WOLMER’S BOYS’ SCHOOL

TECHNICAL DRAWING
BUILDING DRAWING

BY MS. DAVIS
 OBJECTIVES:
• Building Planning And Drawing
• Types of Drawing
• Preparing the architectural drawings
• Location Map
• Site Plan
• Floor Plan
• Architectural Plan
BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING
 BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING
• A building or construction project requires a complete set of specialised
drawings. These drawings, called a project set, are used by the local
planning department and building control, as well as by builders, joiners,
plumbers, electricians and water, gas and telephone engineers.

• The buildings are designed by an architect with a team of technicians and

surveyors to help plan and produce the drawings. The types of drawings
are designed by an architect with a team of technicians and surveyors to
help plan and produce the drawing.
 BUILDING PLANNING AND DRAWING
• Drawings for new buildings require approval from the building control
department and the planning department before construction work can
begin. The building control department checks that the quality of design
and construction meet British standards. The planning department assesses
whether or not the style and proportions of the proposed building are
appropriate for the location.
 TYPES OF DRAWINGS:

• Engineering drawings
• Architectural drawings
• Technical drawings
• As built drawings
• Shop drawings
 TYPES OF DRAWINGS:
• Engineering drawings
• Definition   :A schematic representation of a building, object, or component made
according to defined conventions and projected to serve in the construction or
fabrication of the thing depicted.
• Engineering drawings are frequently used to describe public works projects, such as :
- bridges, highways, and dams.
 TYPES OF DRAWINGS:
2. Architectural drawing
• Definition   A sketch, diagram, plan, or schematic used to
design, construct, and document buildings and other structures.
• The drawings may be used to indicate the overall appearance, inside or
outside the structure, or they may be used to indicate precise
measurements and other details for construction. Drawings, especially
those for construction purposes, may be issued as a set, with different
sheets indicating different types of construction (electrical, mechanical,
plumbing).
 TYPES OF DRAWINGS:
• As-built drawing
• Definition   Architectural drawings that reflect changes made during the
construction process, recording differences between the original design
and the completed structure.
• As-built drawings are based on design drawings used during construction,
where measured drawings are usually made long after construction is
completed and no design drawings exist
 TYPES OF DRAWINGS:
• Technical drawing:
• Definition   A graphic using lines and symbols that follows specific
conventions of scale and projection, typically used in architecture,
construction, engineering, or mapping
 TYPES OF DRAWINGS:
• A shop drawing:
• Definition   It is a drawing or set of drawings produced by the contractor,
supplier, manufacturer, subcontractor, or fabricator.
• Shop drawings are typically required for pre-fabricated components.
Examples of these include: elevators, structural steel, trusses, pre-cast,
windows, appliances, cabinets, air handling units and millwork.
 Shop drawings are not produced by architects and engineers under their
contract with the owner. The shop drawing is the manufacturer’s or the
contractor’s drawn version of information shown in the construction
documents. The shop drawing normally shows more detail than the
construction documents. It is drawn to explain the fabrication of the items
to the manufacturer’s production crew. The style of the shop drawing is
usually very different from that of the architect’s drawing.
  
 Preparing the architectural drawings

 Architectural Drawings used for:  Site plan

1. Building elements seen in true size,
shape, orientation . ”scale”
2. Describe form & construction of  Plans
building component.
3. It is the base drawings for other  Elevations
construction works.” electrical,
sewage, mechanical…”
 Sections
 The site plan: is a view looking down at a building from above, illustrating its
location & orientation on a plot land & providing information about the site’s
topography, landscaping utilities ,and site work.
 The importance of site plan:
 It illustrates the existing natural & built features.
 The building section: is a vertical pane cut through a building.
Or: it is a drawing of interior & exterior partitions and roofs and ground floor in addition of
interior elevations seen beyond the plane of cut.
 The importance of The building section:
1. Illustrate building construction.
2. Technical implementation (precast- prestress…).
3. Types of slab (roof plate) solid slab, hollow block, flat slab…).
4. Building material (block, stone, concrete,…).
5. Height of the building and levels.
6. Details and finishing.
7. Measurements.
 The floor plan: is a view looking down/ a horizontal plane is cut through a
building from above about 1.5m, illustrating it’s the horizontal dimensions of a
building spaces, the thickness & construction of vertical walls & columns that
define these spaces.
 The importance of plans:
1. Define the spaces & its functional relationship.
2. Illustrates places of openings (doors- windows).
3. Finishing.
4. Entrance (main- secondary)
5. Utilities (stairs- elevators- mechanical room- baths- stores….)
6. Structural system:
1. R.C, steel, bearing walls…
2. Columns, beams,…
3. Thickness of walls (exterior & interior)
7. Measurement and cost (quantity survey)
 Building elevations: is views of a building’s exterior perpendicular to the principle vertical surfaces.
 The importance of The building section:
1. Finishing
2. Openings
3. Size, shape , materials of exterior surfaces
4. Size proportion
5. Heights of the building
6. Measurements
 LOCATION PLAN
• It identifies the location of the proposed new
building within its surroundings. It also helps the
builder to plan the layout of a new building
scheme and is required by the local government
planning department which decided whether or
not to approve the project.

