WOLAITA SODO

UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

Preservation Restoration II
 World Heritage Sites
A World Heritage site is a place that is listed by the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having special
cultural or physical significance.

The Grate Wall Of China Taj Mahal Agra ,India The Lining Tower of Pisa ,Italy
The Above definitions are set out in Article of the World Heritage Convention
 World Heritage Sites
A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site
(such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument,
building, complex, or city) that has been nominated
and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained
by the international World Heritage Program.
Which administered by the UNESCO World
Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State Parties
Yellow Stone National park, US.
(countries) which are elected by the General
Assembly of States Parties for a fixed term. (This is
similar to the United Nations Security Council.)
 World Heritage Sites

Each World Heritage Site is the property of the

country on whose territory the site is located,
but it is considered in the interest of the
international community to preserve each site
for future generations of humanity.
The protection and conservation of these sites
The Galapagos island, poland
are a concern of all the World Heritage
countries.
 World Heritage Sites
Groups of buildings: groups of separate or
connected buildings which, because of their
architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the
landscape, are of outstanding universal value from
the point of view of history, art or science.
The Grate Living Chola Temples, India

Sites: works of man or the combined works of

nature and of man, and areas including
archeological sites which are of outstanding
universe al value from the historical, aesthetic,
ethnological or anthropological points of view.

Petra Archeological site, Jordan

 World Heritage Sites

UNESCO then initiated, with the International Council on

Monuments and Sites, a draft convention to protect the common
cultural heritage of humanity.
The United States initiated the idea of combining cultural
conservation with nature conservation. A White House
conference in 1965 called for a World Heritage Trust to preserve
"the world's superb natural and scenic areas and historic sites
for the present and the future of the entire world citizenry."
The International Union for Conservation of Nature developed Aachen Cathedral, Germany

similar proposals in 1968, and they were presented in 1972 to

the United Nations conference on Human Environment in
Stockholm, Sweden.
World Heritage Sites
In 1978, when UNESCO published its first list of protected
places, there were Only 12 World Heritage Sites.

These included:
 The Galapagos Islands and Quito (both in Ecuador);
 Yellowstone National Park and Mesa Verde National Park (both in the US);
 L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Park and Nahanni National Park Lle De Goree, Iceland Senegal
(both in Canada);
 The Simien National Park and the rock-hewn churches of Lalibela (both in
Ethiopia);
 Krakow and the Wieliczka and Bochnia Salt Mines (both in Poland);
 Île de Gorée in Senegal and
 Aachen Cathedral in Germany.
The Galapagos island, poland Quito City, poland Yellow Stone National park, US.

L'Anse aux Meadows National Historic Nahanni National park, Canada.

Mesa Verde National park, US.
Sitepark, Canada.
The semien Mountains National The Rock Hewn Church,Lalibella The Wieliczka Salt Mine,Poland
park, Ethiopia Ethiopia

The Bochina Salt Mine,Poland Lle De Goree, Iceland Senegal Aachen Cathedral, Germany
 As of July 2018, there are a total of 1,092 World Heritage sites located in 167 States
Parties (countries that have adhered to the World Heritage Convention), of which
 845 are cultural
 209 are natural and
 38 are mixed properties.
Countries with the most world heritage sites

Italy, China, Spain and France are the

four nations with the most - possessing
51, 48, 44 and 41 respectively.
The Colosseum, Rome Italy. Florence Cathederal,Italy. The Baroque sites at Noto (Noto cathedral)

The Reggia di Caserta. The "Sassi" of Matera.

The Historic center of Rome (St. Peter's Basilica).
Italy 51 Cultural and natural Sites Inscribed on UNESCO world heritage site.
The Great Wall of China, China Giant Communal Homes—the Fujian Tulou Forbidden City,China

Hongcun Village, china The Old Town of Lijiang ,China Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor

 CHINA 48 Cultural and natural Sites Inscribed on UNESCO world heritage

 CATHEDRAL, ALCAZAR AND ARCHIVO, OLD TOWN OF
LAS MEDULAS PONFERRADA, SPAIN SANTIAGO DE, SPAIN
SPAIN

WORKS OF GAUDI MONT PERDU ARAGON,

HISTORIC CITY OF TOLEDO TOLEDO, PYRENEES MOUNTAINS, SPAIN
BARCELONA, SPAIN
SPAIN
 SPAIN 44 Cultural and natural Sites Inscribed on UNESCO world heritage site.
NUMBER OF SITES BY UNESCO REGION

Of the five regions UNESCO uses,

Europe and North America has the
most world heritage sites, with 420
cultural, 61 natural and 10 mixed
sites.

The Arab states have the least,

sharing 79 sites - 33 per cent of
which are under threat.
 SITES UNDER THREAT IN EACH REGION

Sites in Africa and the Middle East are

the most threatened, according to
Unesco - with both regions having 16
sites under threat.

