Topic:- FINE ARTS

Name - Atul Prakash Prajapati

Roll no. UP18040903
 Introduction
In European academic traditions, fine art is developed primarily for aesthetics or beauty,
distinguishing it from decorative art or applied art, which also has to serve some practical function,
such as pottery or most metalworkHistorically, the five main fine arts were painting, sculpture,
architecture, music, and poetry, with performing arts including theatre and dance.In practice,
outside education, the concept is typically only applied to the visual arts. The old master print and
drawing were included as related forms to painting, just as prose forms of literature were to poetry.
Today, the range of what would be considered fine arts commonly includes additional modern
forms, such as film, photography, video production/editing, design, and conceptual art.
 Meaning of Fine Arts

Fine art is "a visual art considered to have been created primarily for aesthetic and
intellectual purposes and judged for its beauty and meaningfulness, specifically,
painting, sculpture, drawing, watercolor, graphics, and architecture."In that sense,
there are conceptual differences between the fine arts and the decorative arts or
applied arts. As far as the consumer of the art was concerned, the perception of
aesthetic qualities required a refined judgment usually referred to as having good
taste, which differentiated fine art from popular art and entertainment.
 History of the Fine Arts
There was a traditional "system of the arts" in the West before the eighteenth century. (Other traditional cultures still
have a similar system.) In that system, an artist or artisan was a skilled maker or practitioner, a work of art was the
useful product of skilled work, and the appreciation of the arts was integrally connected with their role in the rest of
life. "Art", in other words, meant approximately the same thing as the Greek word "techne", or in English "skill", a
sense that has survived in phrases like "the art of war", "the art of love", and "the art of medicine." Similar ideas have
been expressed by Paul Oskar Kristeller, Pierre Bourdieu, and Terry Eagleton (e.g. The Ideology of the Aesthetic),
during the era of ancient Mediterranean civilizations, including those of later Greek, Roman and Byzantine culture, as
well as medieval Carolingian, Ottonian, Romanesque and Gothic art, fine artists were regarded as mere skilled-
workers - like skilled interior decorators or carvers. It wasn't until the Renaissance, that the profession of "artist" was
raised to a new higher level, reflecting the newly perceived importance of the "design" element - or "disegno".
Cultural Perspectives
The conceptual separation of arts and decorative arts or crafts that have often dominated in Europe and the US is not shared by all
other cultures. But traditional Chinese art had comparable distinctions, distinguishing within Chinese painting between the mostly
landscape literati painting of scholar gentlemen and the artisans of the schools of court painting and sculpture. Although high
status was also given to many things that would be seen as craft objects in the West, in particular ceramics, jade carving, weaving,
and embroidery, this by no means extended to the workers who created these objects, who typically remained even more
anonymous than in the West. Similar distinctions were made in Japanese and Korean art. In Islamic art, the highest status was
generally given to calligraphy, architects and the painters of Persian miniatures and related traditions, but these were still very
often court employees. Typically they also supplied designs for the best Persian carpets, architectural tiling and other decorative
media, more consistently than happened in the West.
Latin American art was dominated by European colonialism until the 20th-century, when indigenous art began to reassert itself
inspired by the Constructivist Movement, which reunited arts with crafts based upon socialist principles.
 Visual Arts

Painting and drawing

Painting as a fine art means applying paint to a flat surface (as opposed for
example to painting a sculpture, or a piece of pottery), typically using
several colours. Drawing is one of the major forms of the visual arts, and
painters need drawing skills as well. Common instruments include:
graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax color pencils, crayons,
charcoals, chalk, pastels, markers, stylus, or various metals like silverpoint.
There are a number of subcategories of drawing, including cartooning and
creating comics.
 Mosaics
Mosaics are images formed with small pieces of stone or glass, called tesserae. They can be
decorative or functional. An artist who designs and makes mosaics is called a mosaic artist or a
mosaicist. Ancient Greeks and Romans created realistic mosaic.Early Christian basilicas from the
4th century onwards were decorated with wall and ceiling mosaics. The most famous Byzantine
basilicas decorated with mosaics are the Basilica of San Vitale from Ravenna (Italy) and Hagia
Sophia from Istanbul .

Printmaking

Printmaking covers the making of images on paper that can be

reproduced multiple times by a printing process. It has been an
important artistic medium for several centuries, in the West and East
Asia. Major historic techniques include engraving, woodcut and
etching in the West, and woodblock printing in East Asia, where the
Japanese ukiyo-e style is the most important.
 Calligraphy
Calligraphy is a type of visual art. A contemporary definition of calligraphic practice is
"the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner".
Modern calligraphy ranges from functional hand-lettered inscriptions and designs to
fine-art pieces where the abstract expression of the handwritten mark may or may not
compromise the legibility of the letters.

Photography
Fine art photography refers to photographs that are created to fulfill the creative vision of the
artist. Fine art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism and commercial photography.
Photojournalism visually communicates stories and ideas, mainly in print and digital media. Fine
art photography is created primarily as an expression of the artist's vision.
 Architecture
Architecture is frequently considered a fine art, especially if its aesthetic components are
spotlighted – in contrast to structural-engineering or construction-management components.
Architectural works are perceived as cultural and political symbols and works of art.
Historical civilizations often are known primarily through their architectural achievements.
Such buildings as the pyramids of Egypt and the Roman Colosseum are cultural symbols,
and are important links in public consciousness.

Pottery
With some modern exceptions, pottery is not considered as fine art, but
"fine pottery" remains a valid technical term, especially in archaeology.
"Fine wares" are high-quality pottery, often painted, moulded or
otherwise decorated, and in many periods distinguished from "coarse
wares", which are basic utilitarian pots used by the mass of the
population, or in the kitchen rather than for more formal purposes.
 Sculpture
Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping hard or plastic material,
commonly stone (either rock or marble), metal, or wood. Some sculptures are
created directly by carving; others are assembled, built up and fired, welded,
molded, or cast. Because sculpture involves the use of materials that can be
moulded or modulated, it is considered one of the plastic arts. The majority of
public art is sculpture. Many sculptures together in a garden setting may be
referred to as a sculpture garden.
Conceptual Arts
Conceptual art is art in which the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over
traditional aesthetic and material concerns. The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a
strict and focused practice of idea-based art that often defied traditional visual criteria associated
with the visual arts in its presentation as text. However, through its association with the Young
British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s, its popular usage, particularly in the UK,
developed as a synonym for all contemporary art that does not practice the traditional skills of
painting and sculpture
 Performing Arts
Music
Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in
time. The common elements of music are pitch ,rhythm, dynamics and the
sonic qualities of timbre and texture .Different styles or types of music may
emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.

Dance
Dance is an art form that generally refers to movement of the body, usually
rhythmic, and to music, used as a form of expression, social interaction or
presented in a spiritual or performance setting. Dance is also used to
describe methods of nonverbal communication between humans or
animals motion in inanimate objects and certain musical genres.
 Theater
Modern Western theatre is dominated by realism, including drama and
comedy. Another popular Western form is musical theatre. Classical forms
of theatre, including Greek and Roman drama, classic English drama, and
French theater, are still performed today. In addition, performances of
classic Eastern forms such as Noh and Kabuki can be found in the West,
although with less frequency.