Egyptian Electricity Transmission Co. Network Training Center Substation Training Department

Egyptian Electricity Transmission Co.
Network Training Center

Substation Training Department
SPECIAL COURSE ON
MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEARS
Operation and Maintenance

CONTENTS
The contents of MV switchgear operation and
maintenance of MV for Petro Tec renewable
energy company.
Course material are divided into eight (5) units of
instructions. It covers theoretical part, practical
tasks, and field tests.

Course material
1. Power system equipment, and ratings.
2. Electric Safety Awareness In Substation.
3. General Description of MV Switchgear.
4. MV Switchgear Operation Procedure.
5. MV Switchgear Maintenance procedure.

UNIT 1
POWER SYSTEM EQUIPMENT & RATING

ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM
Electric power system provides a means of generating, transmitting and
distributing energy, in the form of electric current, to the ultimate users, the
"load". Generation, transmission, distribution and load are the four basic
elements or "subsystems" of an electric power system.
FOSSIL GENERATION
Fuels such as coal, oil and gas are burned to heat water, which drives a
turbine- generator set to generate electricity.
HYDRO GENERATION
Electricity is generated by means of water flowing through a turbine to drive
the generator.
NUCLEAR GENERATION
Heat obtained from the fission of nuclear fuel, uranium oxide, is used to
generate steam for turning the turbine.
TRANSMISSION SUBSYSTEM
The transmission system consists of the network consisting mainly of
overhead transmission lines. The lines are designed to transmit large
amounts of power from the point of generation to the load area.
DISTRIBUTION SUBSYSTEM
The distribution system consists of a network of overhead lines and
underground cables by which the power is distributed to the ultimate users of
electricity, the load. These lines are normally shorter than transmission lines
and carry smaller amounts of power.
POWER TRANSFORMER
It is used to step-up or step-down the voltages between subsystems in a
power system.
1. Transformer Tank
2. High Voltage Bushing
3. Low Voltage Bushing
4. Cooling Fins/Radiator
5. Cooling Fans
6. Conservator Tank
7. System Ground Terminal
8. Drain Valve
9. Dehydrating Breather
10. Oil Temperature/Pressure
gauges
11. Bushing Current
Transformers
12. Control Panel
13. Surge Arresters
CIRCUIT BREAKER SHUNT REACTOR
It is used to interrupt the It is used to compensate
flow of current to isolate or correct voltage drops
faulty parts of the system. or rises on the system, or
to increase the power flow
across the system.
BANK CAPACITORS
It used for power factor correction and limiting vars on power system
networks.
SURGE ARRESTERS
It is used to protect major
equipment from lightning and
excessive voltage, which may cause
breakdown or damage for them.
SUBSTATION
It is juncture points of several transmission or distribution lines
and contain most of the equipment mentioned above.
Single Line Diagram for
Complete Power System
GENERATION = LOAD DEMAND + LOSSES

UNIT 2
ELECTRICAL SAFETY AWARENESS IN
SUBSTATION
INTRODUCTION
1. Electrical safety awareness is a group of
precautions aims to safe persons and equipment
against hazardous, and dangerous.
2. Each equipment, station type, and rate of voltage
has its own safety rules.
3. These rules must follow certain international
standard which organize all varies works such as
operation, maintenance, monitoring, and control.
HAZARDS OVERVIEW
• Hazards of general nature in industrial installations.
• Electrical hazards.
• Direct and Indirect electric shock.
• The deadly combination of heights and electric shock.
• Hazards due to arcing/flashover.
• Hazards from use of electrical equipment in explosive
environment.
• Hazards due to high temperature in electrical equipment.
• Needs for periodic inspection and maintenance for safe
operation.
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
CHEMEICAL HAZARDS
ELECTRIC SHOCK-REASONS
• An electric shock can happen.
• Due to exposure to live parts (Direct contact).
• Due to exposure to parts that accidentally become live (Indirect contact).
• Due to potential difference in the ground under certain conditions.
ELECTRIC SHOCK-EFFECTS
• Causes current flow through body.
• Causes muscular contraction.
• Can cause stoppage of heart/breathing.
• A shock is often accompanied by a fall.
• A non-fatal shock can result in a fatal fall.
• While working on electrical systems at heights, adopt preventive
measures to avoid a fall.
BURNS
PERMIT TO WORK PROCEDURE AND REQUIREMENTS
Introduction
The Permit-to-Work procedure provides a formal control system aimed at the
prevention of injuries and damage to property arising from accidents where
foreseeable hazardous work is carried out.
• The Permit-to-Work consists of documents which: Detail the work to be
done.
• Details the precautions to be taken.
• Identifies all the hazards and foreseeable risks. States the control
measures to be implemented. Cancellation.
• Lists other permits in operation.

Condition for a Permit
Generally a Permit-to-Work to be issued in the following
situations:
1. Working in confined spaces.
2. Hot Works.
3. High and Low voltage electrical work. Working with
Asbestos.
4. Excavations.
5. Work on roofs.
6. Scaffold Towers
7. Other situations as determined on site.
Permit to Work Designations.
HV & LV Enclosures Permit – ( PW-01) High Voltage

 The Permit-to-Work system for High Voltage applies to contractors and
Estates staff who may have need to enter any High Voltage substations.
 It DOES NOT allow for switching of the H.V. circuits or for maintenance
of the equipment, this can only be carried out by authorized . staff, or
other contractors appointed by the owner.
 The duration of the Permit-to-Work will be no longer then a maximum
of one day. For work that may take longer than the one day, a separate
permit shall be issued for each day.

Permit to Work Form – PW01 High
and Low Voltage Enclosures
This „Permit to Work‟ allows job specific entry to the high voltage sub
stations to undertake works as detailed on the Form.
The areas covered by this permit are accessed by a secure key issued by the
substation authorized personnel named below:
Mr. -------------------------- Head of Maintenance
Mr. ------------------------ Electrical Services Maintenance Manager
This permit ceases to be in operation when the works detailed are complete
and any keys issued have been returned to the above names personnel.

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Egyptian Electricity Transmission Co.

Network Training Center

MEDIUM VOLTAGE SWITCHGEARS

Operation and Maintenance

The contents of MV switchgear operation and

maintenance of MV for Petro Tec renewable

Course material are divided into eight (5) units of

instructions. It covers theoretical part, practical

tasks, and field tests.

1. Power system equipment, and ratings.

2. Electric Safety Awareness In Substation.

3. General Description of MV Switchgear.

4. MV Switchgear Operation Procedure.

5. MV Switchgear Maintenance procedure.

POWER SYSTEM EQUIPMENT & RATING

GENERATION = LOAD DEMAND + LOSSES

ELECTRICAL SAFETY AWARENESS IN

The Permit-to-Work procedure provides a formal control system aimed at the

prevention of injuries and damage to property arising from accidents where

foreseeable hazardous work is carried out.

• The Permit-to-Work consists of documents which: Detail the work to be

• Details the precautions to be taken.

measures to be implemented. Cancellation.

• Lists other permits in operation.

HV & LV Enclosures Permit – ( PW-01) High Voltage

of the equipment, this can only be carried out by authorized . staff, or

other contractors appointed by the owner.

 The duration of the Permit-to-Work will be no longer then a maximum

permit shall be issued for each day.

stations to undertake works as detailed on the Form.

substation authorized personnel named below:

Mr. -------------------------- Head of Maintenance

Mr. ------------------------ Electrical Services Maintenance Manager

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