second coil starts at this commutator
    bar and is placed in slots 18 and 2 and ends on commutator bar
    3. This winding is called a wave winding because the coils are
    laid down a wave pattern.
    Wave Winding

    In wave windings, the number of parallel paths, ”a” is


    always two and there may be two or more brush
    positions.
    DC machines operates as a generator
    A simple rotating loop between curved poles faces

    Perspective view
    Magnetic for DC machine is supplied by the magnetic
    north and south poles shown on the stator (field
    winding)
    A simple rotating loop between curved poles faces

    View of field lines Top view


    A simple rotating loop between curved poles faces

    Front view

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