• Neighbouring buildings and their boundaries are

shown, as are roads, street names and fields.

• The scale of the drawing depends on the size of

the whole building scheme but is normally 1:1250

• All building projects come under local authority

control
 SITE (BLOCK) PLAN
• A site plan (also known as a block plan) shows the site boundary and the
outline of the new building which are highlighted in the location plan.
• Paths, roads and neighbouring plots are also shown. This type of plan
enables the builder to mark out the site, lay drainage pipes and build
manholes.
• It is also submitted to the local planning department for approval.
• The scale of a site plan depends on the size of the building. For houses
and small buildings a 1:200 scale is used.
 SITE (BLOCK) PLAN
A site plan can show:
• existing trees
• the building outline, including the roof
• the main dimensions of the house and
site and metres
• drainage pipes and manholes which run
from the bathroom and kitchen to the
main drain under the road
• the position of the house on the site
• contour lines which show the slope of
the land
 FLOOR PLAN
• A floor plan is a type of sectional view of the building with the
roof and a few layers of bricks removed to show:

• the arrangement of rooms

• the positions of windows and doors
• the types of internal and external
• Floor plans are used by builders, plumbers, electricians and joiners to
help plan the construction work and to cost the building materials.
 FLOOR PLAN

The scale of a floor plan depends on the size of

the building but for most domestic buildings a
sale of 1:50 is used.
Floor plan can also include: the dimensions of
each room & the exact positions of doors &
windows, the layout of water pipes (plumbing)
the layout of electrical cabling and positions of
sockets, switches and fuse boxes
 Architectural Plans
 An Architect is a person who designs houses, buildings, and other structures.
 Architects make plans when they are designing a new structure. These plans are usually
sketches, drawings or miniature models of the structure they are going to build.
 Architectural Plans
 When an architect is making plans for
a house, they draw several different
types of plans. Each plan is a different
point of view of the building.
Architectural Plans – Front Elevation
 Architectural Plans – Section Drawing

Section Drawing
View from the front where you can see through the walls into the house or building.
Architectural Plans – Floor Plan
A floor plan is a drawing of the rooms
and spaces in a structure or building.
Similar to a map, in an floor plan the
viewer is looking downward from
above.
 Dimensions are usually drawn between
the walls to specify room sizes and wall
lengths.
 Floor plans will also include details like
sinks, water heaters, furnaces, etc.
Architectural Plans – Floor Plan
 Architectural Plans – Floor Plan
 Some of the symbols used in floor plans.

Window Pair of Windows French or Twin Doors

Sliding Doors Accordion-Fold Pocket Doors Bi-Fold Doors

Doors

Regular Doors
Other Types of Architectural Plans
 Garden design and landscape planning is
the art of designing and creating plans
for the layout of plants, gardens and
landscapes.

 Most professional garden designers are

trained in principles of design and in
horticulture, and have an expert knowledge
and experience of using plants.
 Some professional garden designers are also
landscape architects, a more formal level of
training that usually requires an advanced
degree and often a state license.
DOORS
SHOWERS
 KITCHEN SINK
STANDARD SIZES
900mm, 1200mm, 1500mm,
1800mm, 2100 mm
BASIN
TOILET
 ELEVATIONS

NGL NGL
NGL NGL

NORTH ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100 SCALE 1:100

NGL NGL NGL NGL

SOUTH ELEVATION WEST ELEVATION

SCALE 1:100 SCALE 1:100
BASIC SYMBOLS - WALLS
 FIXTURES, APPLIANCES AND SYMBOLS
• More detailed floor plans show the layout of kitchens and bathrooms, since these are rooms which have
fixtures and appliances. BSI symbols are used to simplify the drawing of common features.

Window Sink
Lamp

Switch Door
Washbasin

Socket Radiator

Shower tray
Insulation In-line valve

Brickwork Bath

Concrete Crossover

Sawn wood
Sink top
Junctions
 SECTIONAL VIEW
• A cross-section showing a slice through the wall
gives builders, joiners and roofers a great deal
of information about how the house should be
built,

• Sections can be shown through any part of the

building and normally a scale of 1:20 is used.
The local building control department needs
sectional views and floor plans to assess the
quality of construction design.