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    Approaches To Counseling

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    NITIN RAWAT
    This document discusses different approaches to counseling, including humanistic, behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, constructionist, and systemic approaches. It provides an overview of each approach. The humanistic approach focuses on self-actualization and is person-centered. The behavioral approach views problems as reinforced by the environment. The psychoanalytic approach sees problems stemming from past relationships and unconscious drives. Cognitive counseling addresses problematic thinking. Constructionist counseling views knowledge as constructed understanding. Systemic counseling sees people shaped by social systems.

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    Approaches To Counseling

    Uploaded by

    NITIN RAWAT
    52 views13 pages
    This document discusses different approaches to counseling, including humanistic, behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, constructionist, and systemic approaches. It provides an overview of each approach. The humanistic approach focuses on self-actualization and is person-centered. The behavioral approach views problems as reinforced by the environment. The psychoanalytic approach sees problems stemming from past relationships and unconscious drives. Cognitive counseling addresses problematic thinking. Constructionist counseling views knowledge as constructed understanding. Systemic counseling sees people shaped by social systems.

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    Approaches to Counseling

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    This document discusses different approaches to counseling, including humanistic, behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, constructionist, and systemic approaches. It provides an overview of each approach. The humanistic approach focuses on self-actualization and is person-centered. The behavioral approach views problems as reinforced by the environment. The psychoanalytic approach sees problems stemming from past relationships and unconscious drives. Cognitive counseling addresses problematic thinking. Constructionist counseling views knowledge as constructed understanding. Systemic counseling sees people shaped by social systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    52 views13 pages

    Approaches To Counseling

    Uploaded by

    NITIN RAWAT
    This document discusses different approaches to counseling, including humanistic, behavioral, psychoanalytic, cognitive, constructionist, and systemic approaches. It provides an overview of each approach. The humanistic approach focuses on self-actualization and is person-centered. The behavioral approach views problems as reinforced by the environment. The psychoanalytic approach sees problems stemming from past relationships and unconscious drives. Cognitive counseling addresses problematic thinking. Constructionist counseling views knowledge as constructed understanding. Systemic counseling sees people shaped by social systems.

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    Approaches to Counseling

    Introduction
    Counselling is to assist individuals in
    • Learning about themselves
    • Learning about environment around them
    • Relationship of individual to environment
    • Conscious effort to help in learning about Role and responsibilities
    • Not always remedial
    • understanding the behaviour pattern
    • Undesirable pattern and change in behaviour
    • Emotional and interpersonal adjustment
    Need of guidance and counselling
    • Need for Personal adjustment
    • Problems of adjustment is universal
    So What is adjustment?
    In biology
    • Adaptation
    In psychology
    • how an individual manages living by his/her wisdom
    Young and adults determination of psychological and social identity
    Eg Frustration
    • It prevent (a plan or action) from progressing
    • succeeding, or being fulfilled. prevent (someone) from doing or
    achieving something
    • cause (someone) to feel dissatisfied or unfulfilled
    • Inferiority
    Need of guidance and counselling
    • Personal adjustment in crucial situation
    • Elementary level students are in developmental stage i.e. physical,
    social emotional and personality
    • Need of a referee/ critical friend
    • High school level students need guidance on relationship, skills
    behavioural aspects and values
    • At dropout situations of schooling period
    • At college level Adult learners need support in problems like crime,
    offence and drugs 
    How teaching is different from
    counselling????
    Approaches to counselling
    Need of a theory
    “A system composed of empirical data derived from observation
    and/or experimentation, and of their interpretation ”
    Counselling is based on a theory
    A theory becomes an approach when it is practiced for problem
    solving
    Approaches
     Approaches to counselling
    • Humanistic approach – Self- Actualization – Person centered
    • Behaviouristic approach
    • Psychoanalytic approach
    Humanistic counseling
    • Humanistic counseling theories hold that people have within
    themselves all the resources they need to live healthy and functional
    lives, and that problems occur as a result of restricted or unavailable
    problem-solving resources.
    Cognitive counseling
    • Cognitive counseling theories hold that people experience
    psychological and emotional difficulties when their thinking is out of
    sync with reality.
    Behavioral counseling
    • Behavioral counseling theories hold that people engage in
    problematic thinking and behavior when their environment supports
    it. When an environment reinforces or encourages these problems,
    they will continue to occur.
    Psychoanalytic counseling
    • Psychoanalytic counseling theories hold that psychological problems
    result from the present-day influence of unconscious psychological
    drives or motivations stemming from past relationships and
    experiences.
    Constructionist counseling
    • Constructionist counseling theories hold that knowledge is merely an
    invented or “constructed” understanding of actual events in the
    world.
    Systemic counseling
    • Systemic counseling theories hold that thinking, feeling and behavior
    are largely shaped by pressures exerted on people by the social
    systems within which they live.

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