Experts have warned about the threat to

sites in Syria, for example. Isis has
destroyed world heritage sites in the
past, such as the blowing up of the
Baalshamin Temple at the Palmyra
World Heritage site.
 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN ETHIOPIA

There are nine UNESCO

World Heritage Sites in
Ethiopia. The first sites
were listed in 1978. Only
one natural site is
included in the list and
the other eight are all
cultural sites.
 UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITES IN ETHIOPIA
Rock Hewn Churches, Lalibela (1978)
Simien National Park (1978)
Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region (1979)
Aksum (1980)
Lower Valley of the Awash (1980)
Lower Valley of the Omo (1980)
Tiya (1980)
Hara Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (2006)
Konso Cultural Landscape (2011)
  Rock Hewn Churches, Lalibela (1978)

Dubbed as the ‘New Jerusalem’, this is one

of the most breathtaking sites included in
this list of World Heritage Sites by
UNESCO in Ethiopia. Located in the
Amhara Region, this site boasts of 11
monolithic cave churches that were built in
the 13th century.
The churches are located within a traditional
village with circular-shaped dwellings. The
city of Lalibela itself is considered important
for the Christian community in Ethiopia
since it is a place of pilgrimage and
devotion.
 Simien National Park (1978)
This national park comprises the Simien
Mountains in Ethiopia. It is the only natural site
in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in
Ethiopia. It is also among the first sites in
Ethiopia to be recognized by UNESCO
(inscribed in 1978).
It was recognized for being the refuge for many
endangered species living among the Simien
Mountains including the walia ibex and
Ethiopian wolf. However, it was also included
in the list of World Heritage Sites in Danger in
1996.
 Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region
(1979)
• This property included in the list of UNESCO World
Heritage Sites in Ethiopia consists of eight
component sites. The main site is the Fasil Ghebbi
palace compound. Meanwhile, the other seven sites
are located within the city of Gondar. These sites
include a monastery, church, thermal area, bath, and
a palace.
• Gondar was established as the capital of Ethiopia by
King Fasil during the 17th century. By the 18th
century, the site was transformed from a camp into a
fortified compound.
 Aksum (1980)

The ancient city of Aksum is located close to the

northern border of Ethiopia. The ruins of this
ancient city were recognized by UNESCO as a
World Heritage Site due to its cultural
importance. In fact, this city marked as the heart
of the ancient Ethiopia that also reflects the
power of the kingdom at that time. There are
several ruins in the ancient city that include royal
tombs, ancient castle ruins, monolithic obelisks,
and giant stelae.
 Lower Valley of the Awash (1980)

• This site is not only important for Ethiopia but

also for the entire African continent. This site
holds the largest and most important collection of
paleontological sites.
• The oldest of the remains on the site date back to
more than 4 million years ago. This site is the
perfect example of human evolution since the
conception of humankind history. The biggest
discovery on the site took place in 1974 when 52
skeletal fragments allowed the reconstruction of
the famous Lucy.
 Lower Valley of the Omo (1980)

• This prehistoric site at the lower valley of

the Omo is famous all over the world.
Several fossil remains were discovered on
this site near Lake Turkana. The most
notable fossil discovered here is the Homo
gracilis.
• It was fundamental in the study of human
history and evolution. Included in this site
is Fejej and Konso paleontological research
sites wherein there are sedimentary deposits
found that researchers trace back to the
plio-pleistocene period.
 Tiya (1980)
The Soddo region in Addis Adaba, Ethiopia is
home to over 160 archaeological sites. However,
Tiya is considered as the most important of these
sites. It has 36 monuments with 32 carved stelae
marked with symbols.
Many of these symbols were not known and
researchers are trying to decipher what these
symbols meant. Researchers and archaeologists
believe that these monuments serve as an
important example of the Ethiopian culture, of
which many still have not discovered the origin
of.
 Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town (2006)
• This historic and fortified town is located amidst a
plateau with deep gorges. The fortified town is also
surrounded by savannah and deserts. The walls that
surround this sacred city were built from 13th
century and completed by the 16th century.
• It is also believed to be the holiest city for Islam
due to the rich collection of important Islam
monuments notably including 82 mosques and 102
shrines. But above all, this town is culturally
significant in Ethiopia as it showcases the fusion of
Islamic and African traditions in a single town –
both in terms of urban development, layout, and
overall character of this town.
 Konso Cultural Landscape (2011)
• This is another cultural site on the list of UNESCO World
Heritage Sites in Ethiopia. It is an arid property of stone
walled terraces and fortified settlements. This cultural
tradition has been around for over 21 generations (over 400
years) in Ethiopia.
• It is an excellent example of how the settlements and the
humans living in the region adapted to the dry and hostile
environment in the Konso highlands. Within the site, you
will also find wooden statues that were put up to honor key
members of the community. In fact, they have innovated the
use of stone steles that indicate the passing of important
leaders of the community.
 Sites on the Tentative List (6)
Gedeo Mixed Cultural and Natural Bale Mountains National Park (2008) Bale Mountains National Park (2008)
Dirre Sheik Hussein Religious, Cultural and
Historical Site (2011)
Holqa Sof Omar: Natural and Cultural Heritage
(Sof Omar: Caves of Mystery) (2011)
Gedeo Mixed Cultural and Natural Landscape
(2012) Dirre Sheik Hussein (2011)
Melka Kunture
Melka Kunture and Bachilt Archaeological Site
(2012)
Sacred Landscapes of Tigray (2018)

Sacred Landscapes of Tigray Holqa Sof Omar:

 Sites on the Tentative List (6)
in Ethiopia
Bale Mountains National Park
Gedeo Mixed Cultural and Natural Bale Mountains National Park (2008)
(2008)
Dirre Sheik Hussein Religious, Cultural and
Historical Site (2011)
Holqa Sof Omar: Natural and Cultural Heritage
(Sof Omar: Caves of Mystery) (2011)
Gedeo Mixed Cultural and Natural Landscape
(2012) Dirre Sheik Hussein (2011)
Melka Kunture
Melka Kunture and Bachilt Archaeological Site
(2012)
Sacred Landscapes of Tigray (2018)

Sacred Landscapes of Tigray Holqa Sof Omar: